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2001. Under Section 356 BNSS, before proceeding with trial in absentia, which of the following is NOT required?
- A. Framing of charge by the court
- B. Issue of two successive arrest warrants at least thirty days apart
- C. Publication in a national or local daily newspaper
- D. The accused's own written consent to be tried in absentia
Answer: The accused's own written consent to be tried in absentia
Explanation: Trial in absentia is only for a proclaimed offender, who has absconded, so his consent cannot be required. The court must frame charge, issue two warrants at least 30 days apart and publicise.
2002. Under the BNSS provisions on tender of pardon to an accomplice, who can tender pardon at any stage of the investigation or inquiry into or trial of the offence?
- A. The investigating officer
- B. The Superintendent of Police
- C. Any police officer above the rank of Inspector
- D. A Chief Judicial Magistrate
Answer: A Chief Judicial Magistrate
Explanation: A CJM may tender pardon at any stage of investigation/inquiry/trial; a first-class Magistrate may do so at the inquiry or trial stage, on condition of making a full and true disclosure.
2003. Under Section 360 BNSS (CrPC 321), before the court permits the Public Prosecutor to withdraw from prosecution, BNSS additionally requires the court to:
- A. Hold a public hearing
- B. Seek the consent of the police station
- C. Obtain the opinion of the Bar Council
- D. Give the victim an opportunity of being heard
Answer: Give the victim an opportunity of being heard
Explanation: BNSS 360 proviso: no Court shall allow withdrawal without giving the victim an opportunity of being heard. This reflects the victim-centric approach.
2004. Section 348 BNSS (CrPC 311) empowers a court to:
- A. Summon any person as a witness, examine any person present, or recall and re-examine a person already examined, if the evidence appears essential to the just decision of the case
- B. Dismiss a case without evidence
- C. Change the venue of trial
- D. Grant bail only
Answer: Summon any person as a witness, examine any person present, or recall and re-examine a person already examined, if the evidence appears essential to the just decision of the case
Explanation: Section 348 BNSS is a wide discretionary power to summon, examine or recall any person whose evidence is essential for a just decision.
2005. Under Section 353 BNSS (CrPC 315), an accused who offers himself as a witness in his own defence:
- A. Gives evidence without oath
- B. Gives evidence only on his own request in writing, and failure to give evidence shall not be made the subject of any comment by the prosecution or the court
- C. Can be compelled to give evidence
- D. Cannot be cross-examined
Answer: Gives evidence only on his own request in writing, and failure to give evidence shall not be made the subject of any comment by the prosecution or the court
Explanation: An accused is a competent witness only on his own request in writing; no comment or presumption arises from his silence.
2006. Under Section 351 BNSS (CrPC 313), when the court questions the accused to enable him to explain circumstances appearing in the evidence, the accused:
- A. Must answer on oath
- B. Must answer only through counsel
- C. Is liable to contempt for silence
- D. Is not administered an oath and incurs no punishment for refusing or giving false answers
Answer: Is not administered an oath and incurs no punishment for refusing or giving false answers
Explanation: Under Section 351 BNSS the accused's examination is unsworn and refusal or false answers attract no penalty, though the answers can be taken into consideration in the inquiry or trial.
2007. Under Section 262 BNSS (CrPC 239), in a warrant-case instituted on a police report, the Magistrate may discharge the accused if, after considering the report and documents and giving an opportunity of being heard:
- A. The complainant withdraws orally
- B. The accused pays a fine
- C. He considers the charge against the accused to be groundless, recording his reasons
- D. The police request an adjournment
Answer: He considers the charge against the accused to be groundless, recording his reasons
Explanation: Section 262 BNSS (CrPC 239) allows discharge where the charge is groundless, with reasons recorded after hearing both sides.
2008. Under Section 251 BNSS (CrPC 228), after hearing the parties in a sessions case, if the Judge is of opinion that there is ground for presuming that the accused has committed an offence not exclusively triable by the Court of Session, he may:
- A. Refer it to the High Court
- B. Always try it himself
- C. Frame a charge and transfer the case to the Chief Judicial Magistrate or a Magistrate of the first class for trial
- D. Discharge the accused
Answer: Frame a charge and transfer the case to the Chief Judicial Magistrate or a Magistrate of the first class for trial
Explanation: Section 251 BNSS lets the Sessions Judge frame a charge and transfer the case for trial to the CJM or a first-class Magistrate when the offence is not exclusively triable by Sessions.
2009. Under Section 250 BNSS (CrPC 227), an application for discharge in a sessions case must be filed within how many days from the date of commitment?
- A. Thirty days
- B. Ninety days
- C. Sixty days
- D. Fourteen days
Answer: Sixty days
Explanation: BNSS Section 250 prescribes a 60-day period from commitment for the accused's discharge application, and the Judge must decide within 60 days of the first hearing on charge in later steps.
2010. Under Section 228 BNSS (CrPC 205), a Magistrate issuing summons may dispense with the personal attendance of the accused and permit appearance by:
- A. A family member without authority
- B. His employer
- C. His advocate
- D. A police constable
Answer: His advocate
Explanation: If a Magistrate sees reason, he may dispense with personal attendance and permit the accused to appear by advocate, though he can later direct personal attendance.
2011. Under Section 226 BNSS (CrPC 203), if the Magistrate, after considering the complaint and statements, finds no sufficient ground for proceeding, he shall:
- A. Convict the accused summarily
- B. Transfer the matter to Sessions
- C. Dismiss the complaint, recording his brief reasons for so doing
- D. Issue a non-bailable warrant
Answer: Dismiss the complaint, recording his brief reasons for so doing
Explanation: Dismissal under Section 226 BNSS requires brief reasons in writing; the complainant may still approach the revisional court.
2012. Under Section 225 BNSS (CrPC 202), if the accused is residing at a place beyond the area in which the Magistrate exercises jurisdiction, the Magistrate, before issuing process on a complaint, must:
- A. Issue summons immediately
- B. Inquire into the case himself or direct an investigation by a police officer or other person to decide whether there is sufficient ground for proceeding
- C. Transfer the case to the High Court
- D. Dismiss the complaint
Answer: Inquire into the case himself or direct an investigation by a police officer or other person to decide whether there is sufficient ground for proceeding
Explanation: Section 225 makes inquiry or investigation mandatory where the accused resides beyond the Magistrate's jurisdiction, to guard against false complaints.
2013. Under Section 215 BNSS (CrPC 195), a court shall not take cognizance of the offence of absconding to avoid service of a summons or disobeying an order promulgated by a public servant except on:
- A. An oral complaint of any person
- B. Suo motu by the High Court only
- C. A written complaint of the public servant concerned or of a public servant to whom he is administratively subordinate
- D. A police report only
Answer: A written complaint of the public servant concerned or of a public servant to whom he is administratively subordinate
Explanation: Section 215 BNSS bars cognizance of contempt-of-lawful-authority offences (BNS ss. 206-210 range) without a written complaint of the public servant concerned or his administrative superior.
2014. Under Section 213 BNSS (CrPC 193), a Court of Session cannot take cognizance of any offence as a court of original jurisdiction unless:
- A. The Superintendent of Police requests it
- B. The accused applies directly
- C. The informant files a petition
- D. The case has been committed to it by a Magistrate
Answer: The case has been committed to it by a Magistrate
Explanation: A Court of Session is not a court of original cognizance unless the Code or any other law expressly provides; the usual route is commitment by a Magistrate.
2015. Under Section 208 BNSS (CrPC 188), an offence committed by a citizen of India outside India may be dealt with as if committed at any place in India where he is found. For inquiry or trial of such an offence, previous sanction is required of:
- A. The State Government
- B. The Supreme Court
- C. The Central Government
- D. The District Magistrate
Answer: The Central Government
Explanation: Section 208 BNSS requires the Central Government's previous sanction before inquiry or trial of an offence committed outside India by a citizen (or on a ship or aircraft registered in India).
2016. Under Section 199 BNSS (CrPC 179), when an act is an offence by reason of something done and a consequence that ensues, the offence may be inquired into and tried by a Court within whose jurisdiction:
- A. Only where the consequence ensued
- B. Such thing was done or such consequence ensued
- C. Only where the thing was done
- D. Only the High Court
Answer: Such thing was done or such consequence ensued
Explanation: Section 199 BNSS gives concurrent territorial jurisdiction to the court of the place of the act as well as of the place where the consequence ensued.
2017. Under Section 197 BNSS (CrPC 177), every offence shall ordinarily be inquired into and tried by a Court within whose local jurisdiction:
- A. The informant resides
- B. The accused was born
- C. It was committed
- D. The Superintendent of Police is posted
Answer: It was committed
Explanation: The general rule in Section 197 BNSS is the place where the offence was committed; the following sections (198-202) deal with exceptions such as continuing offences and offences committed during journeys.
2018. Under Section 105 BNSS, a copy of the audio-video recording of the search and seizure must be sent forthwith to:
- A. The nearest Revenue Officer
- B. The District Magistrate, Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class
- C. The Bar Association
- D. The Superintendent of Police alone
Answer: The District Magistrate, Sub-Divisional Magistrate or Judicial Magistrate of the first class
Explanation: BNSS 105 requires the recording (preferably by mobile phone) of the process of search and seizure and its forthwith submission to the District Magistrate, SDM or JMFC.
2019. A cognizable case is registered at Police Station A. The offence occurred within the jurisdiction of Police Station B in another State. What is the correct BNSS practice?
- A. Wait for an order of the High Court
- B. Register only if the offence is punishable with death
- C. Refuse registration and direct the informant to Station B
- D. Register the FIR (zero FIR) and transmit it to the jurisdictional police station for investigation
Answer: Register the FIR (zero FIR) and transmit it to the jurisdictional police station for investigation
Explanation: Section 173(1) BNSS expressly permits registration of information irrespective of the area where the offence is committed (zero FIR), to be transferred within 24 hours (as per the Code rules/practice) to the competent station.
2020. Section 193(3)(ii) BNSS requires the police officer to inform the progress of investigation to the informant or victim within:
- A. Fifteen days
- B. Ninety days, including by electronic communication
- C. One hundred and eighty days
- D. Thirty days
Answer: Ninety days, including by electronic communication
Explanation: BNSS requires the police to inform the informant/victim of the progress of investigation within ninety days, in any mode including electronic communication.
2021. Which provision of the BNSS makes the 'trial in absentia' of a proclaimed offender possible, and after how many days from framing of charge may it begin?
- A. Section 87; immediately on proclamation
- B. Section 356; after ninety days from the framing of charge
- C. Section 356; after thirty days from the framing of charge
- D. Section 84; after sixty days from summons
Answer: Section 356; after ninety days from the framing of charge
Explanation: Section 356 BNSS permits the trial of a proclaimed offender in his absence after the court frames charge and 90 days have passed from the framing, after notices by registered post/electronic means and publicity.
2022. Section 179 BNSS (CrPC 160) exempts which categories of persons from being required to attend at any place other than their residence for police questioning?
- A. Only government servants
- B. Only women
- C. Only persons above 80 years
- D. Male persons under 15 or above 60, women, and persons with mental or physical disability or acute illness
Answer: Male persons under 15 or above 60, women, and persons with mental or physical disability or acute illness
Explanation: Section 179 BNSS adds persons above 60 and those with disability or acute illness to the CrPC list of those who may be questioned at their residence.
2023. Under Section 194 BNSS (CrPC 174), when a woman dies by suicide within seven years of her marriage, or her death is reasonably suspected to be caused by another, the police officer shall forward the body for post-mortem and inform:
- A. The Election Commission
- B. The nearest Executive Magistrate who is empowered to hold the inquest
- C. The Chief Justice of the High Court
- D. The nearest military unit
Answer: The nearest Executive Magistrate who is empowered to hold the inquest
Explanation: In unnatural death cases the police immediately inform the nearest empowered Executive Magistrate; for a woman's death within seven years of marriage, the post-mortem and a Magistrate-led inquest are mandatory.
2024. Section 191 BNSS (CrPC 171) provides that complainants and witnesses shall not be required to accompany a police officer to a Magistrate, and shall not be:
- A. Paid any money by the police
- B. Allowed to inspect the case diary
- C. Subjected to unnecessary restraint or inconvenience, or required to give any security for their appearance other than their own bond
- D. Allowed to give evidence in court
Answer: Subjected to unnecessary restraint or inconvenience, or required to give any security for their appearance other than their own bond
Explanation: The section protects complainants/witnesses from unnecessary restraint and from being required to furnish security other than their own bond; if they refuse to attend, the officer may forward them in custody.
2025. Under Section 189 BNSS (CrPC 169), if, upon investigation, there is not sufficient evidence to justify forwarding the accused to a Magistrate, the officer in charge shall:
- A. Release him on a bond, with or without sureties, to appear before a Magistrate when required
- B. Transfer the accused to the Sessions Court
- C. Close the case without any record
- D. Keep him in custody for 90 days
Answer: Release him on a bond, with or without sureties, to appear before a Magistrate when required
Explanation: Section 189 BNSS provides release on bond (with or without sureties) when evidence is deficient, and the Magistrate empowered to take cognizance may be required to be attended as directed.
2026. Section 188 BNSS (CrPC 168) deals with:
- A. Recording of confessions
- B. Medical examination of the accused
- C. Procedure for search of a place
- D. Report of investigation by a subordinate police officer to the officer in charge of the police station
Answer: Report of investigation by a subordinate police officer to the officer in charge of the police station
Explanation: Section 188 BNSS requires a subordinate officer making an investigation to report the result to the officer in charge, who passes on the report.
2027. Section 186 BNSS (CrPC 166) allows an officer in charge of a police station to require another officer in charge to cause a search in a place within that other officer's jurisdiction when:
- A. Only for offences punishable with death
- B. Only after Magistrate's written order in all cases
- C. Whenever he wishes, without any reason
- D. He has reason to believe that a search in his own limits cannot be done without delay and thereby evidence may be lost
Answer: He has reason to believe that a search in his own limits cannot be done without delay and thereby evidence may be lost
Explanation: Section 186 lets the officer request a search by another station's officer in writing when delay would risk loss of evidence; the requested officer must comply and forward the result.
2028. Under Section 184 BNSS, the registered medical practitioner who examines the rape victim must forward the report to the investigating officer within:
- A. Seven days
- B. Thirty days
- C. Twenty-four hours
- D. Fifteen days
Answer: Seven days
Explanation: The BNSS 184 report is forwarded to the investigating officer within seven days, who forwards it to the Magistrate along with the investigation record.
2029. Under Section 184 BNSS (CrPC 164A), the medical examination of a rape victim must be conducted by a registered medical practitioner within what time of receipt of information?
- A. Seventy-two hours
- B. Twenty-four hours
- C. Seven days
- D. Forty-eight hours
Answer: Twenty-four hours
Explanation: Section 184 BNSS requires examination within 24 hours of receipt of information, with the woman's consent (or that of a person competent to consent), and the report to be sent to the investigating officer within seven days.
2030. Section 182 BNSS (CrPC 163) prohibits a police officer from:
- A. Questioning any witness at night
- B. Offering or making any inducement, threat or promise to a person to prevent him from disclosing facts
- C. Visiting the crime scene without the Magistrate
- D. Recording audio-visual statements
Answer: Offering or making any inducement, threat or promise to a person to prevent him from disclosing facts
Explanation: No police officer or authority may offer or make, or cause to be offered or made, any inducement, threat or promise as per the Evidence law to dissuade disclosure of facts; this protects voluntariness of statements.
2031. When a police officer investigates a non-cognizable case under a Magistrate's order, he has all the powers of an officer in charge of a police station in a cognizable case, except:
- A. The power to examine witnesses
- B. The power to arrest without warrant
- C. The power to record statements
- D. The power to search with warrant
Answer: The power to arrest without warrant
Explanation: Such an officer may investigate but cannot arrest without warrant, since the case remains non-cognizable.
2032. In a non-cognizable case, Section 174 BNSS requires the officer in charge of a police station to:
- A. Enter the substance of the information in a prescribed book and refer the informant to the Magistrate
- B. Immediately arrest the accused without warrant
- C. Register an FIR as a cognizable case
- D. Start investigation without any order
Answer: Enter the substance of the information in a prescribed book and refer the informant to the Magistrate
Explanation: Section 174 BNSS: for a non-cognizable offence, the substance is entered in a book, the informant is referred to the Magistrate, and no investigation is made without the Magistrate's order.
2033. Under Section 173(2) BNSS, a copy of the information as recorded must be given to the informant:
- A. Forthwith and free of cost
- B. Only through the Magistrate
- C. After the chargesheet is filed
- D. On payment of a prescribed fee
Answer: Forthwith and free of cost
Explanation: The informant receives a copy of the FIR forthwith and free of cost under the BNSS (CrPC 154(2) scheme).
2034. If the woman victim in a Section 173(1) proviso case is temporarily or permanently mentally or physically disabled, the information is recorded:
- A. Only after a medical board certifies her
- B. Only in the Magistrate's chamber
- C. Only at the police station in the presence of the Station House Officer
- D. At her residence or a place of her choice, in presence of an interpreter or special educator, with video recording
Answer: At her residence or a place of her choice, in presence of an interpreter or special educator, with video recording
Explanation: The proviso lets the information be recorded at the victim's residence or a convenient place of her choice, with an interpreter/special educator, and the recording is to be video-graphed.
2035. Under the first proviso to Section 173(1) BNSS, information about rape-type offences against a woman (BNS ss. 64-71) must be recorded by whom?
- A. Any male Inspector
- B. A village chowkidar
- C. A woman police officer or any woman officer
- D. The Magistrate in all cases
Answer: A woman police officer or any woman officer
Explanation: Section 173(1) proviso requires that information given by a woman against whom specified sexual offences are committed or attempted be recorded by a woman police officer or any woman officer.
2036. Under Section 468 BNSS (CrPC 428), the period of detention undergone by an accused during investigation, inquiry or trial is set off against the sentence of imprisonment. The set-off does NOT apply to:
- A. A sentence of rigorous imprisonment for three years
- B. Imprisonment in default of payment of fine
- C. A sentence for an offence under a special statute
- D. A sentence of simple imprisonment for six months
Answer: Imprisonment in default of payment of fine
Explanation: Section 468 BNSS gives set-off for the period of detention against a sentence of imprisonment, but excludes imprisonment ordered in default of payment of fine.
2037. Section 172 BNSS, a newly added provision, requires every person to:
- A. Carry an identity card at all times
- B. Report all offences within 24 hours
- C. Conform to the lawful directions given by a police officer in the discharge of his duties
- D. Pay a levy to police welfare funds
Answer: Conform to the lawful directions given by a police officer in the discharge of his duties
Explanation: BNSS 172 makes it obligatory for every person to obey lawful directions of a police officer given to prevent offences/obstruction; a person refusing may be detained and later released, subject to the Code.
2038. Under Section 170 BNSS (CrPC 151), a police officer arresting without warrant to prevent a cognizable offence may detain the arrestee for how long, unless required or authorised under any other law?
- A. Fifteen days
- B. Seven days
- C. Not more than twenty-four hours
- D. Forty-eight hours
Answer: Not more than twenty-four hours
Explanation: A preventive arrest under Section 170 BNSS requires reasonable belief that the offence cannot otherwise be prevented, and detention cannot exceed 24 hours unless required or authorised under another law.
2039. Section 94 BNSS (CrPC 91) empowers a court or officer in charge of a police station to summon production of a document or thing. BNSS expressly extends 'document or other thing' to include:
- A. Only government files
- B. Only paper records
- C. Only bank passbooks
- D. Electronic communication, including communication devices likely to contain digital evidence
Answer: Electronic communication, including communication devices likely to contain digital evidence
Explanation: BNSS 94 updates the CrPC 91 summons to produce by expressly including electronic communication and communication devices likely to contain digital evidence.
2040. Under Section 64(2) BNSS, a summons issued by a court may be served by electronic communication. Such a summons must bear:
- A. The image of the seal of the Court or the digital signature of the presiding officer
- B. The thumb impression of the accused
- C. The signature of the Public Prosecutor
- D. The seal of the police station
Answer: The image of the seal of the Court or the digital signature of the presiding officer
Explanation: Section 64(2) BNSS validates electronic service of summons, which shall bear the image of the court's seal or the digital signature of the presiding officer.
2041. Section 78 BNSS (CrPC 76) requires a person arrested under a warrant to be brought before the Court without unnecessary delay, and in any case within what maximum time (excluding journey time)?
- A. Twenty-four hours
- B. Twelve hours
- C. Seventy-two hours
- D. Forty-eight hours
Answer: Twenty-four hours
Explanation: Section 78 BNSS mirrors CrPC 76: the arrestee under a warrant must be produced before the court within 24 hours, excluding the time of journey from the place of arrest to the court.
2042. Section 60 BNSS (CrPC 59) lays down that a person who has been arrested by a police officer without warrant shall not be discharged except:
- A. On the oral request of a senior advocate
- B. On the direction of a village headman
- C. On his own bond, or on bail, or under the special order of a Magistrate
- D. On the verbal order of the arresting officer
Answer: On his own bond, or on bail, or under the special order of a Magistrate
Explanation: Section 60 BNSS permits discharge of a warrantless arrestee only on his own bond, on bail or under the special order of a Magistrate; the police cannot simply let off an arrestee at will.
2043. Under Section 59 BNSS (CrPC 58), officers in charge of police stations must report cases of all persons arrested without warrant within the limits of their station, whether admitted to bail or not, to:
- A. The Governor
- B. The Sessions Judge
- C. The District Magistrate, or if he so directs, the Sub-Divisional Magistrate
- D. The Inspector General of Police only
Answer: The District Magistrate, or if he so directs, the Sub-Divisional Magistrate
Explanation: Section 59 BNSS requires the report of arrests without warrant to go to the District Magistrate (or the Sub-Divisional Magistrate if directed), irrespective of whether the arrested persons were bailed.
2044. Section 56 BNSS (CrPC 55A) imposes on the person having custody of an accused a duty to:
- A. Take reasonable care of the health and safety of the accused
- B. Report his conduct to the High Court weekly
- C. Provide him free legal aid in all cases
- D. Obtain his confession within 24 hours
Answer: Take reasonable care of the health and safety of the accused
Explanation: Section 56 BNSS places an explicit statutory duty on the custodian of an accused to take reasonable care of his health and safety, which is relevant to custodial deaths and lock-up conditions.
2045. Under Section 49 BNSS (CrPC 51), when a woman is searched on arrest, the search must be made by:
- A. Any male police officer in presence of a witness
- B. A male doctor
- C. Another woman, with strict regard to decency
- D. The Magistrate personally
Answer: Another woman, with strict regard to decency
Explanation: Section 49 BNSS: whenever a person is arrested and cannot furnish bail, the officer may search him; a search of a woman is made by another woman with strict regard to decency, and a receipt is given for articles seized.
2046. Under Section 48 BNSS, when a person is arrested, the police officer making the arrest must immediately give information of the arrest to:
- A. His relative, friend or any other person disclosed or nominated by the arrested person
- B. The District Judge
- C. The nearest newspaper
- D. The Bar Council
Answer: His relative, friend or any other person disclosed or nominated by the arrested person
Explanation: Section 48 BNSS (CrPC 50A) obliges the police to inform a nominated relative/friend/person about the arrest and the place of detention, and an entry of this must be made in a book kept at the police station.
2047. Under Section 47(2) BNSS, when a person is arrested without warrant for a bailable offence, the arresting officer must:
- A. Keep him in custody for 24 hours without informing him
- B. Inform him that bail is possible only from the High Court
- C. Inform him that he is entitled to be released on bail and that he may arrange for sureties
- D. Produce him before the Sessions Court only
Answer: Inform him that he is entitled to be released on bail and that he may arrange for sureties
Explanation: Section 47(2) BNSS (CrPC 50(2)) requires the arresting officer to tell a person arrested without warrant for a bailable offence that he is entitled to be released on bail and may arrange for sureties.
2048. Section 46 BNSS, in line with CrPC 49, provides that a person arrested shall not be subjected to more restraint than is necessary for which purpose?
- A. To ensure that he accepts the charge
- B. To prevent his escape
- C. To obtain a confession
- D. To humiliate him in public
Answer: To prevent his escape
Explanation: Section 46 BNSS: the person arrested must not be subjected to more restraint than is necessary to prevent his escape. Any excess may attract departmental and civil/criminal liability.
2049. Section 45 BNSS (CrPC 48) empowers a police officer to pursue an offender for arrest within which territorial extent?
- A. Any place in India
- B. Only within his own district
- C. Only within the limits of his police station
- D. Only within the State
Answer: Any place in India
Explanation: Section 45 BNSS lets a police officer pursue and arrest, without a warrant, a person whom he is authorised to arrest, in any place in India.
2050. Under Section 44 BNSS (CrPC 47), if a person to be arrested enters a place and the resident refuses entry after demand, what may the arresting officer do?
- A. Break open any outer or inner door or window of any house or place to enter, after notifying his authority and purpose and demanding admittance
- B. Seek the consent of the nearest Sarpanch
- C. Only post a guard outside
- D. Wait for a search warrant from the Magistrate in every case
Answer: Break open any outer or inner door or window of any house or place to enter, after notifying his authority and purpose and demanding admittance
Explanation: Section 44 BNSS requires the resident to allow free ingress and reasonable facilities; failing which the officer may break open doors after giving notice of authority and purpose and demanding admittance (special rules protect purdah-nasheen women).
2051. Under Section 42 BNSS (CrPC 45), a member of the Armed Forces of the Union cannot be arrested for anything done in the discharge of official duties except after obtaining the consent of whom?
- A. The Central Government
- B. The Chief Secretary of the State
- C. The District Magistrate
- D. The High Court
Answer: The Central Government
Explanation: Section 42 BNSS protects members of the Armed Forces of the Union from arrest for acts done in the discharge of official duties except after the consent of the Central Government.
2052. Under Section 40(2) BNSS, a private person who arrests an offender must hand him over to a police officer or take him to the nearest police station within what time limit?
- A. Without unnecessary delay and in any case within six hours
- B. Within three hours
- C. Within 24 hours
- D. Within 48 hours
Answer: Without unnecessary delay and in any case within six hours
Explanation: BNSS 40(2) adds an express six-hour outer limit to the CrPC 43 requirement of handing over a person arrested by a private person; a private person may arrest only a proclaimed offender or a person committing a non-bailable and cognizable offence in his presence.
2053. A person caught committing a cognizable offence refuses to give his name and residence. Under Section 39 BNSS, once his true name and residence are ascertained, what must the police do if he is not otherwise required?
- A. Detain him until the trial concludes
- B. Forward him to the Sessions Court directly
- C. Impose a fine on the spot
- D. Release him on executing a bond, with or without sureties, to appear before a Magistrate if required
Answer: Release him on executing a bond, with or without sureties, to appear before a Magistrate if required
Explanation: Under Section 39 BNSS (CrPC 42), the person arrested for refusing his name and residence must be released on a bond (with or without sureties) once his true particulars are ascertained, and if not so ascertained within 24 hours he must be produced before the nearest Magistrate.
2054. Under Section 38 BNSS, a person arrested and interrogated by the police is entitled to meet an advocate of his choice. Which statement is correct?
- A. He may keep the advocate present throughout every interrogation session
- B. The right exists only for offences punishable with death
- C. The right arises only after the chargesheet is filed
- D. He may meet the advocate during interrogation, though not throughout the interrogation
Answer: He may meet the advocate during interrogation, though not throughout the interrogation
Explanation: Section 38 BNSS (CrPC 41D) gives the arrestee the right to meet an advocate of his choice during interrogation, though not throughout the interrogation. It is a qualified right.
2055. Section 37 BNSS requires the State Government to designate a police officer, in every district and at every police station, to maintain information about arrested persons. What is the minimum rank of this designated officer?
- A. Head Constable
- B. Deputy Superintendent of Police
- C. Inspector
- D. Assistant Sub-Inspector
Answer: Assistant Sub-Inspector
Explanation: Under Section 37 BNSS (CrPC 41C-style control room concept made statutory) the designated officer must not be below the rank of Assistant Sub-Inspector, and the names and addresses of arrested persons and the nature of the offence must be displayed prominently at every police station and district headquarters.
2056. Under Section 36 BNSS, 2023, every police officer while making an arrest must bear which of the following?
- A. An accurate, visible and clear identification of his name which will facilitate easy identification
- B. A witness from the local panchayat
- C. A written authority from the Superintendent of Police
- D. A certified copy of the FIR
Answer: An accurate, visible and clear identification of his name which will facilitate easy identification
Explanation: Section 36 BNSS (CrPC 41B) requires every police officer making an arrest to bear an accurate, visible and clear identification of his name; the arrest memorandum must also be attested by at least one witness (a family member or a respectable member of the locality) and countersigned by the arrestee.
2057. Under Section 180 BNSS, statements of witnesses recorded by police during investigation may now be recorded through audio-video means as well; when such statement is of a woman in relation to certain offences (like sexual offences), whose presence/recording preference applies?
- A. The statement of a woman against whom certain offences (e.g., under Sections 64-71, 74-79 BNS) have been committed shall, as far as practicable, be recorded by a woman police officer
- B. Such statements can only be recorded by a private forensic psychologist
- C. Only a male senior officer can record such statements
- D. There is no gender-specific requirement at all under Section 180
Answer: The statement of a woman against whom certain offences (e.g., under Sections 64-71, 74-79 BNS) have been committed shall, as far as practicable, be recorded by a woman police officer
Explanation: Section 180 BNSS retains and reinforces the CrPC 161 proviso requiring statements of women victims of specified sexual/gender-based offences be recorded, as far as practicable, by a woman police officer, ensuring victim comfort and reducing secondary trauma during investigation.
2058. Under Section 173(4) BNSS, if the officer-in-charge refuses to register an FIR for a cognizable offence, the aggrieved person may send the substance of the information in writing to which authority, mirroring CrPC Section 154(3)?
- A. Only to the National Human Rights Commission
- B. Directly to the Chief Justice of the High Court
- C. The Superintendent of Police (or officer of equivalent/higher rank in that jurisdiction), who if satisfied that the information discloses a cognizable offence shall either investigate the case himself or direct investigation
- D. Directly to the President of India
Answer: The Superintendent of Police (or officer of equivalent/higher rank in that jurisdiction), who if satisfied that the information discloses a cognizable offence shall either investigate the case himself or direct investigation
Explanation: Section 173(4) BNSS retains the CrPC 154(3) escalation mechanism, allowing an aggrieved informant whose FIR was refused to approach the Superintendent of Police, who must ensure the cognizable offence is investigated either personally or by a directed officer.
2059. Under the proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS, an undertrial against whom proceedings in more than one offence or in more than one case are pending is excluded from the automatic bail-on-bond benefit — this exclusion is aimed primarily at preventing benefit to which category of accused?
- A. First-time offenders with only one pending case
- B. Women accused in dowry-related cases only
- C. Juveniles facing any charge
- D. Habitual or repeat offenders facing multiple simultaneous cases, ensuring the automatic-release benefit is reserved for genuinely first-time/isolated-case undertrials
Answer: Habitual or repeat offenders facing multiple simultaneous cases, ensuring the automatic-release benefit is reserved for genuinely first-time/isolated-case undertrials
Explanation: The proviso to Section 479(1) BNSS excludes undertrials facing multiple pending cases from automatic bail-on-bond, ensuring the reform targets genuine first-offence/single-case undertrials languishing in jail rather than habitual offenders gaming multiple prosecutions.
2060. Under Section 479 BNSS, an undertrial who is a first-time offender (never previously convicted of any offence) and has undergone what proportion of the maximum sentence must be released on bond by the court, subject to the proviso's exceptions?
- A. Three-fourths of the maximum period of imprisonment
- B. One-third of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence (as opposed to one-half for other undertrials)
- C. There is no distinction for first-time offenders; all undertrials are treated identically
- D. The full maximum period of imprisonment
Answer: One-third of the maximum period of imprisonment specified for that offence (as opposed to one-half for other undertrials)
Explanation: Section 479 BNSS (CrPC Section 436A, widened) provides that an undertrial who has served half the maximum sentence is released on bond, and a first-time offender after one-third; the benefit is excluded for offences punishable with death or life imprisonment and for persons with proceedings pending in more than one case.
2061. Under Section 107 BNSS, a Magistrate may issue an order for attachment, forfeiture, or seizure of property involving what specific new category of offence that was not clearly addressed under corresponding CrPC provisions?
- A. Property that is proceeds of crime, as defined broadly, including property derived directly or indirectly from criminal activity, enabling courts to attach such proceeds even absent a prior PMLA-style case
- B. Property belonging only to government employees
- C. Property located exclusively outside India
- D. Property involved only in cases of defamation
Answer: Property that is proceeds of crime, as defined broadly, including property derived directly or indirectly from criminal activity, enabling courts to attach such proceeds even absent a prior PMLA-style case
Explanation: Sections 107-108 BNSS introduce a new mechanism for attachment and forfeiture of 'proceeds of crime' (broadly defined, mirroring PMLA-style language) — a significant new tool absent in CrPC, allowing police/courts to trace and attach crime proceeds during ordinary criminal investigation, not just under special economic-offence laws.
2062. Under Section 85/86 BNSS regarding attachment of property of an absconding person, in what circumstance may the court order attachment simultaneously with, rather than after, the proclamation under Section 84?
- A. Only after the proclaimed offender is convicted
- B. Attachment can never occur simultaneously with proclamation under any circumstances
- C. Where the court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise, that the person is about to dispose of the whole or any part of the property, or about to remove it from the local jurisdiction of the court
- D. Only with prior written consent of the absconding person
Answer: Where the court is satisfied, by affidavit or otherwise, that the person is about to dispose of the whole or any part of the property, or about to remove it from the local jurisdiction of the court
Explanation: Section 85 BNSS (equivalent to CrPC 83) permits the court to order attachment of property simultaneously with issuing the proclamation, if satisfied the absconder is likely to dispose of or remove the property to defeat the process — an urgency-driven exception to the normal sequential order.
2063. Under Section 84 BNSS (proclamation for a person absconding), what is the minimum period the court must specify for the person to appear before declaring them a proclaimed offender?
- A. Not less than 24 hours
- B. There is no minimum period prescribed
- C. Not less than 5 years
- D. Not less than 30 days from the date of publishing the proclamation
Answer: Not less than 30 days from the date of publishing the proclamation
Explanation: Section 84 BNSS (equivalent to CrPC Section 82) requires the court to publish a written proclamation requiring the absconding person's appearance at a specified place and time not less than 30 days from the date of publishing, before initiating proclaimed-offender consequences.
2064. Under Section 356 BNSS, trial in absentia is a significant new provision allowing trial and conviction of a proclaimed offender who has absconded, subject to what key procedural safeguard before such trial can commence?
- A. The court must be satisfied that the accused has absconded and there is no immediate prospect of arresting them, and the trial can proceed as if the accused were present, with a lawyer appointed for defence, only after proclamation under Section 84 and other statutory steps are duly completed
- B. Trial in absentia is prohibited entirely under BNSS despite media reports
- C. Trial in absentia can begin immediately upon FIR registration without any further procedure
- D. Trial in absentia requires the accused's own prior written consent
Answer: The court must be satisfied that the accused has absconded and there is no immediate prospect of arresting them, and the trial can proceed as if the accused were present, with a lawyer appointed for defence, only after proclamation under Section 84 and other statutory steps are duly completed
Explanation: Section 356 BNSS allows trial in absentia for proclaimed offenders (Section 84) who have absconded to evade trial, with a lawyer engaged by the state to represent them, ensuring due process is maintained even though the accused is physically absent.
2065. Under Section 230 BNSS, the accused now has a statutory right to receive copies of the police report and other documents (chargesheet, statements, etc.) within how many days of production or appearance, and through what enabled medium?
- A. Within 14 days, and this can be furnished through electronic communication as well
- B. Within 24 hours, only in person at the police station
- C. Within 90 days, only through physical registered post
- D. There is no fixed period; it is furnished whenever convenient to the prosecution
Answer: Within 14 days, and this can be furnished through electronic communication as well
Explanation: Section 230 BNSS (corresponding to CrPC 207) requires supply of chargesheet copies and relied-upon documents to the accused within 14 days of production/appearance, and explicitly recognises electronic communication as a valid mode of furnishing — a digitisation-driven acceleration.
2066. Under Section 43(3) BNSS regarding the use of handcuffs during arrest, in which circumstances is a police officer permitted to use handcuffs, marking a departure from earlier restrictive judicial guidelines?
- A. Handcuffs may be used for any arrest at the officer's sole discretion with no restriction
- B. Handcuffs can never be used under any circumstances under BNSS
- C. Handcuffs may only be used with a Magistrate's prior written order in every single case
- D. Where the person is a habitual/repeat offender, has escaped from custody, or is accused of organised crime, terrorist act, drug-related offence, illegal possession of arms, murder, rape, acid attack, counterfeiting, or offences against the State, among specified categories
Answer: Where the person is a habitual/repeat offender, has escaped from custody, or is accused of organised crime, terrorist act, drug-related offence, illegal possession of arms, murder, rape, acid attack, counterfeiting, or offences against the State, among specified categories
Explanation: Section 43(3) BNSS is a new provision permitting handcuff use for specified serious/habitual offenders and escape risks — a controversial departure from Prem Shankar Shukla and D.K. Basu guidelines that treated routine handcuffing as violative of Article 21 dignity rights.
2067. Under Section 187(2) BNSS proviso, when police custody is sought after the initial 15 days but within the permitted 40/60-day window, before which authority must the accused be produced to seek such custody?
- A. No production is required; a written application suffices
- B. The Magistrate, who must record reasons in writing before authorising such further police custody
- C. The Superintendent of Police, without any judicial oversight
- D. The District Collector
Answer: The Magistrate, who must record reasons in writing before authorising such further police custody
Explanation: Even for police custody sought within the extended 40/60-day window under Section 187(2) BNSS, the accused must be produced before the Magistrate, who applies judicial mind and records reasons — the judicial safeguard is retained despite the extended window, addressing concerns about potential misuse.
2068. Under Section 187 BNSS, what new requirement is imposed on the officer-in-charge when forwarding an arrested accused to the nearest Judicial Magistrate, specifically regarding electronic means?
- A. Electronic means can only be used for filing the FIR, not for production or remand
- B. The Magistrate may authorise detention through electronic communication, and production of the accused before the Magistrate can also be facilitated through audio-video electronic means
- C. The accused must be produced only in a physical courtroom with no exceptions
- D. There is no provision for electronic communication; physical production is mandatory in all cases
Answer: The Magistrate may authorise detention through electronic communication, and production of the accused before the Magistrate can also be facilitated through audio-video electronic means
Explanation: Section 187(1)/(3) BNSS explicitly allows remand authorisation and production of the accused via audio-video electronic means, formalising the use of technology in the remand process — a significant procedural modernisation over CrPC Section 167.
2069. Under Section 187 BNSS, the maximum period of police custody within the first 15 days of arrest can be authorized by a Magistrate, but for offences under specified categories, what is the total permissible period during which such custody can be sought in parts within the 40/60-day detention window?
- A. Police custody must be taken continuously within only the first 24 hours
- B. Police custody can never exceed 15 days total under any interpretation
- C. Police custody can be extended indefinitely without magisterial oversight
- D. Police custody can now be sought in parts/whole during the first 40 or 60 days of the 60/90-day total detention period (not restricted to the first 15 days as under old CrPC interpretation)
Answer: Police custody can now be sought in parts/whole during the first 40 or 60 days of the 60/90-day total detention period (not restricted to the first 15 days as under old CrPC interpretation)
Explanation: Section 187(2) BNSS explicitly extends the permissible window for seeking police custody to the first 40 days (offences punishable with death/life/10+ years) or 60 days (other offences) of the total 60/90-day detention period, overturning the restrictive CBI v. Anupam Kulkarni interpretation that confined it to the first 15 days.
2070. Under Section 35(7) BNSS, before making an arrest without warrant in cases where the offence is punishable with less than 3 years, and the person is infirm or above a certain age, what special protection applies?
- A. Except for a heinous offence, such a person shall not be arrested without prior permission of an officer not below the rank of DSP
- B. Such a person can never be arrested under any circumstances
- C. Arrest requires a High Court order in every such case
- D. No special protection exists for elderly or infirm persons
Answer: Except for a heinous offence, such a person shall not be arrested without prior permission of an officer not below the rank of DSP
Explanation: Section 35(7) BNSS is a new safeguard (absent in CrPC) requiring prior permission from an officer not below DSP rank before arresting an infirm or elderly (above 60 years) person for offences punishable below 3 years, except in heinous offence cases.
2071. Under Section 105 BNSS, what specific technological requirement now applies to the search and seizure process during investigation that was absent under the corresponding CrPC provision (Section 100)?
- A. Only fingerprint scanning of the premises is now mandatory
- B. There is no technological requirement; it remains identical to CrPC
- C. A satellite GPS tag must be attached to every seized item
- D. The police officer must prepare a record of search/seizure through audio-video electronic means, preferably mobile phone, and forward it to the Magistrate
Answer: The police officer must prepare a record of search/seizure through audio-video electronic means, preferably mobile phone, and forward it to the Magistrate
Explanation: Section 105 BNSS introduces mandatory audio-video (preferably mobile phone) recording of the search and seizure process, with the recording forwarded to the Magistrate without delay — a key digitisation reform to ensure transparency and prevent planted evidence allegations.
2072. Section 176(3) BNSS makes forensic expert visit and evidence collection mandatory for offences punishable with how many years of imprisonment or more, subject to state government notification for phase-wise implementation?
- A. 7 years or more
- B. 2 years or more
- C. 1 year or more
- D. There is no minimum sentence threshold; it applies to all offences
Answer: 7 years or more
Explanation: Section 176(3) BNSS mandates that for offences punishable with 7 years' imprisonment or more, the forensic expert must visit the crime scene to collect forensic evidence and cause it to be videographed, a landmark scientific-evidence reform, though states were given a phased-implementation window up to 2027.
2073. Under the first proviso to Section 173(1) BNSS, for offences punishable with 3 years or more but less than 7 years, where information is given by a woman against certain offences or a person with disability, in what manner must such information ordinarily be recorded?
- A. Only after a magistrate personally records it
- B. Only orally at the police station with no special procedure
- C. At the residence of such person, by a woman police officer or woman officer, and where practicable in the presence of an interpreter or special educator, with videography of the process
- D. Only through a written complaint submitted by post
Answer: At the residence of such person, by a woman police officer or woman officer, and where practicable in the presence of an interpreter or special educator, with videography of the process
Explanation: The proviso to Section 173(1) BNSS mandates victim-sensitive recording of information at the residence (or a place of convenience) by a woman police officer, with an interpreter/special educator where the informant is a person with disability, and videographing the process — a significant procedural safeguard.
2074. Under Section 173 BNSS, an FIR for a cognizable offence can now be registered at any police station regardless of jurisdiction (Zero FIR) and must then be transferred. Within what period must such a Zero FIR be transferred to the police station having jurisdiction?
- A. It must be transferred to the police station having territorial jurisdiction within 15 days
- B. There is no fixed timeline for transfer
- C. It must be transferred within 7 days
- D. It must be transferred within 24 hours
Answer: It must be transferred to the police station having territorial jurisdiction within 15 days
Explanation: Section 173(1) proviso of BNSS statutorily codifies the Zero FIR practice and mandates transfer to the jurisdictional police station within 15 days, converting what was earlier a Supreme Court/administrative guideline into binding statutory law.
2075. Under Section 250 BNSS (corresponding to Section 227 CrPC - discharge in a Sessions case), the Sessions Judge shall discharge the accused if, upon consideration of the record and hearing submissions, he considers there is what?
- A. A need to transfer the case to another court instead
- B. Overwhelming evidence proving guilt beyond doubt
- C. A technical defect in the FIR that cannot be cured
- D. No sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused
Answer: No sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused
Explanation: Section 250 BNSS requires the Sessions Judge to discharge the accused, recording reasons, if after considering the record of the case and documents and hearing submissions, there is no sufficient ground for proceeding against the accused.
2076. Under the BNSS plea bargaining chapter, an application for plea bargaining must be filed by the accused within what time from the date of framing of charge?
- A. Thirty days
- B. One year
- C. Fourteen days
- D. Ninety days
Answer: Thirty days
Explanation: The plea bargaining provisions require the accused to file an application within thirty days from the date of framing of charge, expressing his willingness to plea bargain, before the court dealing with the case.
2077. Under Section 442 BNSS (corresponding to Section 401 CrPC), in the exercise of revisional powers, the High Court has all the powers conferred on a court of appeal, but it may NOT do which of the following without giving the accused an opportunity of being heard?
- A. Reduce the sentence awarded by the lower court
- B. Simply dismiss a frivolous revision petition
- C. Order a retrial in a straightforward procedural matter
- D. Convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction, or enhance the sentence
Answer: Convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction, or enhance the sentence
Explanation: Section 442(3) BNSS provides that the High Court shall not convert a finding of acquittal into one of conviction, or entertain a proceeding to enhance sentence, without giving the accused a reasonable opportunity of being heard in his own defence.
2078. Under Section 438 BNSS (corresponding to Section 397 CrPC - calling for records to exercise powers of revision), the power of revision may be exercised by the High Court or the Sessions Judge in respect of which type of proceeding?
- A. Only proceedings pending in another state's jurisdiction
- B. Only proceedings involving offences against the State exclusively
- C. Only civil proceedings transferred to it
- D. Any proceeding before any inferior criminal court situate within its local jurisdiction, to satisfy itself of correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order
Answer: Any proceeding before any inferior criminal court situate within its local jurisdiction, to satisfy itself of correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order
Explanation: Section 438 BNSS allows the High Court or Sessions Judge to call for and examine the record of any proceeding before an inferior criminal court within its jurisdiction, for the purpose of satisfying itself as to the correctness, legality or propriety of any finding, sentence or order.
2079. Under Section 413 BNSS (corresponding to Section 372 CrPC - no appeal to lie unless otherwise provided), a proviso newly added by an earlier amendment (retained in BNSS) allows the VICTIM to prefer an appeal against which type of order?
- A. Only an order framing charges against the accused
- B. Only an order transferring the case to another court
- C. Only an order granting bail to the accused
- D. An order acquitting the accused, or convicting for a lesser offence, or imposing inadequate compensation
Answer: An order acquitting the accused, or convicting for a lesser offence, or imposing inadequate compensation
Explanation: The proviso to Section 413 BNSS (continuing the 2009 CrPC amendment) grants the victim a right to appeal against an order of acquittal, conviction for a lesser offence, or imposition of inadequate compensation, without requiring leave of the court.
2080. Under Section 415 BNSS (corresponding to Section 374 CrPC - appeals from convictions), a person convicted on a trial held by a Sessions Judge or Additional Sessions Judge may appeal to which court?
- A. The Court of Session itself
- B. The High Court
- C. The National Human Rights Commission
- D. The Supreme Court directly, bypassing the High Court
Answer: The High Court
Explanation: Section 415(2) BNSS provides that a person convicted on a trial held by a Sessions Judge or Additional Sessions Judge, or on a trial for offences punishable with imprisonment exceeding seven years, may appeal to the High Court.
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