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1201. The 21st Constitutional Amendment (1967) adding Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule was largely a response to the demand of:
- A. Speakers displaced from Sindh after Partition
- B. Residents of Kerala
- C. Residents of Assam
- D. Tribal groups of Odisha
Answer: Speakers displaced from Sindh after Partition
Explanation: Sindhi, having no State of its own in India after Partition, was added in 1967 on the demand of the displaced Sindhi-speaking community.
1202. The Ol Chiki script, used to write Santhali, was devised by:
- A. Sidhu Murmu
- B. Raghunath Murmu
- C. Jaipal Singh Munda
- D. Birsa Munda
Answer: Raghunath Murmu
Explanation: Pandit Raghunath Murmu created the Ol Chiki script in 1925; Santhali was added to the Eighth Schedule in 2003.
1203. Sahitya Akademi, which recognises literary works in languages beyond the Eighth Schedule, was established in:
- A. 1954
- B. 1947
- C. 1975
- D. 1961
Answer: 1954
Explanation: Sahitya Akademi was formally inaugurated on 12 March 1954; it recognises 24 languages (22 scheduled languages plus English and Rajasthani).
1204. Which of the following States has English as its sole official language?
- A. Tripura
- B. Mizoram
- C. Sikkim
- D. Nagaland
Answer: Nagaland
Explanation: Nagaland (and Arunachal Pradesh) uses English as the official language; Mizoram uses Mizo and English, Tripura Bengali, Kokborok and English.
1205. Which State's official languages under the 1987 law include Konkani?
- A. Maharashtra
- B. Karnataka
- C. Goa
- D. Kerala
Answer: Goa
Explanation: The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 made Konkani the official language of Goa (Marathi may also be used for official purposes).
1206. Article 350A directs every State and local authority to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at which stage?
- A. Technical education only
- B. University stage
- C. Secondary stage
- D. Primary stage of education for linguistic minority children
Answer: Primary stage of education for linguistic minority children
Explanation: Article 350A: States and local authorities shall endeavour to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage to children of linguistic minority groups.
1207. Which Article contains the phrase 'to secure that the Hindi language ... serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India'?
- A. Article 29
- B. Article 350
- C. Article 351
- D. Article 343
Answer: Article 351
Explanation: Article 351 (Directive for development of the Hindi language) uses this phrase.
1208. Which Article specifies that the Eighth Schedule languages are to be represented in the Official Language Commission's membership?
- A. Article 344(1)
- B. Article 343(3)
- C. Article 394A
- D. Article 349
Answer: Article 344(1)
Explanation: Article 344(1): the Commission consists of a Chairman and members representing the different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule, as the President appoints.
1209. Under Article 344(6), after considering the Committee's report, the President may issue directions:
- A. Only to amend the Eighth Schedule
- B. Only to dissolve the Commission
- C. In accordance with the whole or any part of that report
- D. Only to dismiss the Committee
Answer: In accordance with the whole or any part of that report
Explanation: Article 344(6): after consideration of the Committee's report under clause (5), the President may issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of that report.
1210. Under Article 344(2)(d), the Commission can recommend on:
- A. The seating of members in Parliament
- B. The salary of Hindi teachers
- C. The form of numerals to be used for one or more specified purposes of the Union
- D. The number of High Courts
Answer: The form of numerals to be used for one or more specified purposes of the Union
Explanation: Article 344(2)(d) deals with the form of numerals to be used for any one or more specified purposes of the Union.
1211. Under Article 344(2)(c), the Official Language Commission makes recommendations to the President regarding:
- A. Number of seats for each language in Parliament
- B. Salary of translators
- C. Language of Panchayat records
- D. Language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in Article 348
Answer: Language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in Article 348
Explanation: Article 344(2): the Commission recommends on (a) progressive use of Hindi, (b) restrictions on English, (c) the language for Article 348 purposes (courts and legislation), (d) form of numerals, and (e) any other matter referred by the President.
1212. Which Article empowers Parliament to provide by law for the continued use of English or Devanagari numerals after the fifteen-year period?
- A. Article 394A
- B. Article 348(3)
- C. Article 343(3)
- D. Article 345
Answer: Article 343(3)
Explanation: Article 343(3) allows Parliament by law to provide for the use of English language or the Devanagari form of numerals after 1965; the Official Languages Act, 1963 used this power.
1213. Which Article of the Constitution makes Hindi in Devanagari script the official language of the Union?
- A. Article 343(1)
- B. Article 344(1)
- C. Article 345
- D. Article 351
Answer: Article 343(1)
Explanation: Article 343(1): the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.
1214. The Parliamentary Committee on Official Language conducts which key activity to assess implementation in Central Government offices?
- A. Inspecting offices through its sub-committees and taking oral evidence
- B. Conducting recruitment exams
- C. Awarding degrees
- D. Auditing bank accounts
Answer: Inspecting offices through its sub-committees and taking oral evidence
Explanation: The Committee works through sub-committees that inspect offices of Ministries/departments and take oral evidence on the progressive use of Hindi.
1215. In 1959, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru assured Parliament that English would:
- A. Be abolished in 1965
- B. Continue as an associate additional official language as long as non-Hindi people wanted
- C. Be replaced by Sanskrit
- D. Be restricted to courts only
Answer: Continue as an associate additional official language as long as non-Hindi people wanted
Explanation: Nehru assured Parliament in 1959 that English would continue as an associate language for as long as the non-Hindi-speaking people wanted; this was reflected in the 1963 Act.
1216. The Official Language Resolution, 1968 also resolved to develop which languages along with Hindi for the all-India services?
- A. Only Sanskrit
- B. Only English and Urdu
- C. Indian languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule
- D. Foreign languages only
Answer: Indian languages mentioned in the Eighth Schedule
Explanation: The Resolution stressed the coordinated development of all major Indian languages in the Eighth Schedule and use of the three-language formula in education and in competitive examinations.
1217. The Official Language Resolution, 1968 requires the Central Government to prepare and lay before both Houses an annual assessment on:
- A. Railway budget
- B. Census of languages
- C. Progress made in the spread and development of Hindi, with an annual programme
- D. Number of translators recruited
Answer: Progress made in the spread and development of Hindi, with an annual programme
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution directs the Government to prepare an annual assessment and programme on the spread and development of Hindi and lay it on the Table of both Houses and send it to State Governments.
1218. Which of the following States falls in Region 'C' under the Official Language Rules, 1976?
- A. Odisha
- B. Rajasthan
- C. Gujarat
- D. Haryana
Answer: Odisha
Explanation: Region C includes all States and Union Territories not in A or B, such as Odisha, West Bengal, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka.
1219. Under the Official Language Rules, 1976, Chandigarh is placed in which Region?
- A. Region B
- B. Region A
- C. Not classified
- D. Region C
Answer: Region B
Explanation: Region B comprises Gujarat, Maharashtra, Punjab, Chandigarh and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.
1220. Under the Official Language Rules, 1976, Region 'A' includes which of the following Union Territories?
- A. Ladakh and Lakshadweep
- B. Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Delhi
- C. Puducherry and Lakshadweep
- D. Chandigarh and Daman & Diu
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Delhi
Explanation: Region A covers Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
1221. The first World Hindi Conference (Vishwa Hindi Sammelan) was held in 1975 at:
- A. Mumbai
- B. Nagpur
- C. Port Louis
- D. Delhi
Answer: Nagpur
Explanation: The first World Hindi Conference took place at Nagpur from 10 to 14 January 1975.
1222. The Kothari Commission on education, which supported the Three-Language Formula, submitted its report during:
- A. 1986-88
- B. 1948-49
- C. 1952-53
- D. 1964-66
Answer: 1964-66
Explanation: The Education Commission under D. S. Kothari worked in 1964-66 and its recommendations shaped the 1968 National Policy on Education.
1223. The National Education Policy 2020, regarding the three-language formula, states that:
- A. Hindi must be taught in all States
- B. Only Sanskrit is compulsory
- C. English is to be replaced by Hindi
- D. No language will be imposed on any State; choices are with States, regions and students
Answer: No language will be imposed on any State; choices are with States, regions and students
Explanation: NEP 2020 keeps the three-language formula but gives flexibility: no language will be imposed, and at least two of the three languages must be native to India.
1224. The Three-Language Formula was approved by the Conference of Chief Ministers in which year, and reaffirmed by the National Policy on Education, 1968?
- A. 1948
- B. 1976
- C. 1956
- D. 1961
Answer: 1961
Explanation: The Chief Ministers' Conference of 1961 evolved the Three-Language Formula, which the Kothari Commission (1964-66) and the 1968 National Policy on Education reaffirmed.
1225. In 1957, which Parliamentary Committee examined the recommendations of the first Official Language Commission (Kher Commission)?
- A. Committee chaired by Govind Ballabh Pant
- B. Committee chaired by K. Kamaraj
- C. Committee chaired by Jawaharlal Nehru
- D. Committee chaired by Morarji Desai
Answer: Committee chaired by Govind Ballabh Pant
Explanation: The 30-member Committee under Article 344(4), chaired by Home Minister Govind Ballabh Pant, examined the Kher Commission's report in 1957.
1226. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language submits its report on the progress in the use of Hindi to:
- A. The Speaker
- B. The President
- C. The Prime Minister
- D. The Home Secretary
Answer: The President
Explanation: The Committee reviews progress in the use of Hindi for official purposes of the Union and presents its report to the President, who lays it before each House and sends it to the State Governments.
1227. Under Section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963, a Committee of Parliament on Official Language is constituted on a resolution moved in either House with whose previous sanction?
- A. Chief Justice
- B. President
- C. Prime Minister
- D. Speaker
Answer: President
Explanation: Section 4 provides that, after ten years from the commencement of the Act's Section 3, a Committee is constituted on a resolution moved in either House with the President's previous sanction and passed by both Houses.
1228. Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya, a Central University dedicated to Hindi, is located at:
- A. Sevagram
- B. Nagpur
- C. Bhopal
- D. Wardha
Answer: Wardha
Explanation: The university was established by an Act of Parliament in 1997 at Wardha, Maharashtra.
1229. The Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, a premier institution for teaching Hindi to non-Hindi speakers and foreigners, is located at:
- A. Allahabad
- B. Wardha
- C. Agra
- D. Varanasi
Answer: Agra
Explanation: The Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, founded in 1960 as Kendriya Hindi Shikshan Mandal, has its headquarters at Agra.
1230. The Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan, which runs the Hindi Teaching Scheme, was set up in:
- A. 2000
- B. 1985
- C. 1955
- D. 1960
Answer: 1985
Explanation: The Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan (Central Hindi Training Institute) was established in 1985 under the Department of Official Language and conducts the Hindi Teaching Scheme through its regional centres.
1231. Which course of the Hindi Teaching Scheme is the first (basic) level, followed by Praveen and Pragya?
- A. Prabodh
- B. Pragya
- C. Parangat
- D. Praveen
Answer: Prabodh
Explanation: The sequence is Prabodh (basic), Praveen (intermediate) and Pragya (advanced).
1232. The Hindi Teaching Scheme was launched in which year, to train Central Government employees in Hindi?
- A. 1976
- B. 1987
- C. 1965
- D. 1955
Answer: 1955
Explanation: The Hindi Teaching Scheme started in 1955; its courses are Prabodh, Praveen and Pragya.
1233. The Kendriya Hindi Samiti, the apex policy-making body on Hindi propagation and use, is chaired by:
- A. The President
- B. The Home Minister
- C. The Prime Minister
- D. The Speaker of Lok Sabha
Answer: The Prime Minister
Explanation: The Kendriya Hindi Samiti, constituted in 1967, is chaired by the Prime Minister and gives overall guidance on the progressive use of Hindi.
1234. The Department of Official Language was created as a separate department of the Ministry of Home Affairs in:
- A. 1987
- B. 1975
- C. 1963
- D. 1967
Answer: 1975
Explanation: The Department of Official Language was constituted as a separate department of the MHA in June 1975 to implement the constitutional and statutory provisions on Hindi.
1235. The Central Translation Bureau, which provides translation services to Central Government offices, functions under which body?
- A. Ministry of Law and Justice
- B. Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
- C. Ministry of Railways
- D. Department of Personnel and Training
Answer: Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Central Translation Bureau, set up in 1971, is an attached office of the Department of Official Language (MHA), which translates and trains Central Government translators.
1236. The Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT), which coins standard technical terms in Hindi and other Indian languages, was established in:
- A. 1961
- B. 1950
- C. 1975
- D. 1985
Answer: 1961
Explanation: The CSTT was set up in 1961 under the Ministry of Education to develop and standardise scientific and technical terminology in Hindi and other Indian languages.
1237. Hindi Diwas is observed on 14 September because on that date in 1949:
- A. The first Hindi newspaper was printed
- B. The Official Languages Act was passed
- C. Hindi Teaching Scheme began
- D. The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi in Devanagari as the official language of the Union
Answer: The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi in Devanagari as the official language of the Union
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly adopted Hindi as official language on 14 September 1949; Hindi Diwas has been observed on that date since 1953.
1238. Which date is observed as 'Vishwa Hindi Diwas' (World Hindi Day)?
- A. 14 September
- B. 1 May
- C. 26 January
- D. 10 January
Answer: 10 January
Explanation: Vishwa Hindi Diwas is observed on 10 January, commemorating the first World Hindi Conference held at Nagpur on 10 January 1975; it has been observed since 2006.
1239. Who was the Union Home Minister who piloted the Official Languages (Amendment) Bill, 1967?
- A. Lal Bahadur Shastri
- B. Govind Ballabh Pant
- C. Gulzarilal Nanda
- D. Y. B. Chavan
Answer: Y. B. Chavan
Explanation: Y. B. Chavan, Home Minister under Indira Gandhi, piloted the 1967 Amendment, enacted after the anti-Hindi unrest of 1965 and enforced from 8 January 1968.
1240. Which categories of documents are listed in Section 3(3)(iii) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 as requiring bilingual issue?
- A. Contracts, agreements, licences, permits, notices and tender forms
- B. Diaries and file notings
- C. Internal telephone directories
- D. Only personal letters to the public
Answer: Contracts, agreements, licences, permits, notices and tender forms
Explanation: Section 3(3)(iii) covers contracts and agreements executed, and licences, permits, notices and forms of tender issued, by or on behalf of the Central Government or its corporations/companies.
1241. The Official Languages Act, 1963 was enacted on 10 May 1963, but Section 3 (continuation of English) came into force on:
- A. 26 January 1950
- B. 26 January 1965
- C. 26 January 1963
- D. 15 August 1967
Answer: 26 January 1965
Explanation: Section 3 was brought into force on 26 January 1965, the day the fifteen-year period under Article 343(2) ended.
1242. Section 3(5) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 (as inserted in 1967) provides that the English-language bilingual arrangement will continue until:
- A. Until a resolution to end it is passed by the legislature of every non-Hindi State and each House of Parliament
- B. Until 1975 automatically
- C. Until the President issues an order
- D. Until the Supreme Court directs otherwise
Answer: Until a resolution to end it is passed by the legislature of every non-Hindi State and each House of Parliament
Explanation: The 1967 amendment (Section 3(5)) ensured English continues as an associate language until resolutions to discontinue are passed by the legislature of every State that has not adopted Hindi as its official language and by each House of Parliament.
1243. Section 7 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 allows, with the consent of the President, the use of Hindi or the State's official language in:
- A. Judgments, decrees or orders of the High Court of the State
- B. Election Commission orders
- C. Supreme Court judgments
- D. Lok Sabha debates
Answer: Judgments, decrees or orders of the High Court of the State
Explanation: Section 7: the Governor may, with the previous consent of the President, authorise Hindi or the State's official language for judgments, decrees or orders of the High Court (with an English translation to accompany).
1244. Section 5 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 deals with:
- A. Use of Hindi in High Court judgments
- B. Power to make rules
- C. Authorised Hindi translation of Central Acts
- D. Constitution of the Parliamentary Committee
Answer: Authorised Hindi translation of Central Acts
Explanation: Section 5 provides for the authorised Hindi translation of Central Acts and ordinances, published under the President's authority, which is deemed the authoritative Hindi text.
1245. On whom does Rule 12 of the Official Language Rules, 1976 place the responsibility for ensuring compliance with Section 3(3) of the Act and Rule 5?
- A. Only the Rajbhasa Adhikari
- B. The Parliamentary Committee
- C. Administrative head of each Central Government office
- D. The Home Minister
Answer: Administrative head of each Central Government office
Explanation: Rule 12 makes the administrative head of each Central Government office responsible for compliance and for devising effective check-points.
1246. An office is notified under Rule 10(4) of the Official Language Rules, 1976 in the Gazette when at least what percentage of its staff have acquired working knowledge of Hindi?
- A. 80%
- B. 70%
- C. 60%
- D. 50%
Answer: 80%
Explanation: Rule 10(4): once 80% of the staff of an office have working knowledge of Hindi, the Central Government notifies it in the Official Gazette; Hindi then becomes the office's principal language of work to the extent notified.
1247. Rule 6 of the Official Language Rules, 1976 requires that documents mentioned in Section 3(3) of the Act be issued:
- A. In Hindi and English both
- B. In Hindi only
- C. In English only
- D. In the Region's language
Answer: In Hindi and English both
Explanation: Rule 6 makes it mandatory to issue Section 3(3) documents (resolutions, rules, notifications, reports, contracts etc.) bilingually, and fixes the responsibility on the person signing them.
1248. Under Rule 5 of the Official Language Rules, 1976, a letter received in Hindi, irrespective of Region, must be:
- A. Answered in the language of the Region
- B. Answered in English with Hindi copy
- C. Answered in Hindi
- D. Answered in the sender's choice only on request
Answer: Answered in Hindi
Explanation: Rule 5: letters in Hindi, from anywhere, must be replied to in Hindi.
1249. The Official Language (Use for Official Purposes of the Union) Rules came into force on:
- A. 14 September 1949
- B. 28 June 1976
- C. 26 January 1965
- D. 10 May 1963
Answer: 28 June 1976
Explanation: The Rules were framed under Section 8 of the Act and published/enforced on 28 June 1976; they were amended in 1987, 2007 and 2011.
1250. The Official Language Rules, 1976 extend to the whole of India except which State?
- A. Tamil Nadu
- B. Mizoram
- C. Jammu and Kashmir
- D. Nagaland
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Rule 1(2) of the Official Language (Use for Official Purposes of the Union) Rules, 1976 states that they extend to the whole of India except the State of Tamil Nadu.
1251. The Official Languages Act, 1963 originally extended to the whole of India except which State?
- A. Kerala
- B. Jammu and Kashmir
- C. Nagaland
- D. Tamil Nadu
Answer: Jammu and Kashmir
Explanation: Section 1 of the 1963 Act excluded the State of Jammu and Kashmir; the Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020 later made Urdu, Kashmiri, Dogri, Hindi and English its official languages.
1252. In October 2024, which set of languages was newly granted Classical Language status by the Union Cabinet?
- A. Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Tulu, Kashmiri and Sindhi
- B. Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi, Gujarati and Konkani
- C. Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese and Bengali
- D. Maithili, Bodo, Dogri, Santhali and Nepali
Answer: Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese and Bengali
Explanation: On 3 October 2024 the Cabinet approved Classical Language status for Marathi, Pali, Prakrit, Assamese and Bengali, taking the total to eleven.
1253. Which Indian language was the first to be given 'Classical Language' status, in 2004?
- A. Tamil
- B. Sanskrit
- C. Telugu
- D. Kannada
Answer: Tamil
Explanation: Tamil was declared a Classical Language in 2004, followed by Sanskrit (2005), Telugu and Kannada (2008), Malayalam (2013) and Odia (2014).
1254. According to Census 2011, what percentage of India's population reported Hindi as their mother tongue (among Scheduled languages)?
- A. 43.6%
- B. 36.4%
- C. 25.2%
- D. 52.8%
Answer: 43.6%
Explanation: Census 2011 recorded about 52.83 crore Hindi mother-tongue speakers, 43.63% of the population, the largest among all languages.
1255. Which of the following languages was part of the original 1950 Eighth Schedule?
- A. Bodo
- B. Sindhi
- C. Sanskrit
- D. Maithili
Answer: Sanskrit
Explanation: Sanskrit was in the original list of 14 (with Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu); Sindhi, Maithili and Bodo were added later.
1256. How many languages were listed in the Eighth Schedule when the Constitution was adopted, and which was added first thereafter in 1967?
- A. 13; Sindhi
- B. 14; Konkani
- C. 15; Nepali
- D. 14; Sindhi
Answer: 14; Sindhi
Explanation: The Eighth Schedule originally had 14 languages; Sindhi was added by the 21st Amendment, 1967 (making 15).
1257. Which amendment substituted 'Odia' for 'Oriya' in the Eighth Schedule?
- A. Seventy-first Amendment, 1992
- B. Ninety-sixth Amendment, 2011
- C. Ninety-second Amendment, 2003
- D. Twenty-first Amendment, 1967
Answer: Ninety-sixth Amendment, 2011
Explanation: The Constitution (Ninety-sixth Amendment) Act, 2011 substituted 'Odia' for 'Oriya' as the name of the language in the Eighth Schedule.
1258. The Ninety-second Amendment Act, 2003 added which four languages to the Eighth Schedule?
- A. Tulu, Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Maithili
- B. Bodo, Konkani, Santhali, Nepali
- C. Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali
- D. Dogri, Sindhi, Kashmiri, Santhali
Answer: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali
Explanation: The 92nd Amendment added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali, taking the Eighth Schedule from 18 to the present 22 languages.
1259. Which Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali to the Eighth Schedule?
- A. Twenty-first Amendment
- B. Ninety-sixth Amendment
- C. Seventy-first Amendment
- D. Ninety-second Amendment
Answer: Seventy-first Amendment
Explanation: The 71st Amendment (1992) raised the Eighth Schedule from 15 to 18 languages by adding Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali.
1260. The Constituent Assembly adopted the language provisions of the Constitution (Munshi-Ayyangar formula) in which year?
- A. 1950
- B. 1949
- C. 1946
- D. 1947
Answer: 1949
Explanation: The Constituent Assembly adopted the Munshi-Ayyangar formula on 14 September 1949 (the date later observed as Hindi Diwas); the Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950.
1261. Article 210 deals with the language to be used in:
- A. Supreme Court proceedings
- B. Union Public Service Commission
- C. State Legislatures
- D. Election Commission
Answer: State Legislatures
Explanation: Article 210 is the State Legislature counterpart of Article 120: business in the Legislature is transacted in the official language(s) of the State or in Hindi (or English for a transitional period).
1262. Which Article requires the Commission and Committee under Articles 344(2) and 344(4) to pay due regard to the claims of persons belonging to non-Hindi speaking areas in public services?
- A. Article 345
- B. Article 349
- C. Article 344(6)
- D. Article 344(3)
Answer: Article 344(3)
Explanation: Article 344(3): in making recommendations, the Commission must have due regard to the industrial, cultural and scientific advancement of India and the just claims and interests of persons of non-Hindi speaking areas in public services.
1263. Article 348(1)(a) provides that, until Parliament by law provides otherwise, all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court shall be in:
- A. Hindi
- B. English
- C. The State's official language
- D. Sanskrit
Answer: English
Explanation: Article 348(1)(a) makes English the language of all proceedings in the Supreme Court and High Courts until Parliament provides otherwise.
1264. Article 345 empowers the Legislature of a State to adopt as official language(s) of the State:
- A. Only a language listed in the Eighth Schedule
- B. Only Hindi
- C. Any one or more languages in use in the State, or Hindi
- D. Only the language spoken by the majority of the Governor's staff
Answer: Any one or more languages in use in the State, or Hindi
Explanation: Article 345: subject to Articles 346 and 347, a State Legislature may by law adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the State, or Hindi, as the official language(s); until then English continues.
1265. The proviso to Article 343(2) empowered whom to authorise, during the fifteen-year period, the use of Hindi in addition to English for any official purpose of the Union?
- A. The Chief Justice of India
- B. The Speaker of Lok Sabha
- C. The President
- D. The Union Cabinet
Answer: The President
Explanation: The proviso to Article 343(2) allowed the President, by order, to authorise the use of Hindi in addition to English and the Devanagari form of numerals for any official purpose of the Union.
1266. Under Article 343(1), the form of numerals to be used for official purposes of the Union is:
- A. Roman numerals
- B. International form of Indian numerals
- C. Numerals of the regional language
- D. Devanagari form of Indian numerals
Answer: International form of Indian numerals
Explanation: Article 343(1): the official language is Hindi in Devanagari script, while the numerals are the international form of Indian numerals (1, 2, 3...).
1267. The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956 inserted which two Articles on linguistic minorities?
- A. Articles 347 and 348
- B. Articles 344 and 351
- C. Articles 29 and 30
- D. Articles 350A and 350B
Answer: Articles 350A and 350B
Explanation: The Seventh Amendment (States Reorganisation) inserted Article 350A (mother-tongue instruction at primary stage) and Article 350B (Special Officer for linguistic minorities).
1268. According to Article 351, Hindi should draw its vocabulary wherever necessary or desirable 'primarily on' which language and 'secondarily on' others?
- A. Sanskrit
- B. Persian
- C. Prakrit
- D. Urdu
Answer: Sanskrit
Explanation: Article 351 directs that Hindi draw, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
1269. Article 30(1) gives all minorities, whether based on religion or language, the right to:
- A. Establish and administer educational institutions of their choice
- B. Separate electorates
- C. Exemption from taxation
- D. Reserved seats in Parliament
Answer: Establish and administer educational institutions of their choice
Explanation: Article 30(1): all minorities, whether based on religion or language, have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
1270. Article 29(1) of the Constitution, relevant to linguistic minorities, protects:
- A. Right to establish courts
- B. Right of any section of citizens having a distinct language, script or culture to conserve the same
- C. Right to reservation in jobs
- D. Right to free primary education in Hindi
Answer: Right of any section of citizens having a distinct language, script or culture to conserve the same
Explanation: Article 29(1): any section of citizens residing in India having a distinct language, script or culture has the right to conserve it.
1271. Who appoints the Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities under Article 350B, and to whom does he report?
- A. Chief Justice of India; reports to Parliament
- B. Prime Minister; reports to Lok Sabha
- C. President; reports to the President
- D. Home Minister; reports to Cabinet
Answer: President; reports to the President
Explanation: Article 350B: the President appoints the Special Officer, who investigates safeguards for linguistic minorities and reports to the President, who causes the reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the States concerned.
1272. Which Article of the Constitution gives every person the right to submit a representation for redress of grievance 'in any of the languages used in the Union or in the State'?
- A. Article 350
- B. Article 350A
- C. Article 30
- D. Article 29
Answer: Article 350
Explanation: Article 350 confers the right to submit a representation to any officer or authority of the Union or a State in any language used in the Union or State.
1273. The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987 inserted Article 394A, which deals with:
- A. Official script of Parliament
- B. Procedure for Constitutional amendment
- C. Authoritative Hindi text of the Constitution
- D. Emergency language provisions
Answer: Authoritative Hindi text of the Constitution
Explanation: Article 394A requires the President to publish under his authority the Hindi translation of the Constitution (and its amendments); that translation is deemed its authoritative Hindi text.
1274. Under Article 120(1), a member of Parliament who cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or English may address the House in his mother tongue with the permission of:
- A. The President
- B. The Prime Minister
- C. The Presiding Officer (Speaker or Chairman)
- D. The Leader of the Opposition
Answer: The Presiding Officer (Speaker or Chairman)
Explanation: Article 120(1) permits the Speaker or the Chairman, as the case may be, to allow a member to address the House in his mother tongue.
1275. Article 120(2) of the Constitution states that after the expiry of fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution, the words 'or in English' in Article 120(1) shall cease to have effect unless:
- A. The President directs otherwise
- B. The Speaker permits otherwise
- C. Parliament by law provides otherwise
- D. Half the State Legislatures resolve otherwise
Answer: Parliament by law provides otherwise
Explanation: Article 120(2) allows Parliament to provide by law otherwise; it did so through the Official Languages Act, 1963, so English continues in Parliament.
1276. Hindi has been authorised for use in the proceedings of the High Courts of Rajasthan (1950), Uttar Pradesh (1969), Madhya Pradesh (1971) and which other State (1972)?
- A. Bihar
- B. Haryana
- C. Himachal Pradesh
- D. Gujarat
Answer: Bihar
Explanation: Using Article 348(2) read with Section 7 of the Official Languages Act, Hindi was authorised in the High Courts of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar (1972).
1277. Hindi may be used in the proceedings of a High Court under Article 348(2) only with:
- A. The Law Commission's recommendation
- B. The previous consent of the President, on the Governor's proposal
- C. The Chief Justice of India's order alone
- D. A resolution of the Rajya Sabha
Answer: The previous consent of the President, on the Governor's proposal
Explanation: Article 348(2) lets the Governor, with the President's previous consent, authorise Hindi or the State's official language in High Court proceedings; judgments, decrees and orders still remain in English unless Parliament provides otherwise.
1278. Under Article 347, the President may direct that a language be officially recognised throughout a State or any part of it, if:
- A. The State Legislature passes a resolution by two-thirds majority
- B. A substantial proportion of the State's population desire it and demand is made
- C. The Supreme Court so directs
- D. The Governor recommends it to the Chief Justice
Answer: A substantial proportion of the State's population desire it and demand is made
Explanation: Article 347 (special provision relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State): if a substantial proportion of the population desire recognition and a demand is made, the President may direct that language be officially recognised.
1279. Article 346 provides that the language for communication between one State and another, or between a State and the Union, shall be:
- A. The language chosen by the Governor
- B. The official language for the time being authorised for use in the Union
- C. English only
- D. The language of the larger State
Answer: The official language for the time being authorised for use in the Union
Explanation: Article 346: the language authorised for use in the Union for official purposes is used for inter-State and State-Union communication; two or more States may agree to use Hindi for communication between them.
1280. Which Article provides that a Bill or amendment concerning the language in the Supreme Court/High Courts or the official language of the Union cannot be introduced in Parliament without the previous sanction of the President?
- A. Article 346
- B. Article 347
- C. Article 345
- D. Article 349
Answer: Article 349
Explanation: Article 349 lays down a special procedure: until 15 years after commencement, no Bill or amendment on the matters in Article 348(1) may be introduced without the President's previous sanction, who must first consider the Commission's recommendations and the Committee's report.
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