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RPF Sub-Inspector Promotion Examination MCQ Practice

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2241. Under BNSS, a Magistrate before whom a complaint is made may postpone the issue of process against the accused and either inquire into the case himself or direct an investigation to be made by a police officer for the purpose of deciding whether there is sufficient ground for proceeding, under a provision corresponding to CrPC Section 202. This inquiry/investigation is mandatory in which specific scenario under BNSS?
  1. A. Where the complaint concerns railway property exclusively
  2. B. Where the accused is a government employee only
  3. C. Where the accused is residing at a place beyond the area in which the Magistrate exercises jurisdiction
  4. D. This inquiry is never mandatory under any circumstance
Answer: Where the accused is residing at a place beyond the area in which the Magistrate exercises jurisdiction
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC Section 202 rule making such inquiry/investigation mandatory before issuing process when the accused resides outside the Magistrate's jurisdiction, protecting against harassment through frivolous complaints filed in distant jurisdictions.
2242. Under BNSS, when the officer in charge of a police station refuses to record information relating to the commission of a cognizable offence, the aggrieved person may send the substance of such information in writing to which authority, under provisions corresponding to CrPC Section 154(3)?
  1. A. The nearest municipal corporation office
  2. B. The Superintendent of Police concerned, who if satisfied that a cognizable offence is disclosed, shall either investigate the case himself or direct investigation by a subordinate officer
  3. C. The Prime Minister's Office directly
  4. D. No such recourse exists under BNSS
Answer: The Superintendent of Police concerned, who if satisfied that a cognizable offence is disclosed, shall either investigate the case himself or direct investigation by a subordinate officer
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC Section 154(3) safeguard: if an officer in charge refuses to register an FIR, the informant can approach the Superintendent of Police, who must investigate personally or direct a subordinate to do so upon being satisfied a cognizable offence is disclosed.
2243. Under BNSS, a Magistrate empowered to try cases may, upon a police report disclosing a non-cognizable offence, treat the report as a complaint and proceed accordingly, or direct investigation as if the case were cognizable, under a provision corresponding to which CrPC section?
  1. A. Only the High Court can make this determination
  2. B. The provision equivalent to CrPC Section 155(4), whereby a case involving both cognizable and non-cognizable offences in the same transaction is treated as cognizable for investigation purposes
  3. C. This only applies to offences against railway property
  4. D. No such provision exists in BNSS
Answer: The provision equivalent to CrPC Section 155(4), whereby a case involving both cognizable and non-cognizable offences in the same transaction is treated as cognizable for investigation purposes
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC Section 155(4) rule that where a case relates to two or more offences, at least one of which is cognizable, the entire case is treated as a cognizable case, permitting police to investigate without a Magistrate's prior order.
2244. Under BNSS, where an offence is committed by two or more persons and only one of them is arrested while the identity of the rest is unknown, a warrant of arrest may be issued against such unknown persons, described as far as possible in the warrant. This power corresponds to which principle from CrPC Section 75A/warrant provisions?
  1. A. This power was newly abolished under BNSS
  2. B. A warrant may be issued against an unknown person described by such description as is reasonably sufficient to identify them (John Doe-type warrant)
  3. C. Warrants can never be issued against unidentified persons under any law
  4. D. Only a Sessions Judge can issue such a warrant
Answer: A warrant may be issued against an unknown person described by such description as is reasonably sufficient to identify them (John Doe-type warrant)
Explanation: BNSS retains the provision allowing issuance of a warrant against an unknown person described sufficiently to enable identification (colloquially a 'John Doe' warrant), useful in cases like organized theft rings where some accused remain unidentified initially.
2245. Under BNSS, a Magistrate issuing a warrant of arrest may, if the offence is bailable, endorse on the warrant a direction that the person named therein shall be released on execution of a bond. This endorsement power, corresponding to CrPC Section 71, has what effect on the arresting officer's duty?
  1. A. The arresting officer must release the arrested person on their executing a bond (with or without sureties as specified) instead of producing them before the Magistrate first
  2. B. The endorsement only applies to non-bailable offences
  3. C. The officer must always produce the person before a Magistrate regardless of endorsement
  4. D. The endorsement has no legal effect and can be ignored
Answer: The arresting officer must release the arrested person on their executing a bond (with or without sureties as specified) instead of producing them before the Magistrate first
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC provision that when a warrant is endorsed for bail, the officer executing it must release the arrested person upon execution of a bond as specified in the endorsement, streamlining the process and avoiding unnecessary custody for bailable offences.
2246. Under BNSS, where an investigating officer needs to search a person, and it is desirable that a woman be searched, the search must be conducted:
  1. A. Never permitted under any circumstance
  2. B. Only by a Magistrate personally
  3. C. By any officer regardless of gender, decency being immaterial
  4. D. By another woman, with strict regard to decency
Answer: By another woman, with strict regard to decency
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC safeguard that whenever a woman is to be searched, the search shall be made by another woman with strict regard to decency, a protection carried through search, seizure, and arrest-related provisions.
2247. Under BNSS, where an accused is tried for one offence but the facts proved show they committed a different, more serious offence for which a specific charge would have been required, and the Court cannot convict of the graver offence without a formal charge, the appropriate remedy under provisions equivalent to CrPC Section 221 is:
  1. A. Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed, the accused may be charged with having committed all or any of such offences in the alternative
  2. B. The accused must always be acquitted in such uncertain situations
  3. C. The case must be permanently dismissed
  4. D. Only the Magistrate, never a Sessions Court, can invoke this alternative charging power
Answer: Where it is doubtful what offence has been committed, the accused may be charged with having committed all or any of such offences in the alternative
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC provision permitting alternative charges where it is doubtful which of several offences the facts constitute, allowing the accused to be charged with having committed one or more of such offences in the alternative, applicable to both Magistrates and Sessions Courts.
2248. Under BNSS, where a Court of Session tries an accused and finds them not guilty of the offence charged, but the evidence shows they committed a different offence which the Sessions Court could have taken cognizance of (or could have been charged with) under provisions equivalent to CrPC Section 222, what may the Court do?
  1. A. Must refer the entire matter to the High Court
  2. B. Convict him of the offence which he is shown by the evidence to have committed, even though not separately charged, provided he is not thereby prejudiced
  3. C. Must acquit him entirely regardless of evidence of a different offence
  4. D. Cannot proceed further under any circumstance
Answer: Convict him of the offence which he is shown by the evidence to have committed, even though not separately charged, provided he is not thereby prejudiced
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC principle that a person charged with one offence may be convicted of a minor/cognate offence disclosed by the evidence, even without a separate charge, provided no prejudice results and the accused had adequate opportunity to defend against that finding.
2249. Under BNSS, an accused person committed to the Court of Session for trial has the right to receive, free of cost, copies of which documents, corresponding to CrPC Section 207, before the trial begins?
  1. A. No documents are provided free of cost under BNSS
  2. B. Only the FIR and nothing else
  3. C. Only the judgment of a prior similar case
  4. D. The police report (chargesheet), FIR, statements of witnesses, confessions/statements under Section 183, and other documents forwarded to the Magistrate with the report
Answer: The police report (chargesheet), FIR, statements of witnesses, confessions/statements under Section 183, and other documents forwarded to the Magistrate with the report
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC requirement (Section 230 equivalent) that the accused receive free copies of the police report, FIR, statements, and other relevant documents before trial, ensuring the right to prepare an adequate defence, now also permitting electronic supply of such copies.
2250. Under BNSS, an investigating officer investigating a case of alleged custodial torture by fellow RPF/police personnel must record which additional procedural safeguard for the victim's medical examination, distinct from a general accused examination under Section 51/52?
  1. A. The examination is optional at the victim's request only
  2. B. Only a private doctor chosen by the accused police officer may conduct the examination
  3. C. Ensuring examination by a registered medical practitioner and, where the victim is a woman, only by or under supervision of a woman registered medical practitioner, with a copy of the report sent to specified authorities
  4. D. No medical examination is required for custodial torture allegations
Answer: Ensuring examination by a registered medical practitioner and, where the victim is a woman, only by or under supervision of a woman registered medical practitioner, with a copy of the report sent to specified authorities
Explanation: BNSS provisions on medical examination (Sections 51-53) require a registered medical practitioner, with the requirement of a woman practitioner for female victims/accused, mirroring safeguards for custody-related examinations to ensure impartiality and protect against custodial abuse.
2251. Under BNSS, the provision empowering the State Government to appoint Public Prosecutors and Additional Public Prosecutors for the High Court and for each district requires consultation with which authority before such appointment, corresponding to CrPC Section 24?
  1. A. The High Court, for appointments to that High Court, and consultation with the District Magistrate in preparation of a panel of names for district appointments
  2. B. Only the Chief Minister's Office
  3. C. No consultation is required with any authority
  4. D. Only the local Bar Council President informally
Answer: The High Court, for appointments to that High Court, and consultation with the District Magistrate in preparation of a panel of names for district appointments
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC Section 24 scheme requiring the State Government to consult the High Court for appointments to that Court, and involving the District Magistrate in preparing a panel of names in consultation with the Sessions Judge for district-level appointments.
2252. Under BNSS, in relation to appeals, where an accused has been convicted by a High Court in the exercise of its original criminal jurisdiction, an appeal from such conviction lies to which forum?
  1. A. The concerned Sessions Court
  2. B. No appeal lies from a High Court's original jurisdiction conviction
  3. C. The National Human Rights Commission
  4. D. The Supreme Court of India
Answer: The Supreme Court of India
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC provision that appeals from convictions by a High Court exercising original criminal jurisdiction lie directly to the Supreme Court, consistent with the constitutional appellate hierarchy.
2253. Under BNSS, where the investigation is not completed within the prescribed period fixed for filing a chargesheet for an offence punishable with imprisonment of ten years or more, but the officer in charge believes further time is essential, which mechanism, if any, permits an extension beyond the ordinary statutory outer limit?
  1. A. There is no general extension mechanism for the default bail timeline under Section 187; failure to file within 60/90 days entitles the accused to default bail as of right, subject to special statutes like UAPA/NDPS that separately provide extensions
  2. B. Extensions require Presidential assent
  3. C. Extensions can be granted indefinitely by any police officer without judicial oversight
  4. D. Only the accused can request an extension
Answer: There is no general extension mechanism for the default bail timeline under Section 187; failure to file within 60/90 days entitles the accused to default bail as of right, subject to special statutes like UAPA/NDPS that separately provide extensions
Explanation: Under the general BNSS/CrPC scheme, the 60/90-day default bail timeline under Section 187 is a hard statutory limit for ordinary offences; only special enactments like UAPA (up to 180 days) separately extend investigation timelines, not BNSS itself for general offences.
2254. Under BNSS, when an accused person arrested on a charge is examined by a medical practitioner at the request of a police officer not below a specified rank, to obtain evidence relevant to the commission of the offence, this examination corresponds to CrPC Section 53 and now explicitly includes which modern investigative technique among examination types?
  1. A. Only psychological counselling
  2. B. Only visual observation without any sample collection
  3. C. DNA profiling and other modern techniques as part of the examination that may include blood, semen, hair samples, and swabs
  4. D. Only X-ray examination
Answer: DNA profiling and other modern techniques as part of the examination that may include blood, semen, hair samples, and swabs
Explanation: BNSS Section 51 (equivalent to CrPC Section 53) explicitly lists modern techniques within 'examination' including DNA profiling, blood, semen, sputum, sweat, hair samples, and finger/footprint impressions, updating the CrPC's more limited enumeration to reflect forensic advances.
2255. Under BNSS, the newly introduced provision for handcuffing (Section 43(3)) permits a police officer to use handcuffs while making an arrest or producing an arrested person before court, having regard to the nature and gravity of the offence, in which category of cases?
  1. A. Any person arrested for any offence whatsoever, with no restriction
  2. B. Only persons accused of traffic violations
  3. C. Habitual or repeat offenders, those who escaped from custody, or those accused of organized crime, terrorist acts, drug offences, illegal possession of arms/ammunition, murder, rape, acid attack, counterfeiting, or offences against the State, among specified categories
  4. D. Only women accused of any offence
Answer: Habitual or repeat offenders, those who escaped from custody, or those accused of organized crime, terrorist acts, drug offences, illegal possession of arms/ammunition, murder, rape, acid attack, counterfeiting, or offences against the State, among specified categories
Explanation: Section 43(3) BNSS is a genuinely new provision (absent in CrPC) permitting handcuffs in specified serious/habitual offender categories, subject to constitutional proportionality principles from cases like Prem Shankar Shukla, marking a codified but controversial expansion of police power.
2256. Under BNSS, where a public servant is accused of an offence alleged to have been committed while acting or purporting to act in the discharge of official duty, prior sanction for prosecution is required from the appropriate Government/authority, except for which category of offences newly carved out under BNSS?
  1. A. All offences without exception require sanction
  2. B. Only offences against railway property are exempt
  3. C. Offences of sexual harassment, assault, or use of criminal force to a woman with intent to outrage modesty, and similar specified offences against women, for which sanction is not a bar
  4. D. Only theft offences are exempt
Answer: Offences of sexual harassment, assault, or use of criminal force to a woman with intent to outrage modesty, and similar specified offences against women, for which sanction is not a bar
Explanation: BNSS carves out an important exception (Section 218 read with related provisions) that sanction for prosecution of a public servant is not required for offences of sexual harassment or similar offences against women, closing a gap that previously allowed delay/shielding of such prosecutions.
2257. Under BNSS, before a court takes cognizance of certain offences against the State (such as those relating to sedition-equivalent provisions or offences against public tranquility investigated on railway premises during unlawful assembly), what condition precedent applies under provisions equivalent to CrPC Section 196?
  1. A. Previous sanction of the Central Government or State Government (or specified authority) is required before cognizance can be taken
  2. B. No prior sanction is ever required for any offence against the State
  3. C. Sanction is required only from the railway administration
  4. D. Only the local Magistrate's oral approval is needed
Answer: Previous sanction of the Central Government or State Government (or specified authority) is required before cognizance can be taken
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC safeguard requiring prior sanction of the appropriate Government before a court can take cognizance of specified offences against the State or public tranquility, to prevent misuse of these provisions against ordinary citizens.
2258. Under BNSS, when a police officer in charge of a police station receives information of a cognizable offence but the offence is alleged to have been committed outside the limits of that station, what must the officer do under provisions corresponding to CrPC Section 156(2)/170, especially in a zero FIR context on a railway route?
  1. A. Refuse to register any FIR and direct the informant elsewhere
  2. B. Register the FIR (zero FIR), commence initial investigation/action, and transfer the case to the police station having jurisdiction
  3. C. Wait for a court order before taking any action
  4. D. Register the FIR only after the accused is arrested
Answer: Register the FIR (zero FIR), commence initial investigation/action, and transfer the case to the police station having jurisdiction
Explanation: BNSS formally codifies the zero FIR concept: a police station receiving information of a cognizable offence outside its territorial jurisdiction must register the FIR, take necessary initial steps, and then transfer it to the jurisdictional police station, ensuring no delay in registration.
2259. Under BNSS, an investigating officer wants to seize digital devices such as a mobile phone or laptop from a crime scene as evidence. Regarding the audio-video recording requirement under Section 105, which of the following is correct about its application to digital evidence seizure?
  1. A. The search and seizure process, including of digital devices, must be recorded through audio-video means wherever practicable, and a copy forwarded to the Magistrate without delay
  2. B. Only fingerprints require audio-video recording, not digital devices
  3. C. Audio-video recording is mandatory only for offences against women
  4. D. Digital devices are exempt from the audio-video recording requirement entirely
Answer: The search and seizure process, including of digital devices, must be recorded through audio-video means wherever practicable, and a copy forwarded to the Magistrate without delay
Explanation: Section 105 BNSS applies broadly to search and seizure of any property including digital devices; the audio-video recording requirement, wherever practicable, along with forwarding to the Magistrate, applies uniformly to strengthen evidentiary integrity for all seized items.
2260. Under BNSS, statements recorded by a police officer during investigation under Section 180 cannot ordinarily be used for what purpose at trial, subject to specific statutory exceptions such as contradiction of the witness?
  1. A. As the sole basis for framing charges
  2. B. As proof of the chain of custody of physical exhibits
  3. C. As evidence for identifying the accused's fingerprints
  4. D. As substantive evidence to prove the truth of the facts stated (they may only be used to contradict the witness)
Answer: As substantive evidence to prove the truth of the facts stated (they may only be used to contradict the witness)
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC Section 162 rule (renumbered) that statements to police during investigation cannot be used as substantive evidence of the facts stated; they may only be used to contradict the maker if they later testify, under the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam's provisions on contradiction.
2261. Under BNSS, a police officer investigating an offence records the statement of witnesses under Section 180 (equivalent to CrPC Section 161). Such statements, if reduced to writing, must be:
  1. A. Read out in open court before recording
  2. B. Signed by the accused as an admission
  3. C. A separate and true record of the statement of each such person whose statement he records
  4. D. Combined into a single narrative document covering all witnesses collectively
Answer: A separate and true record of the statement of each such person whose statement he records
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC requirement that if the investigating officer reduces witness statements to writing, a separate and true record of each person's statement must be made, ensuring individual accuracy and preventing conflation of testimonies.
2262. Under BNSS, the provisions relating to trial of cases summarily prescribe a maximum sentence of imprisonment that a Magistrate can pass in a summary trial, which is:
  1. A. Imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months
  2. B. No imprisonment can be awarded, only fine
  3. C. Imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year
  4. D. Life imprisonment
Answer: Imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC limit on summary trials: a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months can be passed in any conviction under this summary procedure, given the summary/expedited nature of such trials.
2263. Under BNSS, when an accused person pleads guilty to a charge in a warrant case triable by a Magistrate, instituted on a police report, what must the Magistrate do before recording a conviction on such plea, distinguishing it from a summons case?
  1. A. Dismiss the case without further proceedings
  2. B. Automatically sentence to the maximum punishment without recording anything
  3. C. Record the plea in the accused's own words as far as possible and may, in its discretion, convict him thereon after ensuring the plea is made voluntarily and with understanding
  4. D. Refer the case to the High Court for confirmation before any conviction
Answer: Record the plea in the accused's own words as far as possible and may, in its discretion, convict him thereon after ensuring the plea is made voluntarily and with understanding
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC procedure for warrant cases: the Magistrate must record the substance of the plea as nearly as possible in the accused's own words and may convict in discretion, ensuring the plea's voluntariness before proceeding, similar to but more elaborate than the summons-case procedure.
2264. Under BNSS, where an offence is alleged to have been committed by several persons at different places, and it is uncertain in which of several local areas the offence was committed, or the offence was committed partly in one area and partly in another, jurisdiction to inquire into or try the offence vests in which Court(s), under provisions equivalent to CrPC Section 178?
  1. A. No Court has jurisdiction in such a scenario
  2. B. Only the Supreme Court of India
  3. C. Only the High Court of the state capital
  4. D. Any of the Courts having jurisdiction over any of such local areas
Answer: Any of the Courts having jurisdiction over any of such local areas
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC rule that in cases of uncertain locality or offences spanning multiple areas, any Court having jurisdiction over any of the local areas in question may inquire into and try the offence, avoiding jurisdictional deadlock.
2265. Under BNSS, a Magistrate recording the confession of an accused under Section 183 must certify at the foot of the record which specific fact regarding the making of the confession, to ensure its later evidentiary reliability?
  1. A. That the confession need not be true, only convenient
  2. B. That the confession was extracted under duress
  3. C. That the police officer was present throughout
  4. D. That it was made voluntarily, in the Magistrate's presence and hearing, and was read over to the person and admitted to be correct
Answer: That it was made voluntarily, in the Magistrate's presence and hearing, and was read over to the person and admitted to be correct
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC Section 164 certification requirement: the Magistrate must certify the confession was made voluntarily in their presence, was read over to the accused, admitted as correct, and contains a full and true account of the statement made.
2266. An RPF Sub-Inspector, while investigating a case of theft of railway goods, wants to record the statement of a child witness aged 8 years who witnessed the theft. Under BNSS provisions on recording of statements, what special procedure applies to such a vulnerable witness during investigation and trial?
  1. A. No special procedure exists; children are treated identically to adult witnesses in all respects
  2. B. Only a female Magistrate may ever record a child's statement
  3. C. The statement may be recorded through audio-video electronic means and the child may be examined through means that minimize distress, similar to protections for vulnerable witnesses under special laws
  4. D. The child's statement is automatically inadmissible
Answer: The statement may be recorded through audio-video electronic means and the child may be examined through means that minimize distress, similar to protections for vulnerable witnesses under special laws
Explanation: BNSS incorporates audio-video recording facilities for statements of vulnerable witnesses, including children, and works alongside special statutes to protect them from distress, marking an evidentiary modernization over the old CrPC framework.
2267. Under BNSS, in relation to maintenance orders for wives, children, and parents, if the person against whom the order is made fails to pay without sufficient cause, the Magistrate may issue a warrant for levying the amount due, and, for each month's allowance remaining unpaid after execution of the warrant, may sentence such person to imprisonment for a term extending up to what period?
  1. A. Life imprisonment
  2. B. One month or until payment, whichever is earlier
  3. C. One year without exception
  4. D. No imprisonment provision exists, only civil recovery
Answer: One month or until payment, whichever is earlier
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC maintenance-enforcement provision permitting imprisonment up to one month for each month's allowance that remains unpaid, or until payment is made, whichever occurs earlier, as a coercive measure for enforcing maintenance orders.
2268. Under BNSS, when a subordinate criminal court entertains doubt as to a question of law relating to the validity of any Act, Ordinance, or Regulation, and considers it necessary to determine the case, the reference procedure to the High Court under provisions equivalent to CrPC Section 395 requires what preliminary condition?
  1. A. Only the Chief Justice of India can initiate such reference
  2. B. The determination of the question of law must be necessary for the disposal of the case, and the court must be of the opinion the Act etc. is invalid or inoperative but not declared so by the High Court or Supreme Court
  3. C. The reference can only be made after final judgment
  4. D. Any doubt, however trivial, automatically triggers a mandatory reference
Answer: The determination of the question of law must be necessary for the disposal of the case, and the court must be of the opinion the Act etc. is invalid or inoperative but not declared so by the High Court or Supreme Court
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC condition that a subordinate court may refer a question of law regarding the validity of legislation to the High Court only where determination is necessary for disposal of the case and the court believes the provision invalid, without a binding declaration to that effect already existing.
2269. Under BNSS, the power of the High Court to enhance a sentence in the exercise of its revisional jurisdiction requires which mandatory procedural safeguard before the enhanced sentence can be passed?
  1. A. No opportunity of hearing is required as it is a revisional matter
  2. B. The accused must be given an opportunity of being heard, either in person or through a pleader, before the sentence is enhanced
  3. C. Only the Public Prosecutor's consent is required
  4. D. Enhancement can occur without any notice to the accused
Answer: The accused must be given an opportunity of being heard, either in person or through a pleader, before the sentence is enhanced
Explanation: BNSS retains the fundamental natural-justice safeguard from CrPC that no sentence can be enhanced in revision unless the accused has had an opportunity of showing cause against such enhancement, in person or through a pleader.
2270. Under BNSS, a death sentence passed by a Court of Session must be submitted to the High Court for confirmation before it can be executed. During this confirmation proceeding, the High Court may, under provisions corresponding to CrPC Section 367, direct what additional step if it thinks further inquiry is desirable?
  1. A. Order a re-trial before a Magistrate only
  2. B. Direct further inquiry to be made into, or additional evidence to be taken on, any point bearing on the guilt or innocence of the convicted person
  3. C. Refer the matter to Parliament
  4. D. Directly execute the sentence without further review
Answer: Direct further inquiry to be made into, or additional evidence to be taken on, any point bearing on the guilt or innocence of the convicted person
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC provision empowering the High Court, in a death sentence confirmation proceeding, to direct further inquiry or take additional evidence on any point bearing on guilt or innocence, either itself or through a Court of Session, before confirming or annulling the conviction.
2271. Under BNSS, the power to compound (settle) certain offences without the leave of the Court, and certain other offences only with the leave of the Court, continues to be governed by a Table analogous to CrPC Section 320. In this scheme, which category of offence can NEVER be compounded regardless of the parties' consent?
  1. A. All summons-case offences
  2. B. All offences investigated by RPF
  3. C. All bailable offences
  4. D. Offences not listed in the compoundable table (e.g., non-compoundable offences like most offences against the State or serious offences against the body)
Answer: Offences not listed in the compoundable table (e.g., non-compoundable offences like most offences against the State or serious offences against the body)
Explanation: Offences not specified in the compounding table under BNSS (analogous to Section 320 CrPC) remain non-compoundable and cannot be settled between parties regardless of consent; only listed offences with or without Court leave can be compounded.
2272. Under BNSS, transfer of criminal cases from one Criminal Court to another within a State is ordered by the High Court on the application of an interested party, or by the Sessions Judge within their sessions division. Which specific safeguard for such applications is retained from CrPC Section 407 regarding an application made by counsel for the accused?
  1. A. The application must be signed by at least ten witnesses
  2. B. No safeguard exists; transfer is granted automatically on any accused's request
  3. C. The application requires prior consent of the complainant
  4. D. Where the application is by the accused, the Court must be satisfied of the genuineness of the apprehension of an unfair trial before ordering transfer
Answer: Where the application is by the accused, the Court must be satisfied of the genuineness of the apprehension of an unfair trial before ordering transfer
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC safeguard that transfer applications require the Court to be satisfied of a genuine apprehension of an unfair trial or that transfer is expedient for the ends of justice, preventing misuse of the transfer mechanism to delay proceedings.
2273. Under BNSS, in a case involving unsoundness of mind of the accused, if the Magistrate or Court has reason to believe that the accused is of unsound mind and consequently incapable of making his defence, the Court must first do what before proceeding further with the trial?
  1. A. Try the fact of such unsoundness and incapacity, examining medical evidence, before proceeding with the trial
  2. B. Refer the matter directly to the High Court for trial
  3. C. Immediately acquit the accused without inquiry
  4. D. Immediately convict the accused
Answer: Try the fact of such unsoundness and incapacity, examining medical evidence, before proceeding with the trial
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC procedure (Chapter XXV equivalent) requiring the Magistrate/Court to first inquire into and try the fact of unsoundness of mind and incapacity to make a defence, based on medical evidence, before the substantive trial can proceed.
2274. Under BNSS, where a person has previously been convicted or acquitted of an offence, and is subsequently sought to be tried for the same offence, or for a different offence framed from the same facts covered by a prior charge, the bar against double jeopardy is provided under which provision, corresponding to CrPC Section 300?
  1. A. Section 84 on proclamation
  2. B. Section 47 on informing a relative of arrest
  3. C. Section 105 on search and seizure
  4. D. The provision on person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence (renumbered from Section 300 CrPC)
Answer: The provision on person once convicted or acquitted not to be tried for same offence (renumbered from Section 300 CrPC)
Explanation: BNSS retains the substantive protection against double jeopardy, renumbering the CrPC Section 300 provision, ensuring a person once tried by a competent court and convicted/acquitted cannot be tried again for the same offence while that conviction/acquittal remains in force.
2275. Under BNSS, the general bar against taking cognizance of certain offences after lapse of the period of limitation (equivalent to CrPC Chapter XXXVI) prescribes what limitation period for an offence punishable with imprisonment not exceeding one year?
  1. A. No limitation period applies at all
  2. B. Three years from the date of the offence
  3. C. Six months from the date of the offence
  4. D. One year from the date of the offence
Answer: One year from the date of the offence
Explanation: Under the BNSS limitation scheme (carried over from CrPC), cognizance is barred after six months for offences punishable with fine only, one year for imprisonment up to one year, and three years for imprisonment exceeding one year but not exceeding three years; there is no bar for offences punishable with more than three years.
2276. An investigating officer discovers during trial that facts warrant altering the charge from theft to robbery. Under BNSS provisions on alteration of charge (equivalent to CrPC Section 216), at what stage can a Court alter or add to a charge?
  1. A. Only before the trial begins
  2. B. Only if the Magistrate seeks prior permission from the High Court
  3. C. Only after the accused is convicted
  4. D. At any time before judgment is pronounced
Answer: At any time before judgment is pronounced
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC rule that any Court may alter or add to any charge at any time before judgment is pronounced, subject to the requirement that the accused is not prejudiced and is given opportunity to meet the altered charge.
2277. Under BNSS, when a Magistrate has taken cognizance of an offence and it appears that the accused ought to be tried jointly with another accused already convicted or facing separate proceedings for the same transaction, the power to try persons jointly for offences committed in the same transaction is found under which provision?
  1. A. Section 105 on search and seizure
  2. B. Section 528 on savings
  3. C. Section 35 on arrest
  4. D. The provision governing joinder of charges and persons who may be charged jointly (equivalent to CrPC Section 223)
Answer: The provision governing joinder of charges and persons who may be charged jointly (equivalent to CrPC Section 223)
Explanation: BNSS retains the CrPC provision (renumbered) permitting joint trial of persons accused of the same offence committed in the course of the same transaction, or of different offences committed in one series of acts so connected as to form the same transaction.
2278. Under Section 196 BNSS, in cases of death or disappearance of a person, or rape of a woman, while in police custody, the inquiry by the Judicial Magistrate must ordinarily be held, and the nearest relatives of the deceased are entitled to which participatory right not clearly spelt out in the old CrPC?
  1. A. The right to conduct the inquiry themselves
  2. B. The right to veto the inquiry's outcome
  3. C. The right to appoint the investigating officer
  4. D. The right to be present during the inquiry conducted by the Magistrate
Answer: The right to be present during the inquiry conducted by the Magistrate
Explanation: Section 196 BNSS explicitly provides that the nearest relatives of the deceased shall, whenever practicable, be informed and allowed to remain present at the inquiry, formalizing a transparency safeguard.
2279. Which feature of a railway disaster response makes a 'Unified Command' preferable when RPF, GRP, NDRF and civil administration all operate at a site?
  1. A. One agency alone takes all decisions
  2. B. No coordination is needed
  3. C. Agencies share common objectives without losing their own authority
  4. D. Only media decides
Answer: Agencies share common objectives without losing their own authority
Explanation: Unified Command lets multiple agencies with different legal authorities jointly set objectives and a single incident action plan without losing their own authority.
2280. The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 require which authority to prepare off-site emergency plans for major accident hazard installations?
  1. A. Election Commission
  2. B. District Collector/District Crisis Group
  3. C. Railway Board
  4. D. Supreme Court
Answer: District Collector/District Crisis Group
Explanation: Under the 1996 Rules, off-site emergency plans for major accident hazard installations are prepared by the District Collector with the District Crisis Group, while the occupier prepares the on-site plan.
2281. Which phase of the disaster management cycle includes early warning systems, mock drills and stockpiling of relief materials?
  1. A. Prosecution
  2. B. Preparedness
  3. C. Compensation
  4. D. Reconstruction
Answer: Preparedness
Explanation: Preparedness covers early warning, drills, training, contingency planning and stockpiling to enable an effective response.
2282. Which law enforcement concept, relevant to RPF at accident sites, ensures that the scene is not disturbed beyond what rescue needs before the inquiry team arrives?
  1. A. Preservation of the scene and evidence
  2. B. Immediate dismantling
  3. C. Mass eviction
  4. D. Public auction
Answer: Preservation of the scene and evidence
Explanation: After life-saving, the scene and evidence (wreckage positions, signals, records) are preserved for the CRS and police investigation.
2283. Under the IRS, the 'Incident Commander' may delegate functions. Which function can NOT be delegated and remains with the Incident Commander?
  1. A. Overall responsibility for the incident, including any function not delegated
  2. B. Counting ration
  3. C. Driving ambulances
  4. D. Writing press releases
Answer: Overall responsibility for the incident, including any function not delegated
Explanation: In IRS, the Incident Commander retains overall responsibility and any function not delegated to a Section Chief remains with the Incident Commander.
2284. Which instrument measures wind speed and is used at railway stations and bridges for cyclone-related operational restrictions?
  1. A. Anemometer
  2. B. Pyrheliometer
  3. C. Barograph
  4. D. Seismograph
Answer: Anemometer
Explanation: An anemometer measures wind speed; wind-speed thresholds are used to restrict train speeds on exposed bridges and sections.
2285. A Commissioner of Railway Safety inquiry into a serious train accident is conducted under which Act?
  1. A. Disaster Management Act, 2005
  2. B. Railways Act, 1989
  3. C. Railway Protection Force Act, 1957
  4. D. Railway Claims Tribunal Act, 1987
Answer: Railways Act, 1989
Explanation: Statutory inquiries into serious accidents are held by the CRS under the Railways Act 1989 and the Railway Accidents rules framed under it.
2286. What compression-to-ventilation ratio is recommended in adult single-rescuer CPR?
  1. A. 5:1
  2. B. 50:5
  3. C. 15:1
  4. D. 30:2
Answer: 30:2
Explanation: Adult CPR uses 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths, with compressions at 100-120 per minute.
2287. What is the 'Chain of Survival' step that immediately follows early recognition of cardiac arrest?
  1. A. Insurance claim
  2. B. Early CPR
  3. C. Discharge from hospital
  4. D. Rehabilitation
Answer: Early CPR
Explanation: After recognition and calling for help, early CPR is the next link, followed by early defibrillation and advanced care.
2288. Which colour of tag in START triage denotes a 'walking wounded' victim?
  1. A. Red
  2. B. Yellow
  3. C. Black
  4. D. Green
Answer: Green
Explanation: Victims who can walk are first tagged Green (minor) in START and directed to a separate area.
2289. In the DM Act 2005, 'rehabilitation' and 'reconstruction' are measures that fall in which stage of the disaster management cycle?
  1. A. Training stage
  2. B. Early warning stage
  3. C. Prevention stage
  4. D. Recovery stage
Answer: Recovery stage
Explanation: Rehabilitation and reconstruction are post-disaster recovery measures restoring normal life and infrastructure.
2290. Which international sign-based standard colour is used on emergency exit signage?
  1. A. Red
  2. B. Black
  3. C. Green
  4. D. Yellow
Answer: Green
Explanation: Green signage indicates safe conditions, emergency exits and first aid in international safety sign standards.
2291. The Disaster Management Plan of a railway station primarily needs to define which of the following in advance?
  1. A. Menu of food stalls
  2. B. Ticket pricing
  3. C. Evacuation routes, assembly points and responsibilities
  4. D. Advertising rates
Answer: Evacuation routes, assembly points and responsibilities
Explanation: Station plans fix evacuation routes, assembly points, roles, communication and contact lists so the response is quick and coordinated.
2292. Under the NDMP, what is the NDRF's position among central 'specialist response' forces in a railway accident requiring heavy rescue?
  1. A. Handles prosecution
  2. B. Specialised response force deployed on request of the State/Railways
  3. C. Replaces the local police
  4. D. Issues tickets
Answer: Specialised response force deployed on request of the State/Railways
Explanation: NDRF is a specialist multi-disciplinary response force deployed on request for heavy rescue, collapsed structures, CBRN and flood response.
2293. Which tragedy in February 2002 involved the burning of coaches of the Sabarmati Express at Godhra station?
  1. A. Godhra train burning (S-6 coach)
  2. B. Gaisal disaster
  3. C. Firozabad collision
  4. D. Khanna disaster
Answer: Godhra train burning (S-6 coach)
Explanation: On 27 February 2002, the S-6 coach of the Sabarmati Express was set on fire near Godhra, killing 59 persons.
2294. On 15 February 2025, a stampede at which railway station in Delhi killed 18 people amid Maha Kumbh crowds?
  1. A. Hazrat Nizamuddin
  2. B. New Delhi
  3. C. Old Delhi
  4. D. Anand Vihar Terminal
Answer: New Delhi
Explanation: The New Delhi Railway Station stampede occurred on 15 February 2025 when crowds heading for Prayagraj surged on platforms and the foot overbridge.
2295. The 'Polluter Pays' principle in Indian environmental law holds that:
  1. A. Victims pay for clean-up
  2. B. Insurers decide the fault
  3. C. The party causing pollution bears the cost of remediation
  4. D. The Government bears all costs
Answer: The party causing pollution bears the cost of remediation
Explanation: Under this principle, recognised by the Supreme Court, the polluter is liable for the cost of remedying environmental damage.
2296. The Public Liability Insurance Act 1991 provides relief to victims of accidents involving what?
  1. A. Hazardous substances
  2. B. Boat races
  3. C. Sports injuries
  4. D. Road traffic only
Answer: Hazardous substances
Explanation: The Act mandates insurance by owners handling hazardous substances to provide immediate relief to victims of accidents.
2297. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 was enacted in response to which industrial disaster?
  1. A. Seveso
  2. B. Minamata
  3. C. Chernobyl
  4. D. Bhopal gas tragedy
Answer: Bhopal gas tragedy
Explanation: The 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy led to the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 and later the Public Liability Insurance Act 1991.
2298. Which Act is the primary statute for disaster management in India, replacing earlier relief-centric Famine Codes?
  1. A. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  2. B. Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
  3. C. Indian Railways Act, 1989
  4. D. Disaster Management Act, 2005
Answer: Disaster Management Act, 2005
Explanation: The DM Act 2005 created an institutional framework for managing disasters across prevention, mitigation, response and recovery.
2299. What is the principal function of the 'Medical First Responder' under Indian Railways' accident response?
  1. A. Issue compensation cheques
  2. B. Collect tickets
  3. C. Provide immediate life-saving first aid and triage to victims
  4. D. Investigate the cause of the accident
Answer: Provide immediate life-saving first aid and triage to victims
Explanation: Medical first responders stabilise victims, start triage and arrange evacuation before specialist care.
2300. Which Ministry is the nodal ministry for drought management in India?
  1. A. Ministry of External Affairs
  2. B. Ministry of Railways
  3. C. Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
  4. D. Ministry of Defence
Answer: Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
Explanation: The Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare is the nodal ministry for drought, with the Manual for Drought Management guiding action.
2301. The Ministry of Railways is the nodal ministry under the National Disaster Management Plan for which of the following?
  1. A. Earthquakes
  2. B. Railway accidents
  3. C. Droughts
  4. D. Cyclones
Answer: Railway accidents
Explanation: Railway accidents are handled with the Ministry of Railways as the nodal ministry, supported by MHA, NDMA and NDRF as needed.
2302. The Ministry of Home Affairs functions as the nodal ministry for which type of disasters under the National Disaster Management Plan?
  1. A. Civil aviation accidents only
  2. B. Nuclear power accidents only
  3. C. Overall disaster management coordination, including natural calamities
  4. D. Railway accidents only
Answer: Overall disaster management coordination, including natural calamities
Explanation: MHA is the nodal ministry for overall disaster management and natural calamities; specific ministries (e.g., Railways for rail accidents) handle their sector.
2303. Who is the Chairperson of the National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)?
  1. A. Chief Justice of India
  2. B. Cabinet Secretary
  3. C. Defence Secretary
  4. D. Home Minister
Answer: Cabinet Secretary
Explanation: The NCMC is chaired by the Cabinet Secretary and deals with major crises with national ramifications.
2304. Which of the following is part of the definition of 'disaster management' in the DM Act 2005?
  1. A. Electoral rolls
  2. B. Recruitment of officers
  3. C. Taxation policy on railway freight
  4. D. Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster
Answer: Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster
Explanation: The definition covers planning, organising, coordinating and implementing measures for prevention, mitigation, preparedness, capacity building, response, relief and rehabilitation.
2305. Under Section 2(d) of the DM Act 2005, a disaster must be of such a nature or magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of:
  1. A. The Supreme Court
  2. B. The community of the affected area
  3. C. A railway zone
  4. D. The Prime Minister
Answer: The community of the affected area
Explanation: The definition requires a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence resulting in loss of life, suffering, property damage or environment damage beyond the coping capacity of the affected community.

2306. Under Section 2(a) of the DM Act 2005, 'affected area' means:

  1. A. Any area with a police station
  2. B. An area of a Panchayat only
  3. C. An area affected by a disaster
  4. D. An area under a railway zone
Answer: An area affected by a disaster
Explanation: Section 2(a) defines 'affected area' as an area affected by a disaster.
2307. Under Section 22 of the DM Act 2005, which body coordinates and monitors implementation of the State Plan?
  1. A. State Executive Committee
  2. B. Election Commission
  3. C. Zila Parishad
  4. D. Railway Board
Answer: State Executive Committee
Explanation: Section 22 makes the State Executive Committee responsible for coordinating and monitoring the implementation of the National and State Plans.
2308. Which of the following is an example of a 'non-structural' mitigation measure on railways?
  1. A. Raising embankment height
  2. B. Training and mock drills for staff
  3. C. Constructing a new flood-proof bridge
  4. D. Building retaining walls
Answer: Training and mock drills for staff
Explanation: Non-structural mitigation includes policies, training, drills, awareness and planning, whereas bridges, embankments and walls are structural.
2309. A Disaster Management Plan prepared by a railway division should ideally be reviewed and updated at what minimum periodic interval?
  1. A. Never
  2. B. Only after a disaster
  3. C. Every year
  4. D. Every ten years
Answer: Every year
Explanation: Disaster management plans are living documents and are reviewed and updated at least annually, besides after major events.
2310. Which National Disaster Management Guideline emphasises 'Incident Response System' roles from national to district level and was issued in 2010?
  1. A. National Disaster Management Guidelines: Incident Response System
  2. B. National Building Code
  3. C. NDRF Act
  4. D. Guidelines on Cyclone Management only
Answer: National Disaster Management Guidelines: Incident Response System
Explanation: The NDMA Guidelines on Incident Response System (2010) define roles and responsibilities for a standard incident command structure.
2311. The 'Apda Mitra' scheme of NDMA trains volunteers primarily in which local-level role?
  1. A. Election duty
  2. B. Revenue collection
  3. C. Community first responders for immediate relief and rescue
  4. D. Railway ticket checking
Answer: Community first responders for immediate relief and rescue
Explanation: Aapda Mitra trains community volunteers in flood and basic emergency response skills so they act as first responders before formal teams arrive.
2312. Which Prime Minister's initiative of 2016 gave a Ten-Point Agenda for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Asian Ministerial Conference in New Delhi?
  1. A. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
  2. B. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee
  3. C. Prime Minister I. K. Gujral
  4. D. Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Answer: Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Explanation: The Ten-Point Agenda on DRR was announced by PM Narendra Modi at AMCDRR in New Delhi on 3 November 2016.
2313. Which UN agency leads global coordination of disaster risk reduction and hosts the Sendai Framework monitor?
  1. A. UNESCO
  2. B. UNICEF
  3. C. UNHCR
  4. D. UNDRR
Answer: UNDRR
Explanation: The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), based in Geneva, coordinates Sendai Framework implementation.
2314. The immediate protective action for a person near a suspected chemical leak from a derailed tanker, in absence of expert advice, is to:
  1. A. Walk downwind to observe
  2. B. Stay in a low pit
  3. C. Enter the leak area to help
  4. D. Move upwind and uphill away from the site
Answer: Move upwind and uphill away from the site
Explanation: Heavy gases settle in low areas and drift downwind, so people should move upwind and uphill.
2315. In the context of railway security, a 'Dirty Bomb' threat is a concern under which category of disaster?
  1. A. Hydro-meteorological
  2. B. Geological
  3. C. Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
  4. D. Biological pest outbreak only
Answer: Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN)
Explanation: A dirty bomb disperses radioactive material with conventional explosives and is handled under CBRN emergency planning.
2316. Which colour band on a cylinder or label typically signals 'flammable gas' in hazard communication?
  1. A. Blue
  2. B. Green
  3. C. White
  4. D. Red
Answer: Red
Explanation: Red is the standard hazard colour for flammable materials in many hazard communication systems (e.g., UN class 2.1 label).
2317. The Hazard Information Panel and the UN four-digit number on a tank wagon primarily help responders to:
  1. A. Predict train timing
  2. B. Count passengers
  3. C. Select ticket price
  4. D. Identify the hazardous substance and apply correct response
Answer: Identify the hazardous substance and apply correct response
Explanation: The UN number identifies the hazardous material so responders can consult emergency response guides for isolation distance, PPE and firefighting.
2318. Which gas, released through a leak in a rail tanker, causes severe respiratory distress and has a characteristic smell of rotten eggs at low concentration?
  1. A. Argon
  2. B. Hydrogen sulphide
  3. C. Nitrogen
  4. D. Helium
Answer: Hydrogen sulphide
Explanation: Hydrogen sulphide smells like rotten eggs at low levels but rapidly deadens the sense of smell and is highly toxic.
2319. During a train fire, what is the correct first step for the guard or crew regarding the burning coach?
  1. A. Stop the train, isolate and detach the burning coach if feasible
  2. B. Increase speed to reach next station
  3. C. Open all doors while moving
  4. D. Ignore until the next halt
Answer: Stop the train, isolate and detach the burning coach if feasible
Explanation: Standard fire response is to stop the train, evacuate passengers, isolate or detach the affected coach to prevent spread and alert control.
2320. What is the principal purpose of an Accident Relief Train's (ART) breakdown crane on a railway accident site?
  1. A. Lifting derailed rolling stock and clearing the track
  2. B. Housing media
  3. C. Printing tickets
  4. D. Supplying drinking water
Answer: Lifting derailed rolling stock and clearing the track
Explanation: ARTs carry heavy cranes, cutting equipment and medical vans to rescue passengers, re-rail or lift stock and restore the line.

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