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2641. The National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) is headquartered in which city?
- A. Nagpur
- B. New Delhi
- C. Bhopal
- D. Mumbai
Answer: New Delhi
Explanation: NIDM, established under Section 42 of the DM Act 2005 as the premier institute for training and research in disaster management, is headquartered in New Delhi.
2642. The 'Build Back Better' principle, emphasised in India's post-disaster recovery approach and aligned with the Sendai Framework, primarily means what?
- A. Reconstructing damaged infrastructure and livelihoods to a standard more resilient than before the disaster, incorporating risk-reduction measures
- B. Relocating all disaster survivors permanently to another state
- C. Rebuilding structures at the lowest possible cost, regardless of standards
- D. Providing only temporary shelter without any reconstruction
Answer: Reconstructing damaged infrastructure and livelihoods to a standard more resilient than before the disaster, incorporating risk-reduction measures
Explanation: 'Build Back Better' means using the recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction phase to reduce future disaster risk by incorporating disaster-resilient features, rather than simply restoring pre-disaster conditions.
2643. Which international framework, adopted in 2015 and endorsed by India, guides the current global and national approach to disaster risk reduction, succeeding the earlier Hyogo Framework for Action?
- A. Basel Convention
- B. Paris Agreement
- C. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
- D. Kyoto Protocol
Answer: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Explanation: The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, adopted at the UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, is the guiding international instrument India follows, emphasising understanding disaster risk, strengthening governance, investing in resilience, and enhancing preparedness for 'Build Back Better'.
2644. State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) units, raised by several state governments on the lines of NDRF, are typically commanded and controlled by which authority?
- A. The respective State Government, generally through the state police/home department
- B. The Railway Board
- C. The Ministry of External Affairs
- D. NDMA directly
Answer: The respective State Government, generally through the state police/home department
Explanation: SDRF battalions, though modelled on NDRF for state-level rapid response, are raised, funded and controlled by the respective state government, typically functioning under the state police or home department.
2645. Which of the following best describes the primary operational specialisation of NDRF battalions in real disaster response, distinguishing them from ordinary CAPF battalions?
- A. Traffic challan enforcement
- B. Border patrolling and anti-infiltration operations
- C. Search and rescue, Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue (CSSR), and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) response
- D. VIP protection duties
Answer: Search and rescue, Collapsed Structure Search and Rescue (CSSR), and CBRN (Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear) response
Explanation: NDRF personnel are specially trained and equipped for search and rescue in collapsed structures, flood rescue, and response to Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) emergencies — specialised skills distinct from the general policing/security duties of ordinary CAPF battalions.
2646. Who commands and supervises the National Disaster Response Force as per the DM Act 2005?
- A. The Chief Justice of India
- B. The Cabinet Secretary
- C. The Prime Minister directly
- D. A Director General appointed by the Central Government
Answer: A Director General appointed by the Central Government
Explanation: As per Section 45, command and supervision of the NDRF vests in a Director General appointed by the Central Government, who exercises powers subject to the general superintendence and control of NDMA.
2647. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides that the general superintendence, direction and control of the NDRF shall vest in and be exercised by NDMA?
- A. Section 3(2)
- B. Section 46(2)
- C. Section 14(3)
- D. Section 45
Answer: Section 45
Explanation: Section 45 of the DM Act 2005 states that the general superintendence, direction and control of the National Disaster Response Force shall be vested in and exercised by the National Disaster Management Authority, and the command and supervision shall vest in a Director General.
2648. Which section of the DM Act 2005 lays down the responsibilities of every Ministry or Department of the Government of India in relation to disaster management?
- A. Section 61
- B. Section 36
- C. Section 14
- D. Section 26
Answer: Section 36
Explanation: Section 36 sets out the responsibilities of every Ministry or Department of the Government of India, including measures for prevention and mitigation and integrating them into development plans; their disaster management plans are the subject of Section 37.
2649. Under Section 38 of the DM Act 2005, State Governments are required to take which measure in relation to disaster management?
- A. Transfer all disaster management powers to the Central Government
- B. Only provide funds to NDMA without further action
- C. Dissolve SDMA after every disaster event
- D. Take all measures for disaster management as laid down in the guidelines of NDMA and the State Plan
Answer: Take all measures for disaster management as laid down in the guidelines of NDMA and the State Plan
Explanation: Section 38 casts responsibilities on state governments to take all measures specified in the guidelines of NDMA and the State Plan for effective disaster management, including ensuring officers/employees are trained.
2650. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides for constitution of a National Disaster Mitigation Fund exclusively for mitigation activities?
- A. Section 48
- B. Section 46
- C. Section 45
- D. Section 47
Answer: Section 47
Explanation: Section 47 provides for the National Disaster Mitigation Fund to be applied by NDMA exclusively for projects of mitigation, separate from the National Disaster Response Fund under Section 46 which is for response and relief.
2651. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF - fund, not the force)?
- A. Section 46
- B. Section 51
- C. Section 55
- D. Section 44
Answer: Section 46
Explanation: Section 46 of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of the National Disaster Response Fund for meeting expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation, to be applied by the National Executive Committee.
2652. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of a State Disaster Response Fund?
- A. Section 61
- B. Section 46
- C. Section 48
- D. Section 47
Answer: Section 48
Explanation: Section 48 of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of funds, including the State Disaster Response Fund and State Disaster Mitigation Fund, for meeting expenses on response/relief and mitigation respectively.
2653. Under Section 24 of the DM Act 2005, during a disaster, the State Executive Committee may direct which of the following measures?
- A. Appointment of the state Governor
- B. Declaration of financial emergency in the state
- C. Dissolution of the state legislative assembly
- D. Control, restrict and regulate entry of vehicles/persons into a disaster area, and requisition resources
Answer: Control, restrict and regulate entry of vehicles/persons into a disaster area, and requisition resources
Explanation: Section 24 gives the SEC wide powers during a disaster, including controlling and restricting vehicular/pedestrian traffic in the affected area, requisitioning resources, and giving directions for rescue, evacuation and provision of temporary shelter, food, drinking water, essential provisions, healthcare and burial/cremation of the dead.
2654. Which section of the DM Act 2005 empowers the DDMA to give directions for release and use of resources available with any department at the district level in the event of a threatening disaster situation?
- A. Section 34
- B. Section 10(2)
- C. Section 2(e)
- D. Section 48
Answer: Section 34
Explanation: Section 34 lists the DDMA's powers during a threatening disaster situation, including directing officers to make available resources for rescue, evacuation and providing relief.
2655. Under the DM Act 2005, which authority is responsible for identifying and designating officers for specialist response to a specific threatening disaster situation at the district level?
- A. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
- B. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
- C. Railway Board
- D. National Executive Committee
Answer: District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Explanation: The DDMA, being the district-level implementing body, identifies and designates officers, employees or agencies for specialised response functions to a specific disaster threat within the district.
2656. Which section of the DM Act 2005 lays down the composition of the District Disaster Management Authority?
- A. Section 8(1)
- B. Section 3(3)
- C. Section 14(2)
- D. Section 25(2)
Answer: Section 25(2)
Explanation: Section 25(2) specifies the DDMA's composition: the District Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner as Chairperson, the elected representative of the local authority as Co-Chairperson, and the Superintendent of Police, Chief Medical Officer and other district officers as members.
2657. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)?
- A. Section 14
- B. Section 6
- C. Section 52
- D. Section 25
Answer: Section 25
Explanation: Section 25 of the DM Act 2005 mandates every State Government to establish a District Disaster Management Authority for every district, headed by the District Magistrate/Collector/Deputy Commissioner as Chairperson.
2658. Which section of the DM Act 2005 deals with the constitution of the State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)?
- A. Section 2
- B. Section 14
- C. Section 44
- D. Section 25
Answer: Section 14
Explanation: Section 14 of the DM Act 2005 provides for every State Government to establish a State Disaster Management Authority, with the Chief Minister as ex-officio Chairperson.
2659. Which of the following is an ex-officio member of the National Executive Committee (NEC) under the DM Act 2005?
- A. Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry or Department having administrative control of disaster management
- B. Chief Justice of India
- C. Comptroller and Auditor General
- D. Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Answer: Secretary to the Government of India in the Ministry or Department having administrative control of disaster management
Explanation: The NEC comprises the Secretary of the nodal Ministry/Department (Ministry of Home Affairs) as ex-officio Chairperson, along with Secretaries of key ministries such as Agriculture, Atomic Energy, Defence, Drinking Water, Environment, Finance, Health, Power, Rural Development, Science and Technology, Space, Telecommunications, Urban Development, Water Resources, and the Chief of Integrated Defence Staff.
2660. As per Section 8 of the DM Act 2005, which functionary assists the NDMA in the exercise of its powers and performance of functions?
- A. National Executive Committee (NEC)
- B. Chief Secretary of every state
- C. Director General of Police
- D. District Magistrate
Answer: National Executive Committee (NEC)
Explanation: Section 8 of the DM Act 2005 provides that there shall be a National Executive Committee to assist the National Authority in performance of its functions and exercise of its powers.
2661. Under Section 6 of the DM Act 2005, which of the following is a core function assigned to the NDMA?
- A. Laying down policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management to ensure timely and effective response
- B. Fixing prices of essential commodities during a disaster
- C. Appointing judges to the National Green Tribunal
- D. Directly commanding state police forces during law and order situations
Answer: Laying down policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management to ensure timely and effective response
Explanation: Section 6 of the DM Act 2005 empowers NDMA to lay down policies, plans and guidelines for disaster management, which are to be followed by ministries, departments and state authorities to ensure timely and effective response.
2662. Which section of the DM Act 2005 empowers the National Executive Committee to act as the coordinating and monitoring body for implementing the National Plan and guidelines of NDMA?
- A. Section 61
- B. Section 35
- C. Section 6
- D. Section 10
Answer: Section 10
Explanation: Section 10 of the DM Act 2005 lays down the powers and functions of the National Executive Committee, including acting as the coordinating and monitoring body for the National Plan and NDMA guidelines.
2663. Which of the following is the correct real-world coordination sequence typically followed when a serious train accident occurs, in terms of first-response responsibility?
- A. SDMA replaces railway authorities in command of the accident site
- B. NIDM personally leads on-ground rescue operations
- C. NDRF is always the very first agency to reach any train accident site
- D. Railway's own ART/ARMV and RPF respond first; NDRF, state police and fire services are mobilised as required based on severity
Answer: Railway's own ART/ARMV and RPF respond first; NDRF, state police and fire services are mobilised as required based on severity
Explanation: Given ART/ARMV are pre-positioned at railway divisions specifically for rapid departmental response, and RPF provides immediate on-site security, these are typically first on scene; NDRF and other external agencies are mobilised as the severity of the accident demands.
2664. In a large-scale railway disaster where the scale exceeds the coping capacity of the district and state, requiring NDRF and central assistance, this would typically correspond to which NDMP severity classification level?
- A. Always L1 regardless of scale
- B. L0 only
- C. L2 or L3, depending on scale
- D. This scenario is not covered under NDMP classification
Answer: L2 or L3, depending on scale
Explanation: A railway disaster whose scale overwhelms district/state capacity and needs active state or even national-level intervention (including NDRF deployment) would be classified as L2 (state-level) or, if it overwhelms state capacity too, L3 (national-level) under the NDMP's severity-based classification.
2665. Under the National Disaster Management Plan, railway accidents are categorised under which broad type of disaster?
- A. Man-made / accidental disasters (transport/industrial accidents)
- B. Biological disasters
- C. Hydro-meteorological disasters
- D. Geological disasters
Answer: Man-made / accidental disasters (transport/industrial accidents)
Explanation: Railway accidents fall under man-made/accidental disasters, specifically the sub-category of transport accidents, within India's disaster classification framework that also includes industrial, chemical and nuclear accidents in this broad man-made category.
2666. At the site of a railway accident, which of the following best describes the Railway Protection Force's (RPF) real functional role in disaster response, as distinct from NDRF's technical rescue role?
- A. Site security, crowd/traffic control, protection of passenger belongings, and coordination support to rescue agencies
- B. Operating the accident relief crane for re-railing coaches
- C. Issuing the official death certificates of victims
- D. Conducting structural engineering assessment of damaged tracks
Answer: Site security, crowd/traffic control, protection of passenger belongings, and coordination support to rescue agencies
Explanation: RPF's real operational role in a railway accident is site security, crowd and traffic management, preventing theft/looting of passenger property, assisting evacuation, and coordinating with NDRF, state police, fire and medical agencies — not the specialised technical rescue or engineering tasks that NDRF and railway engineering staff perform.
2667. In the event of a major train accident, which is the primary and most immediate responding unit from within the Railways' own departmental resources, before external agencies like NDRF arrive?
- A. State Disaster Management Authority team
- B. National Institute of Disaster Management team
- C. Central Armed Police Force reserve battalion
- D. ART and ARMV dispatched from the nearest base
Answer: ART and ARMV dispatched from the nearest base
Explanation: Indian Railways maintains its own Accident Relief Trains (ART) and Accident Relief Medical Vans (ARMVs) at strategic divisional locations specifically so that departmental rescue and medical response can begin immediately, ahead of NDRF or state agency arrival.
2668. What does 'ARMV' stand for in the Indian Railways disaster/accident management framework?
- A. Area Response Medical Vehicle
- B. Advanced Rail Monitoring Vehicle
- C. Accident Relief Medical Van
- D. Automated Rescue Mobile Van
Answer: Accident Relief Medical Van
Explanation: The Accident Relief Medical Van (ARMV) is a self-contained mobile medical unit maintained by Indian Railways, equipped with medical staff, equipment and supplies, dispatched to a railway accident site to provide immediate first aid and medical care to victims.
2669. In the context of railway accident response, what does 'ART' stand for?
- A. Accident Recovery Technician
- B. Automatic Rescue Team
- C. Accident Relief Train
- D. Advance Response Truck
Answer: Accident Relief Train
Explanation: An Accident Relief Train (ART) is a specially equipped train maintained by Indian Railways, positioned at designated divisional locations, meant to rush cranes, rerailing equipment and relief material to the site of a rail accident.
2670. NDRF operates under the administrative control of which ministry?
- A. Ministry of Railways
- B. Ministry of Defence
- C. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
- D. Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: NDRF functions under the Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India, with a Director General heading the force, and is deployed for specialised response to natural and man-made disasters.
2671. NDRF battalions are administratively raised from which category of central forces?
- A. State Armed Police only
- B. Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)
- C. Territorial Army
- D. Railway Protection Force only
Answer: Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs)
Explanation: NDRF personnel are drawn on deputation from Central Armed Police Forces such as BSF, CRPF, CISF, ITBP, SSB and Assam Rifles, each contributing battalions for specialised disaster response duties.
2672. Under the DM Act 2005, the term 'reconstruction' as part of disaster recovery primarily refers to which activity?
- A. Only issuing early warnings
- B. Only conducting damage assessment surveys
- C. Rebuilding damaged infrastructure and assets to a condition better or equal to pre-disaster levels, ideally with disaster-resilient design
- D. Only providing temporary shelter tents
Answer: Rebuilding damaged infrastructure and assets to a condition better or equal to pre-disaster levels, ideally with disaster-resilient design
Explanation: Reconstruction, a core recovery activity, involves rebuilding damaged infrastructure with a 'build back better' approach incorporating disaster-resilient design to reduce future risk.
2673. Which ministry/department in the Government of India acts as the nodal ministry for coordination of overall disaster management policy under the DM Act 2005?
- A. Ministry of External Affairs
- B. Ministry of Defence
- C. Ministry of Home Affairs
- D. Ministry of Railways
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry at the Union level for overall disaster management coordination, though specific disaster types have their own nodal ministries (e.g., Railways for rail accidents).
2674. Which of the following is a correct example illustrating the difference between 'hazard' and 'disaster' in disaster management terminology?
- A. A disaster always precedes a hazard chronologically
- B. A hazard and a disaster are always the same event with no distinction
- C. A hazard only refers to man-made events, never natural ones
- D. An earthquake in an uninhabited area is a hazard; the same earthquake causing large-scale death and destruction in a city becomes a disaster
Answer: An earthquake in an uninhabited area is a hazard; the same earthquake causing large-scale death and destruction in a city becomes a disaster
Explanation: A hazard is a potentially damaging physical event that becomes a disaster only when it adversely affects human life, property or livelihoods beyond the community's coping capacity.
2675. Which of the following best distinguishes the role of the National Executive Committee (NEC) from the NDMA under the DM Act 2005?
- A. NEC is superior in authority to the NDMA
- B. NEC only deals with international disaster relief
- C. NEC and NDMA have identical, overlapping powers with no distinction
- D. NDMA lays down policy and approves plans; NEC is the executive body that implements/coordinates and prepares the National Plan for NDMA's approval
Answer: NDMA lays down policy and approves plans; NEC is the executive body that implements/coordinates and prepares the National Plan for NDMA's approval
Explanation: The NDMA is the apex policy-making body while the NEC, chaired by the Home Secretary, acts as its executive arm — preparing the National Plan and coordinating implementation across ministries, subject to NDMA's approval.
2676. Which statement correctly distinguishes 'prevention' from 'mitigation' in disaster management terminology?
- A. Prevention and mitigation are identical terms with no difference
- B. Prevention aims to avoid the hazard event entirely where possible, while mitigation reduces the impact/risk when the hazard cannot be entirely avoided
- C. Mitigation is a legal term with no application in India's DM Act
- D. Prevention applies only after a disaster, mitigation only before
Answer: Prevention aims to avoid the hazard event entirely where possible, while mitigation reduces the impact/risk when the hazard cannot be entirely avoided
Explanation: Prevention involves measures to avoid the occurrence of a hazard altogether, while mitigation focuses on reducing the severity of impact when the hazard cannot be fully prevented.
2677. Under the DM Act 2005, which authority prepares guidelines to be followed by state governments for preparation of State Disaster Management Plans?
- A. Local municipal bodies
- B. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
- C. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
- D. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Answer: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Explanation: Under Section 6 of the DM Act 2005, the NDMA lays down guidelines to be followed by state authorities in preparing state-level disaster management plans.
2678. Which of the following disasters would be classified under 'chemical, industrial and nuclear-related disasters' in India's disaster classification framework, distinct from a transport accident category?
- A. A gas leak from a chemical factory
- B. A flash flood in a hilly area
- C. A train derailment on open track
- D. A road accident involving a bus
Answer: A gas leak from a chemical factory
Explanation: Chemical, industrial and nuclear disasters (like the Bhopal gas leak) form a distinct category from natural disasters and transport-related man-made disasters like train derailments.
2679. Which of the following disasters would be classified under the 'biological disaster' category in India's disaster classification framework?
- A. A major epidemic/pandemic outbreak
- B. A cyclone
- C. A dam failure
- D. A railway collision
Answer: A major epidemic/pandemic outbreak
Explanation: Biological disasters include epidemics and pandemics, classified separately from natural disasters like cyclones and man-made accidental disasters like railway collisions or dam failures.
2680. Which of the following is a plausible but INCORRECT statement about the composition of the NDMA under the DM Act 2005?
- A. The Home Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairperson of the NDMA
- B. The NDMA can have a Vice-Chairperson among its members
- C. The Prime Minister is the ex-officio Chairperson of the NDMA
- D. NDMA members are appointed by the Central Government
Answer: The Home Minister of India is the ex-officio Chairperson of the NDMA
Explanation: This statement is incorrect — the Prime Minister, not the Home Minister, is the ex-officio Chairperson of the NDMA; the Home Ministry is the nodal ministry but does not chair the NDMA itself.
2681. In the context of the DM Act 2005, the term 'capacity building' primarily includes which of the following?
- A. Only physical reconstruction of damaged buildings
- B. Only setting up new government ministries
- C. Only financial compensation to disaster victims
- D. Identification of existing resources and resource gaps, and developing training, education and awareness programmes
Answer: Identification of existing resources and resource gaps, and developing training, education and awareness programmes
Explanation: Section 2(b) of the DM Act 2005 defines capacity building as including identification of existing resources/gaps and development of human and technical resources through training, research and awareness.
2682. Under the DM Act 2005, a District Disaster Management Plan prepared by the DDMA must be reviewed and updated with what frequency, as a general practice?
- A. Only once every ten years
- B. Never, once finalized it is permanent
- C. Annually
- D. Only after a major disaster occurs
Answer: Annually
Explanation: District Disaster Management Plans are required to be reviewed and updated annually to remain relevant to changing risk profiles and resource availability.
2683. Which of the following statements about the relationship between the Disaster Management Act 2005 and earlier disaster response mechanisms in India is correct?
- A. The Act was the first-ever law related to any form of emergency management in India
- B. The Act shifted disaster management from an ad-hoc, relief-based system under the Calamity Relief Fund to a structured, institutionalized, multi-tier statutory framework
- C. The Act applies only to earthquake-related disasters
- D. The Act abolished all pre-existing relief funds with no replacement
Answer: The Act shifted disaster management from an ad-hoc, relief-based system under the Calamity Relief Fund to a structured, institutionalized, multi-tier statutory framework
Explanation: Before 2005, disaster management in India was largely relief-centric, funded through the Calamity Relief Fund; the DM Act 2005 institutionalized a structured, multi-tier framework spanning prevention to recovery.
2684. Section 36 of the DM Act 2005 lays down the responsibilities of which entity in disaster management?
- A. Only the Election Commission
- B. Only NGOs
- C. Every Ministry or Department of the Government of India
- D. Only the Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Every Ministry or Department of the Government of India
Explanation: Section 36 sets out the responsibilities of every Ministry or Department of the Government of India, including taking measures for prevention and mitigation and integrating them into their development plans; their disaster management plans are dealt with in Section 37.
2685. Which section of the DM Act 2005 empowers the Central Government to issue directions to any authority in India to facilitate disaster management?
- A. Section 3
- B. Section 62
- C. Section 44
- D. Section 61
Answer: Section 62
Explanation: Section 62 lets the Central Government issue written directions to Ministries or Departments, the NEC, State Governments, State Authorities, State Executive Committees and statutory bodies to facilitate or assist disaster management, and they are bound to comply.
2686. As per the DM Act 2005, local authorities (such as Panchayati Raj Institutions, Municipalities, Cantonment Boards) are required to do what in relation to disaster management?
- A. Ensure their officials and employees are trained in disaster management and resources are maintained for ready use
- B. Only report disasters to the media
- C. Ignore disaster management as it is a central subject only
- D. Only collect taxes for disaster relief
Answer: Ensure their officials and employees are trained in disaster management and resources are maintained for ready use
Explanation: Section 41 of the DM Act 2005 requires local authorities to ensure their personnel are trained in disaster management and that resources relevant to disaster management are maintained for ready use.
2687. Which of the following best describes the role of the Vice-Chairperson of the NDMA?
- A. The presiding officer of the District Disaster Management Authority
- B. The head of the NDRF battalions
- C. A member designated as Vice-Chairperson who holds the rank and status equivalent to a Cabinet Minister
- D. The officer who commands army units during disasters
Answer: A member designated as Vice-Chairperson who holds the rank and status equivalent to a Cabinet Minister
Explanation: The NDMA has a Vice-Chairperson, one of the appointed members, who holds a rank equivalent to a Cabinet Minister, while the Prime Minister remains the ex-officio Chairperson.
2688. Which authority under the DM Act 2005 is empowered to recommend provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures?
- A. Prime Minister's Office directly
- B. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
- C. Local municipal corporation alone
- D. District Magistrate alone
Answer: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Explanation: Under Section 6 of the DM Act 2005, the NDMA lays down guidelines and recommends provision of funds for mitigation and preparedness measures to relevant ministries and states.
2689. Under the DM Act 2005, the term 'disaster management' as defined in Section 2(e) includes a continuous and integrated process of planning, organizing, coordinating and implementing measures which are necessary for which purpose?
- A. Prevention of danger from disaster, mitigation, capacity building, preparedness, response, assessment, relief and rehabilitation
- B. Only construction of new government buildings
- C. Only compensation payment to victims
- D. Only training of the armed forces
Answer: Prevention of danger from disaster, mitigation, capacity building, preparedness, response, assessment, relief and rehabilitation
Explanation: Section 2(e) of the DM Act 2005 defines disaster management comprehensively as covering prevention, mitigation, capacity building, preparedness, response, assessment, relief and rehabilitation.
2690. Which of these disaster-related institutions is primarily responsible for coordination during a crisis at the level of the Cabinet Secretariat, distinct from the statutory NDMA?
- A. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
- B. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
- C. State Disaster Management Authority (SDMA)
- D. National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)
Answer: National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)
Explanation: The NCMC is a high-level executive body at the Cabinet Secretariat that oversees crisis coordination, existing separately from the statutory NDMA structure created by the DM Act.
2691. Which committee, chaired by the Cabinet Secretary, deals with major crisis situations including disasters at the apex level in the Government of India?
- A. National Executive Committee (NEC)
- B. State Executive Committee (SEC)
- C. National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)
- D. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Answer: National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)
Explanation: The National Crisis Management Committee, chaired by the Cabinet Secretary, coordinates the government's response during major crises, including certain large-scale disasters.
2692. Under the DM Act 2005, obstructing any officer in discharge of functions under the Act is punishable with imprisonment which may extend up to how many years?
- A. One year
- B. Five years
- C. Six months only
- D. Ten years
Answer: One year
Explanation: Section 51 of the DM Act 2005 prescribes imprisonment up to one year (or fine, or both) for obstructing officials discharging functions under the Act; the term extends to two years if the obstruction leads to loss of life or imminent danger.
2693. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides for penalties for obstructing any officer or employee from performing duties under the Act?
- A. Section 51
- B. Section 3
- C. Section 8
- D. Section 25
Answer: Section 51
Explanation: Section 51 (Chapter X, Offences and Penalties) punishes obstructing any officer or employee of the Central or State Government, or a person authorised by the National, State or District Authority, in discharging functions under the Act; it also punishes refusal to comply with directions.
2694. Under the DM Act 2005, who can declare an area as 'disaster affected' and take special measures?
- A. Only the Prime Minister personally
- B. The Central Government and State Government, as per their respective jurisdictions and provisions of the Act
- C. Only the United Nations
- D. Only the President of India
Answer: The Central Government and State Government, as per their respective jurisdictions and provisions of the Act
Explanation: The DM Act 2005 empowers both Central and State Governments, through their respective disaster management authorities, to notify and manage disaster-affected areas within their jurisdiction.
2695. Under the DM Act 2005, the National Disaster Response Fund is used for which purpose?
- A. Funding routine infrastructure projects unrelated to disasters
- B. Funding election campaigns of political parties
- C. Paying salaries of all state government employees
- D. Meeting expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation of a disaster of severe nature
Answer: Meeting expenses for emergency response, relief and rehabilitation of a disaster of severe nature
Explanation: Section 46 of the DM Act 2005 establishes the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF) for meeting expenses of emergency response, relief and rehabilitation for disasters of severe nature.
2696. The shift in India's disaster management approach after the 2005 Act, from a relief-centric approach to which approach, is widely regarded as its defining feature?
- A. A holistic, proactive approach covering prevention, mitigation and preparedness
- B. A purely reactive, compensation-only approach
- C. An approach focused solely on urban disasters
- D. An approach limited to natural disasters only
Answer: A holistic, proactive approach covering prevention, mitigation and preparedness
Explanation: The DM Act 2005 marked a paradigm shift from the earlier relief-centric approach to a holistic and integrated approach emphasizing prevention, mitigation and preparedness alongside response.
2697. The vision of India's National Policy on Disaster Management emphasizes which overarching approach?
- A. Disaster management as exclusively a military function
- B. Relief distribution as the sole government responsibility
- C. Building a safe and disaster-resilient India through a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy
- D. Complete reliance on international aid for all disasters
Answer: Building a safe and disaster-resilient India through a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy
Explanation: The National Policy on Disaster Management envisions building a safe and disaster-resilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and technology-driven strategy through a culture of prevention, mitigation and preparedness.
2698. The National Policy on Disaster Management was approved by the Government of India in which year?
- A. 2009
- B. 2005
- C. 2013
- D. 2016
Answer: 2009
Explanation: The National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) was approved by the Union Cabinet in 2009, laying down the vision and approach for disaster management in India.
2699. Who is the ex-officio Chairperson of the State Executive Committee (SEC) constituted under the DM Act 2005?
- A. Chief Secretary of the state
- B. Divisional Commissioner
- C. Director General of Police
- D. Chief Minister of the state
Answer: Chief Secretary of the state
Explanation: Under Section 20 of the DM Act 2005, the Chief Secretary of the state government is the ex-officio Chairperson of the State Executive Committee.
2700. Which body is constituted under Section 20 of the DM Act 2005 to assist the SDMA and coordinate state-level disaster response?
- A. State Executive Committee (SEC)
- B. State Advisory Committee
- C. State Disaster Response Force
- D. District Executive Committee (DEC)
Answer: State Executive Committee (SEC)
Explanation: Section 20 of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of the State Executive Committee, chaired by the Chief Secretary, to assist the SDMA.
2701. Under Section 30 of the DM Act 2005, which authority is responsible for coordinating response to a disaster at the district level and can direct any officer to take necessary measures?
- A. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
- B. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
- C. National Executive Committee (NEC)
- D. State Executive Committee (SEC)
Answer: District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Explanation: Section 30 of the DM Act 2005 empowers the DDMA to coordinate response and give directions to any department or officer at the district level in the event of a disaster.
2702. Which ministry of the Government of India is the nodal ministry for management of railway accidents/disasters under the National Disaster Management Plan?
- A. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
- B. Ministry of Home Affairs
- C. Ministry of Civil Aviation
- D. Ministry of Railways
Answer: Ministry of Railways
Explanation: The Ministry of Railways is designated as the nodal ministry responsible for managing railway accidents and disasters in the National Disaster Management Plan's ministry-wise responsibility matrix.
2703. Which of the following is classified as a man-made (human-induced) disaster rather than a natural disaster under India's disaster management framework?
- A. Flood
- B. Earthquake
- C. Railway accident
- D. Cyclone
Answer: Railway accident
Explanation: Railway accidents, along with industrial accidents, fires, and chemical/biological/nuclear incidents, are classified as man-made disasters in India's disaster management framework.
2704. Under the NDMP severity classification, an 'L3' level disaster refers to a situation where the scale of the disaster is such that it requires assistance from which level?
- A. Only the local municipal corporation
- B. The Central Government, as the disaster is beyond the capacity of the state to handle alone
- C. Only the district police
- D. Only NGOs and civil society
Answer: The Central Government, as the disaster is beyond the capacity of the state to handle alone
Explanation: L3 denotes a disaster of severe magnitude where the state's capacity is overwhelmed, necessitating substantial assistance and coordination from the Central Government, including deployment of NDRF and armed forces.
2705. Under the NDMP severity classification, an 'L2' level disaster situation requires active involvement of which level of government?
- A. Only the central government, bypassing the state
- B. Only the district administration
- C. State level, with the state government taking the primary lead
- D. Only international relief agencies
Answer: State level, with the state government taking the primary lead
Explanation: L2 level disasters are of a larger scale requiring the state government to take the lead in mobilizing resources and coordinating response, with central assistance as needed.
2706. Under the NDMP severity classification, an 'L1' level disaster is typically managed at which level?
- A. District level, with state and central government on standby to assist if needed
- B. Village panchayat level only
- C. National level only, by the armed forces
- D. International level, with UN agencies leading
Answer: District level, with state and central government on standby to assist if needed
Explanation: L1 level disasters can be managed at the district level itself, though state and central authorities remain in readiness to provide assistance if required.
2707. Under the National Disaster Management Plan's severity classification, an 'L0' level situation indicates what?
- A. A disaster requiring immediate NDRF deployment nationwide
- B. A disaster requiring international assistance
- C. Normal/routine situation that can be managed at the district level itself
- D. A disaster that has escalated beyond state government control
Answer: Normal/routine situation that can be managed at the district level itself
Explanation: In the NDMP's severity-level framework, L0 denotes normal times, used for undertaking mitigation, prevention and preparedness activities at the district level.
2708. As per the National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), disasters are broadly classified into which two main categories?
- A. Rural disasters and urban disasters
- B. Natural disasters and man-made (human-induced) disasters
- C. Local disasters and international disasters
- D. Seasonal disasters and non-seasonal disasters
Answer: Natural disasters and man-made (human-induced) disasters
Explanation: The National Disaster Management Plan classifies disasters broadly into natural disasters (e.g., floods, earthquakes, cyclones) and man-made/human-induced disasters (e.g., industrial accidents, rail/road accidents, fires).
2709. Immediate actions taken during and right after a disaster to save lives, such as search and rescue and emergency relief, fall under which phase?
- A. Prevention
- B. Response
- C. Recovery
- D. Mitigation
Answer: Response
Explanation: The response phase covers immediate actions taken during and after a disaster, including search and rescue, evacuation, medical aid and emergency relief distribution.
2710. Which phase of the disaster management cycle focuses on restoring normalcy through rebuilding infrastructure and livelihoods after a disaster?
- A. Mitigation
- B. Preparedness
- C. Response
- D. Recovery
Answer: Recovery
Explanation: Recovery is the phase after immediate response, focused on restoring normalcy through reconstruction, rehabilitation and long-term risk reduction.
2711. In the disaster management cycle, 'preparedness' primarily refers to which of the following?
- A. Long-term infrastructure rebuilding
- B. Post-disaster damage assessment only
- C. Pre-disaster activities like drills, early warning systems and stockpiling of resources
- D. Framing new legislation after a disaster
Answer: Pre-disaster activities like drills, early warning systems and stockpiling of resources
Explanation: Preparedness includes pre-disaster measures such as mock drills, early warning systems, evacuation planning, and stockpiling relief materials to enable an effective response.
2712. Which of the following is the correct four-phase disaster management cycle as commonly used in Indian disaster management policy?
- A. Alert, Warning, Rescue, Compensation
- B. Detection, Evacuation, Relief, Closure
- C. Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery
- D. Prevention, Reaction, Relief, Rebuilding only
Answer: Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, Recovery
Explanation: The disaster management cycle is universally recognized as consisting of mitigation, preparedness (pre-disaster), and response and recovery (post-disaster) phases.
2713. Under the DM Act 2005, what does 'mitigation' mean in the context of disaster management?
- A. Post-disaster reconstruction of infrastructure only
- B. Distribution of compensation after a disaster
- C. Measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster
- D. Immediate rescue of victims after a disaster occurs
Answer: Measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster
Explanation: Section 2(i) of the DM Act 2005 defines mitigation as measures aimed at reducing the risk, impact or effects of a disaster or threatening disaster situation.
2714. As per the DM Act 2005, 'disaster' is legally defined as a catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence resulting from natural or man-made causes that is beyond the coping capacity of which entity?
- A. The central government alone
- B. The state government alone
- C. The affected community
- D. The armed forces
Answer: The affected community
Explanation: Section 2(d) of the DM Act 2005 defines a disaster as an event causing substantial loss of life/property that is beyond the coping capacity of the affected community.
2715. Which body under the DM Act 2005 is responsible for preparing the National Plan for disaster management?
- A. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)
- B. National Executive Committee (NEC), approved by NDMA
- C. National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
- D. State Executive Committee (SEC)
Answer: National Executive Committee (NEC), approved by NDMA
Explanation: Under Section 11 of the DM Act 2005, the National Executive Committee prepares the National Plan, which is approved by the NDMA.
2716. Under the DM Act 2005, which authority is responsible for disaster management planning and implementation at the district level?
- A. National Crisis Management Committee (NCMC)
- B. District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
- C. National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
- D. State Executive Committee (SEC)
Answer: District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)
Explanation: Section 25 of the DM Act 2005 establishes the DDMA as the planning, coordinating and implementing body for disaster management at the district level, acting as the district planning authority.
2717. What is the primary mandate of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)?
- A. Direct search and rescue operations during disasters
- B. Framing the annual Union Budget for disaster relief
- C. Command and control of the armed forces
- D. Human resource development, training, capacity building and research in disaster management
Answer: Human resource development, training, capacity building and research in disaster management
Explanation: NIDM functions as the premier institute for training, capacity building, research, documentation and policy advocacy in disaster management, working within the framework of the National Policy on Disaster Management.
2718. Which section of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of the National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM)?
- A. Section 42
- B. Section 44
- C. Section 8
- D. Section 3
Answer: Section 42
Explanation: Section 42 of the DM Act 2005 provides for the constitution of the National Institute of Disaster Management for training and capacity building.
2719. Under the DM Act 2005, who has the power to constitute the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)?
- A. District Magistrate
- B. Central Government
- C. State Government
- D. NDMA alone without Central Government approval
Answer: Central Government
Explanation: Section 44 of the DM Act 2005 empowers the Central Government to constitute a National Disaster Response Force for specialist response to disasters.
2720. What is the primary function of the National Executive Committee (NEC) under the DM Act 2005?
- A. To command all armed forces during disasters
- B. To disburse compensation to disaster victims directly
- C. To conduct research on disaster science
- D. To assist the NDMA and coordinate/monitor implementation of the National Policy and Plans
Answer: To assist the NDMA and coordinate/monitor implementation of the National Policy and Plans
Explanation: The NEC is the executive committee that assists the NDMA in the discharge of its functions and coordinates implementation of national plans and policies across ministries.
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