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1121. The Cabinet Mission arrived in India in March 1946 comprised Pethick-Lawrence, Stafford Cripps and:
- A. Archibald Wavell
- B. Clement Attlee
- C. Winston Churchill
- D. A. V. Alexander
Answer: A. V. Alexander
Explanation: The Mission proposed a three-tier federal structure.
1122. Subhas Chandra Bose took over the leadership of the Indian Independence League from Rash Behari Bose in:
- A. 1942
- B. 1943
- C. 1945
- D. 1941
Answer: 1943
Explanation: The Azad Hind Government was proclaimed in Singapore on 21 October 1943.
1123. The Indian National Army's 'Rani of Jhansi Regiment' was commanded by:
- A. Annie Besant
- B. Sarojini Naidu
- C. Aruna Asaf Ali
- D. Lakshmi Sahgal
Answer: Lakshmi Sahgal
Explanation: Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan (Sahgal) led it.
1124. Who ran the underground Congress Radio during the Quit India Movement?
- A. Aruna Asaf Ali
- B. Sarojini Naidu
- C. Usha Mehta
- D. Sucheta Kripalani
Answer: Usha Mehta
Explanation: The Secret Congress Radio began on 14 August 1942.
1125. Who led the parallel government in Ballia during the Quit India Movement?
- A. Aruna Asaf Ali
- B. Chittu Pandey
- C. Jayaprakash Narayan
- D. Usha Mehta
Answer: Chittu Pandey
Explanation: Ballia was briefly 'independent' in August 1942.
1126. The Quit India Movement resolution was passed at which place on 8 August 1942?
- A. Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay
- B. Haripura
- C. Allahabad
- D. Wardha
Answer: Gowalia Tank Maidan, Bombay
Explanation: Gandhi gave the 'Do or Die' call there on 8 August.
1127. The Dandi March ended at Dandi on:
- A. 5 April 1930
- B. 6 April 1930
- C. 8 April 1930
- D. 12 March 1930
Answer: 6 April 1930
Explanation: Gandhi picked up salt on the morning of 6 April after a 24-day march.
1128. Aditya-L1 is India's first mission to study the:
- A. Venus
- B. Sun
- C. Jupiter
- D. Moon
Answer: Sun
Explanation: It reached the Sun-Earth L1 halo orbit in January 2024.
1129. Chandrayaan-3's lander touched down near the lunar south pole on:
- A. 7 September 2019
- B. 14 July 2023
- C. 22 October 2008
- D. 23 August 2023
Answer: 23 August 2023
Explanation: The landing site was named Shiv Shakti Point.
1130. ISRO's first mission to Mars, launched in 2013, was named:
- A. Astrosat
- B. Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)
- C. Aditya-L1
- D. Chandrayaan-1
Answer: Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission)
Explanation: It entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014 on the first attempt.
1131. India's first indigenous nuclear submarine INS Arihant is of which class?
- A. Arihant-class SSBN
- B. Akula-class
- C. Scorpene-class
- D. Kilo-class
Answer: Arihant-class SSBN
Explanation: INS Arihant is India's first indigenous nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN), inducted in 2016.
1132. The first nuclear power plant of India is at:
- A. Narora
- B. Kalpakkam
- C. Tarapur
- D. Kakrapar
Answer: Tarapur
Explanation: Tarapur began in 1969 with boiling water reactors.
1133. Saffron cultivation in India is concentrated in:
- A. Darjeeling
- B. Idukki
- C. Coorg
- D. Pampore, Kashmir
Answer: Pampore, Kashmir
Explanation: Kashmir saffron has a GI tag.
1134. India is the world's largest producer of which spice?
- A. Vanilla
- B. Turmeric
- C. Saffron
- D. Clove
Answer: Turmeric
Explanation: Telangana and Maharashtra are major turmeric states.
1135. Which State leads in the production of cotton in India?
- A. Punjab
- B. Telangana
- C. Gujarat
- D. Maharashtra
Answer: Gujarat
Explanation: Gujarat and Maharashtra lead; black soil suits cotton.
1136. The largest producer of sugarcane in India is:
- A. Maharashtra
- B. Tamil Nadu
- C. Uttar Pradesh
- D. Karnataka
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: UP accounts for nearly 40% of national cane production.
1137. Which State is the largest producer of wheat in India?
- A. Madhya Pradesh
- B. Punjab
- C. Haryana
- D. Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: UP leads in area and output, followed by MP and Punjab.
1138. The Farakka Barrage was built mainly to:
- A. Control Brahmaputra floods
- B. Divert Ganga water to the Hooghly to flush silt at Kolkata port
- C. Supply Delhi
- D. Generate power
Answer: Divert Ganga water to the Hooghly to flush silt at Kolkata port
Explanation: A 1996 treaty governs water sharing with Bangladesh.
1139. The Indira Gandhi Canal draws water from:
- A. Tungabhadra
- B. Hirakud
- C. Harike Barrage (Sutlej-Beas confluence)
- D. Farakka
Answer: Harike Barrage (Sutlej-Beas confluence)
Explanation: It irrigates the Thar desert districts of Rajasthan.
1140. Bhakra Nangal Dam is built on the river:
- A. Ravi
- B. Sutlej
- C. Chenab
- D. Beas
Answer: Sutlej
Explanation: Gobind Sagar reservoir forms behind it in Himachal Pradesh.
1141. The Tehri Dam, the tallest in India, is on the river:
- A. Bhagirathi
- B. Sutlej
- C. Yamuna
- D. Alaknanda
Answer: Bhagirathi
Explanation: Height is about 260 m in Uttarakhand.
1142. The Hirakud Dam is built across the river:
- A. Brahmani
- B. Godavari
- C. Subarnarekha
- D. Mahanadi
Answer: Mahanadi
Explanation: One of the world's longest earthen dams, in Odisha.
1143. The Linganamakki reservoir in Karnataka is built on which river?
- A. Krishna
- B. Sharavathi
- C. Kaveri
- D. Tungabhadra
Answer: Sharavathi
Explanation: Linganamakki dam on the Sharavathi feeds Jog Falls' hydel project.
1144. Which Union Territory was formed by merging Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu in 2020?
- A. Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
- B. Lakshadweep
- C. Chandigarh
- D. Puducherry
Answer: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
Explanation: The merger took effect on 26 January 2020.
1145. Telangana became India's 29th State in:
- A. 2011
- B. 2014
- C. 2019
- D. 2000
Answer: 2014
Explanation: Formed on 2 June 2014 from Andhra Pradesh.
1146. The States Reorganisation Act came into effect on:
- A. 1 November 1956
- B. 26 January 1950
- C. 15 August 1953
- D. 1 May 1960
Answer: 1 November 1956
Explanation: It created 14 States and 6 Union Territories.
1147. Which State was the first to be formed on a linguistic basis in 1953?
- A. Gujarat
- B. Andhra State
- C. Kerala
- D. Maharashtra
Answer: Andhra State
Explanation: Potti Sriramulu's fast unto death in 1952 triggered it.
1148. Which is the smallest State of India by area?
- A. Sikkim
- B. Manipur
- C. Tripura
- D. Goa
Answer: Goa
Explanation: Goa covers 3,702 sq km.
1149. Which Indian State has the maximum number of districts as of the 2020s?
- A. Rajasthan
- B. Uttar Pradesh
- C. Madhya Pradesh
- D. Bihar
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Explanation: Uttar Pradesh has 75 districts.
1150. The concept of the 'Concurrent List' in the Indian Constitution was borrowed from:
- A. USA
- B. Canada
- C. Ireland
- D. Australia
Answer: Australia
Explanation: Also freedom of trade (Article 301) from Australia.
1151. The Preamble was amended only once so far, by the:
- A. 1st Amendment
- B. 44th Amendment
- C. 24th Amendment
- D. 42nd Amendment
Answer: 42nd Amendment
Explanation: The Berubari case held the Preamble is not a part; Kesavananda held it is.
1152. Who was the Constitutional Advisor to the Constituent Assembly?
- A. B. N. Rau
- B. Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer
- C. S. N. Mukherjee
- D. H. V. R. Iyengar
Answer: B. N. Rau
Explanation: B. N. Rau prepared the initial draft.
1153. The Objectives Resolution was moved in the Constituent Assembly by:
- A. Rajendra Prasad
- B. Jawaharlal Nehru
- C. Sardar Patel
- D. B. R. Ambedkar
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: Moved on 13 December 1946; adopted on 22 January 1947.
1154. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949 and took how long to be drafted?
- A. 3 years
- B. 2 years
- C. 4 years
- D. 2 years 11 months 18 days
Answer: 2 years 11 months 18 days
Explanation: The Assembly held 11 sessions across 165 days.
1155. Who was the Constituent Assembly's Drafting Committee Chairman?
- A. Rajendra Prasad
- B. B. R. Ambedkar
- C. K. M. Munshi
- D. B. N. Rau
Answer: B. R. Ambedkar
Explanation: The committee was formed on 29 August 1947 with seven members.
1156. Who chaired the Boundary Commission that drew the Radcliffe Line?
- A. Lord Mountbatten
- B. Stafford Cripps
- C. Cyril Radcliffe
- D. Pethick-Lawrence
Answer: Cyril Radcliffe
Explanation: The Line was announced on 17 August 1947.
1157. The Indian Independence Act 1947 received royal assent on:
- A. 15 August 1947
- B. 20 February 1947
- C. 18 July 1947
- D. 3 June 1947
Answer: 18 July 1947
Explanation: The Act created India and Pakistan from 15 August 1947.
1158. Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?
- A. C. Rajagopalachari
- B. Lord Wavell
- C. Lord Linlithgow
- D. Lord Mountbatten
Answer: Lord Mountbatten
Explanation: C. Rajagopalachari became the first Indian and last Governor-General in 1948.
1159. Ranjit Singh's Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was signed with:
- A. The British (Metcalfe)
- B. The French
- C. The Afghans
- D. The Marathas
Answer: The British (Metcalfe)
Explanation: It fixed the Sutlej as the boundary of Ranjit Singh's domain.
1160. The Khalsa Panth was founded by Guru Gobind Singh in:
- A. 1604
- B. 1699
- C. 1675
- D. 1708
Answer: 1699
Explanation: On Baisakhi at Anandpur Sahib.
1161. Which Sikh Guru compiled the Adi Granth?
- A. Guru Gobind Singh
- B. Guru Nanak
- C. Guru Arjan Dev
- D. Guru Ram Das
Answer: Guru Arjan Dev
Explanation: Compiled in 1604; Guru Arjan was executed under Jahangir in 1606.
1162. The Portuguese traveller Domingo Paes described which Vijayanagara ruler's court?
- A. Deva Raya I
- B. Krishnadevaraya
- C. Harihara I
- D. Rama Raya
Answer: Krishnadevaraya
Explanation: Paes visited around 1520 CE.
1163. The foreign traveller Abdur Razzaq visited Vijayanagara during the reign of:
- A. Krishnadevaraya
- B. Achyuta Raya
- C. Harihara II
- D. Deva Raya II
Answer: Deva Raya II
Explanation: He came as a Timurid ambassador (1443).
1164. Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336?
- A. Harihara I and Bukka I
- B. Deva Raya II
- C. Krishnadevaraya
- D. Narasimha Saluva
Answer: Harihara I and Bukka I
Explanation: The brothers founded the Sangama dynasty.
1165. The Mahabalipuram Shore Temple was built during the reign of:
- A. Mahendravarman I
- B. Narasimhavarman I
- C. Nandivarman II
- D. Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha)
Answer: Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha)
Explanation: The Shore temple (c. 700-728 CE) is a structural Pallava temple.
1166. The Vikramshila University was founded by which Pala king?
- A. Mahipala I
- B. Gopala
- C. Devapala
- D. Dharmapala
Answer: Dharmapala
Explanation: Dharmapala founded it in Bhagalpur, Bihar.
1167. The Nalanda University was destroyed by whose forces around 1193 CE?
- A. Qutbuddin Aibak
- B. Mahmud of Ghazni
- C. Muhammad of Ghor personally
- D. Bakhtiyar Khalji
Answer: Bakhtiyar Khalji
Explanation: Bakhtiyar Khalji sacked Nalanda and Vikramshila.
1168. Which Chola ruler sent a naval expedition against the Srivijaya empire?
- A. Aditya I
- B. Kulottunga I
- C. Rajendra I
- D. Rajaraja I
Answer: Rajendra I
Explanation: Rajendra I attacked Kadaram (Kedah) around 1025 CE.
1169. The Sanskrit grammar 'Ashtadhyayi' was composed by:
- A. Patanjali
- B. Katyayana
- C. Yaska
- D. Panini
Answer: Panini
Explanation: Panini (c. 5th-4th century BCE) composed about 4,000 sutras.
1170. Varahamihira's 'Panchasiddhantika' is a treatise on:
- A. Medicine
- B. Grammar
- C. Polity
- D. Astronomy
Answer: Astronomy
Explanation: It summarises five earlier astronomical siddhantas; he also wrote 'Brihat Samhita'.
1171. Which Gupta-era astronomer-mathematician authored the 'Aryabhatiya' in 499 CE?
- A. Bhaskara I
- B. Aryabhata
- C. Varahamihira
- D. Brahmagupta
Answer: Aryabhata
Explanation: Aryabhata (b. 476 CE) wrote it at Kusumapura; he proposed Earth's rotation.
1172. The None of the Above (NOTA) option was introduced in the EVMs following a Supreme Court judgment in:
- A. PUCL v. Union of India, 2013
- B. Union of India v. ADR, 2002
- C. Lily Thomas, 2013
- D. Mohinder Singh Gill, 1978
Answer: PUCL v. Union of India, 2013
Explanation: NOTA was first used in the 2013 state elections.
1173. The Anti-Defection law's Tenth Schedule assigns the power to decide disqualification to:
- A. Election Commission
- B. Presiding Officer of the House
- C. Supreme Court
- D. President
Answer: Presiding Officer of the House
Explanation: The Kihoto Hollohan case (1992) held this subject to judicial review.
1174. Article 370 was abrogated through a Presidential Order in:
- A. August 2019
- B. March 2020
- C. January 2019
- D. October 2018
Answer: August 2019
Explanation: The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 created two UTs from 31 October 2019.
1175. Article 340 provides for appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of:
- A. Minorities
- B. Socially and educationally backward classes
- C. Scheduled Tribes
- D. Women
Answer: Socially and educationally backward classes
Explanation: The Kalelkar and Mandal Commissions were set up under it.
1176. The National Commission for Scheduled Castes was made a constitutional body under Article:
- A. 342
- B. 339
- C. 338
- D. 340
Answer: 338
Explanation: The 89th Amendment (2003) split the earlier joint commission; Article 338A covers STs.
1177. The Consumer Protection Act currently in force in India was enacted in:
- A. 2019
- B. 2015
- C. 2002
- D. 1986
Answer: 2019
Explanation: It created the Central Consumer Protection Authority.
1178. The National Human Rights Commission was established under the Protection of Human Rights Act in:
- A. 2005
- B. 1993
- C. 1986
- D. 2000
Answer: 1993
Explanation: Its first chairperson was Justice Ranganath Misra.
1179. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act was passed in:
- A. 2010
- B. 2013
- C. 2005
- D. 2001
Answer: 2005
Explanation: It came into force on 26 October 2006.
1180. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act was enacted in:
- A. 2005
- B. 2012
- C. 2009
- D. 2015
Answer: 2012
Explanation: POCSO defines a child as any person below 18.
1181. The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 was amended in 2018 to make which act an offence?
- A. Accepting hospitality
- B. Resignation
- C. Receiving a gift of any value
- D. Giving a bribe
Answer: Giving a bribe
Explanation: The 2018 amendment criminalised bribe-giving and corporate liability.
1182. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 was first enacted for:
- A. Mizoram
- B. Jammu and Kashmir
- C. Naga Hills area and Manipur/Assam
- D. Punjab
Answer: Naga Hills area and Manipur/Assam
Explanation: It was applied to the Naga Hills in 1958.
1183. The Delhi Special Police Establishment Act under which the CBI functions was enacted in:
- A. 1975
- B. 1985
- C. 1963
- D. 1946
Answer: 1946
Explanation: CBI was formed in 1963 from the Special Police Establishment.
1184. The Central Vigilance Commission was given statutory status by an Act in:
- A. 1964
- B. 1998
- C. 2013
- D. 2003
Answer: 2003
Explanation: CVC was set up in 1964 on the Santhanam Committee's recommendation.
1185. The Administrative Reforms Commission (1966) was first headed by:
- A. Veerappa Moily
- B. K. Hanumanthaiya
- C. Morarji Desai
- D. B. R. Ambedkar
Answer: Morarji Desai
Explanation: Morarji Desai headed it; K. Hanumanthaiya took over after Desai became Deputy PM.
1186. The Punchhi Commission (2007) was constituted to review:
- A. Centre-State relations
- B. Education
- C. Police reforms
- D. Tax structure
Answer: Centre-State relations
Explanation: Justice M. M. Punchhi headed it.
1187. The Sarkaria Commission examined:
- A. Administrative reforms
- B. Electoral reforms
- C. Centre-State relations
- D. Judicial appointments
Answer: Centre-State relations
Explanation: Set up in 1983; submitted its report in 1988.
1188. Which Amendment removed the exemption for a one-third split of a legislature party in the anti-defection law, leaving only 'merger' as the exception?
- A. 91st Amendment, 2003
- B. 42nd Amendment
- C. 52nd Amendment, 1985
- D. 73rd Amendment
Answer: 91st Amendment, 2003
Explanation: The 91st Amendment omitted the one-third split exemption in the Tenth Schedule.
1189. The 101st Amendment Act inserted which Article into the Constitution to create the GST Council?
- A. Article 246A
- B. Article 279A
- C. Article 269A
- D. Article 366(12A)
Answer: Article 279A
Explanation: Article 279A creates the GST Council chaired by the Union Finance Minister.
1190. The 86th Amendment Act, 2002 made which right a Fundamental Right?
- A. Right to information
- B. Free education for children aged 6-14
- C. Right to food
- D. Right to work
Answer: Free education for children aged 6-14
Explanation: Article 21A; the RTE Act followed in 2009.
1191. Which Amendment added the words 'Socialist', 'Secular' and 'Integrity' to the Preamble?
- A. 61st Amendment
- B. 42nd Amendment
- C. 52nd Amendment
- D. 44th Amendment
Answer: 42nd Amendment
Explanation: It is called the 'Mini-Constitution'.
1192. The right to property was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights by the:
- A. 42nd Amendment
- B. 25th Amendment
- C. 44th Amendment, 1978
- D. 1st Amendment
Answer: 44th Amendment, 1978
Explanation: It became a legal right under Article 300A.
1193. Which Constitutional Amendment abolished the Privy Purses of former princely rulers?
- A. 25th Amendment
- B. 24th Amendment
- C. 26th Amendment, 1971
- D. 31st Amendment
Answer: 26th Amendment, 1971
Explanation: The 26th Amendment inserted Article 363A.
1194. The Rani ki Vav stepwell in Patan, Gujarat was built under the:
- A. Solanki dynasty
- B. Chalukyas of Badami
- C. Vaghelas
- D. Gurjara-Pratiharas
Answer: Solanki dynasty
Explanation: Built by Queen Udayamati in memory of Bhimdev I; UNESCO site since 2014.
1195. Which Indian city was named a UNESCO World Heritage City in 2017?
- A. Ahmedabad
- B. Mysuru
- C. Varanasi
- D. Jaipur
Answer: Ahmedabad
Explanation: Ahmedabad's historic walled city was inscribed in July 2017; Jaipur followed in 2019.
1196. UNESCO's list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity includes which Indian tradition added in 2008?
- A. Ramlila
- B. Garba
- C. Durga Puja
- D. Kumbh Mela
Answer: Ramlila
Explanation: Ramlila was inscribed in 2008; Kumbh in 2017, Durga Puja in 2021, Garba in 2023.
1197. The Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb is often associated with the culture of:
- A. Ladakh
- B. Konkan
- C. Awadh (Lucknow)
- D. Malabar
Answer: Awadh (Lucknow)
Explanation: It refers to the composite Hindu-Muslim culture of north India.
1198. Which festival is celebrated at the beginning of the harvest season in Kerala?
- A. Pongal
- B. Baisakhi
- C. Bihu
- D. Onam
Answer: Onam
Explanation: Onam falls in Chingam; the Vallamkali boat race is a highlight.
1199. Kalamkari art is associated with:
- A. Andhra Pradesh
- B. Gujarat
- C. Punjab
- D. Rajasthan
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: Srikalahasti and Machilipatnam styles.
1200. Warli painting is traditional to the tribal community of:
- A. Gujarat desert
- B. Chhattisgarh
- C. Assam
- D. Maharashtra (Thane/Palghar region)
Answer: Maharashtra (Thane/Palghar region)
Explanation: Uses white pigment on mud walls with geometric shapes.