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1121. Which language is the official language of the Union Territory of Puducherry along with English?
- A. Tamil
- B. French
- C. Hindi
- D. Telugu
Answer: Tamil
Explanation: Tamil is the principal official language of Puducherry; Telugu, Malayalam and French are used in the respective enclaves.
1122. The Hindi Teaching Scheme was launched under which Ministry initially, before being transferred to the Department of Official Language?
- A. Ministry of Finance
- B. Ministry of Home Affairs
- C. Ministry of Defence
- D. Ministry of Railways
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The scheme was launched in 1955 by the Ministry of Home Affairs and is now run by the Department of Official Language, also under MHA.
1123. In which year was the Official Language Commission (first) report submitted to the President?
- A. 1963
- B. 1956
- C. 1950
- D. 1968
Answer: 1956
Explanation: The Kher Commission, constituted in 1955, submitted its report in 1956.
1124. Which of the following is the script prescribed for Hindi as official language of the Union?
- A. Kaithi
- B. Devanagari
- C. Gurmukhi
- D. Roman
Answer: Devanagari
Explanation: Article 343(1) specifies Hindi in the Devanagari script.
1125. When did the Constitution's provision on a 15-year transitional period for English (Article 343(2)) lapse?
- A. On 26 January 1965
- B. On 26 January 1975
- C. On 15 August 1962
- D. On 26 January 1960
Answer: On 26 January 1965
Explanation: Fifteen years from 26 January 1950 ended on 26 January 1965.
1126. The Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities currently functions under which Union Ministry?
- A. Ministry of Home Affairs
- B. Ministry of Education
- C. Ministry of Law
- D. Ministry of Minority Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Minority Affairs
Explanation: The CLM office is attached to the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
1127. The Constitution requires the President to appoint the Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities. His office is also commonly called:
- A. Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities
- B. Hindi Adhikari
- C. Registrar of Languages
- D. Language Ombudsman
Answer: Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities
Explanation: The office is known as the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities (CLM) under the Ministry of Minority Affairs.
1128. The Central Hindi Directorate is under which Ministry?
- A. Ministry of Home Affairs
- B. Ministry of Culture
- C. Ministry of Education
- D. Ministry of Railways
Answer: Ministry of Education
Explanation: The Central Hindi Directorate, set up in 1960, functions under the Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education.
1129. Who administers the Official Languages Act, 1963 and the Official Language Rules, 1976 at the Union level?
- A. Ministry of Law and Justice
- B. Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
- C. Ministry of Culture
- D. Ministry of Education
Answer: Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Department of Official Language (MHA) is responsible for implementation of the constitutional and statutory provisions relating to the official language.
1130. Under Article 343(2), the Official Languages Act, 1963 and Article 343(3) together ensure that English can continue as:
- A. The sole official language
- B. An associate official language alongside Hindi
- C. The language of local bodies only
- D. A repealed language
Answer: An associate official language alongside Hindi
Explanation: Parliament used Article 343(3) to allow English as an associate official language beyond 1965.
1131. The 71st Amendment (1992) and 92nd Amendment (2003) together added how many languages to the Eighth Schedule?
- A. 3
- B. 7
- C. 6
- D. 4
Answer: 7
Explanation: Three were added in 1992 (Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali) and four in 2003 (Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali), totalling seven.
1132. The Constitution Eighth Schedule's current list contains 22 languages. How many were added after 1967 (i.e. after Sindhi)?
- A. 10
- B. 5
- C. 7
- D. 8
Answer: 7
Explanation: After Sindhi made 15, Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali (1992) made 18, then Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali (2003) made 22, i.e. 7 more; Odia in 2011 was only a renaming.
1133. According to the proviso to Article 348(2), a High Court's judgments, decrees and orders, even when proceedings are in Hindi, remain in:
- A. English
- B. Hindi
- C. Sanskrit
- D. The Governor's choice
Answer: English
Explanation: The proviso keeps judgments, decrees and orders in English, unless Parliament provides otherwise (Section 7 permits Hindi with an English translation).
1134. Which Article was amended/inserted by the Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987 to provide for an authoritative Hindi text of the Constitution?
- A. Article 394A
- B. Article 351A
- C. Article 343A
- D. Article 350B
Answer: Article 394A
Explanation: Article 394A authorises the President to publish the Hindi translation of the Constitution, deemed authoritative.
1135. The 1965 anti-Hindi agitation in Tamil Nadu began on which date, when Hindi was due to become the sole official language?
- A. 26 January 1965
- B. 15 August 1965
- C. 14 September 1965
- D. 2 October 1965
Answer: 26 January 1965
Explanation: 26 January 1965 was the end of the 15-year transitional period under Article 343(2), and was observed as a day of mourning in Tamil Nadu.
1136. The 1967 amendment to the Official Languages Act was passed during the Prime Ministership of:
- A. Indira Gandhi
- B. Charan Singh
- C. Lal Bahadur Shastri
- D. Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: Indira Gandhi
Explanation: Indira Gandhi was PM in December 1967; the amendment gave statutory effect to Shastri's 1965 assurances.
1137. The Official Languages Act, 1963 was passed during the Prime Ministership of:
- A. Morarji Desai
- B. Lal Bahadur Shastri
- C. Jawaharlal Nehru
- D. Indira Gandhi
Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru
Explanation: The Act was enacted on 10 May 1963 under Nehru; the 1967 amendment came under Indira Gandhi.
1138. What is the maximum number of members of the Parliamentary Committee on Official Language from the Rajya Sabha?
- A. 20
- B. 5
- C. 10
- D. 15
Answer: 10
Explanation: Of the 30 members, 20 are from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha.
1139. The Article of the Constitution which declares that, until Parliament provides otherwise, the language of communication between two States shall be the Union's official language is:
- A. Article 343
- B. Article 120
- C. Article 345
- D. Article 346
Answer: Article 346
Explanation: Article 346 deals with the official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
1140. A State wants all its Acts in Marathi. For the Hindi translation of such Acts, which provision of the Official Languages Act, 1963 applies?
- A. Section 4
- B. Section 6
- C. Section 8
- D. Section 2
Answer: Section 6
Explanation: Section 6 provides for a Hindi translation of State Acts published in the State's official language.
1141. An office has 85% of its staff with working knowledge of Hindi. What action may the Central Government take under Rule 10(4)?
- A. Transfer the office to a State
- B. Notify the office in the Official Gazette
- C. Declare it exempt from the Act
- D. Close the office
Answer: Notify the office in the Official Gazette
Explanation: When 80% or more of the staff have working knowledge of Hindi, the office is notified in the Gazette under Rule 10(4).
1142. A group in a State demands official recognition of its language across the State. The President may direct such recognition under:
- A. Article 350A
- B. Article 347
- C. Article 349
- D. Article 345
Answer: Article 347
Explanation: Article 347 empowers the President to give such a direction where a substantial proportion of the population desire it.
1143. The Governor of a State wishes to authorise Hindi for proceedings of the State's High Court. What does Article 348(2) require?
- A. Consent of the Chief Justice of India
- B. Resolution of both Houses of Parliament
- C. Previous consent of the President
- D. Approval of the Law Commission
Answer: Previous consent of the President
Explanation: Under Article 348(2) the Governor needs the President's previous consent to authorise Hindi or the State's official language in High Court proceedings.
1144. A person in Odisha submits a grievance in Odia to a Union Government officer. Which Constitutional provision protects his right to do so?
- A. Article 344
- B. Article 394A
- C. Article 348
- D. Article 350
Answer: Article 350
Explanation: Article 350 guarantees representation for redress of grievances in any language used in the Union or the State.
1145. A Central Government department issues a tender notice only in English. Which provision is violated?
- A. Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, read with Rule 6
- B. Article 120
- C. Section 7 of the Act
- D. Article 348(3)
Answer: Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, read with Rule 6
Explanation: Tender forms and notices are listed in Section 3(3)(iii) and must be issued in both Hindi and English.
1146. A Central Government office in Delhi (Region A) receives a letter written in Hindi from a private citizen in Kerala. Under Rule 5 of the Official Language Rules, 1976, the reply must be sent in:
- A. Hindi
- B. Malayalam
- C. Hindi and Malayalam both
- D. English
Answer: Hindi
Explanation: Rule 5 requires that a letter in Hindi, irrespective of the region of origin, be answered in Hindi.
1147. Under Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, who bears the responsibility of ensuring that the documents are issued in both Hindi and English, as per Rule 6?
- A. The Auditor
- B. The person signing the document
- C. The Chief Justice
- D. The Post Master
Answer: The person signing the document
Explanation: Rule 6 makes the person signing such a document responsible for ensuring it is issued bilingually.
1148. Which Constituent Assembly member was a prominent advocate of making Hindi the national language, famously clashing with South Indian members?
- A. H. N. Kunzru
- B. T. T. Krishnamachari
- C. Jaipal Singh
- D. R. V. Dhulekar
Answer: R. V. Dhulekar
Explanation: R. V. Dhulekar was among the strongest Hindi advocates in the Assembly debates of 1949.
1149. The Rashtra Bhasha Prachar Samiti, which conducts the Rashtrabhasha examinations (Parichay, Kovid, etc.), is based at:
- A. Prayag
- B. Chennai
- C. Wardha
- D. Agra
Answer: Wardha
Explanation: The Samiti was founded in Wardha in 1936 at Gandhi's initiative.
1150. Mahatma Gandhi presided over which session of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in 1918, where he urged propagation of Hindi in the South?
- A. Indore session
- B. Delhi session
- C. Patna session
- D. Kanpur session
Answer: Indore session
Explanation: At the Indore session (1918) Gandhi pressed for Hindi as the link language, leading to the Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha.
1151. Who was the first Hindi writer to receive the Jnanpith Award (1968)?
- A. Mahadevi Verma
- B. Sumitranandan Pant
- C. Harivansh Rai Bachchan
- D. Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
Answer: Sumitranandan Pant
Explanation: Sumitranandan Pant received it in 1968 for 'Chidambara'; the first Jnanpith (1965) went to G. Sankara Kurup (Malayalam).
1152. Which of the following is NOT one of the six official languages of the United Nations?
- A. Russian
- B. Arabic
- C. Hindi
- D. Spanish
Answer: Hindi
Explanation: The UN's six official languages are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish.
1153. The Hindi Shabda Sagar, a landmark Hindi dictionary (1922-29), was compiled under the aegis of:
- A. CSTT
- B. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Prayag
- C. Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Kashi
- D. Sahitya Akademi
Answer: Nagari Pracharini Sabha, Kashi
Explanation: The Nagari Pracharini Sabha compiled it with Shyam Sundar Das as chief editor.
1154. The long title of the Official Languages Act, 1963 states it is an Act to provide for the languages which may be used for:
- A. Official purposes of the Union, Parliament business, Central and State Acts and High Court purposes
- B. Only Parliament debates
- C. Only school education
- D. Only railway operations
Answer: Official purposes of the Union, Parliament business, Central and State Acts and High Court purposes
Explanation: The Act provides for languages for the official purposes of the Union, transaction of business in Parliament, Central and State Acts and certain purposes in High Courts.
1155. What is the 'appointed day' under the Official Languages Act, 1963 for the purposes of Section 3?
- A. 26 January 1950
- B. 14 September 1949
- C. 26 January 1965
- D. 10 May 1963
Answer: 26 January 1965
Explanation: The Act's Section 2(a) defines 'appointed day' as 26 January 1965.
1156. Article 29(2) bars denial of admission to a State-funded educational institution on grounds only of:
- A. Domicile
- B. Religion, race, caste or language
- C. Income
- D. Age
Answer: Religion, race, caste or language
Explanation: Article 29(2): no citizen shall be denied admission into any State-maintained or State-aided educational institution on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.
1157. The Official Language (Use for Official Purposes of the Union) Order of the President, issued following the Pant Committee's report, bears the date:
- A. 10 May 1963
- B. 26 January 1950
- C. 27 April 1960
- D. 14 September 1949
Answer: 27 April 1960
Explanation: The President's Order of 27 April 1960 implemented the Committee's recommendations on progressive use of Hindi under Article 343(2) proviso.
1158. Which is regarded as the first Hindi newspaper, published from Kolkata in 1826?
- A. Aaj
- B. Udant Martand
- C. Bharat Mitra
- D. Pratap
Answer: Udant Martand
Explanation: Udant Martand, edited by Pt. Jugal Kishore Shukla, first appeared on 30 May 1826 (observed as Hindi Journalism Day).
1159. The United Nations declared 2022-2032 as the International Decade of:
- A. Sanskrit
- B. Hindi
- C. Indigenous Languages
- D. Sign Language
Answer: Indigenous Languages
Explanation: The UN General Assembly proclaimed 2022-2032 as the International Decade of Indigenous Languages.
1160. International Mother Language Day, observed on 21 February, commemorates the 1952 language movement in:
- A. Chennai
- B. Colombo
- C. Kathmandu
- D. Dhaka (East Pakistan)
Answer: Dhaka (East Pakistan)
Explanation: UNESCO proclaimed the day in 1999 (observed since 2000) to honour the Bengali Language Movement of 21 February 1952.
1161. 'Bhashini', launched in 2022, is a Government of India initiative for:
- A. Railway ticketing
- B. Printing of Hindi textbooks
- C. Recruitment of translators
- D. AI-based language translation to enable use of Indian languages across digital services
Answer: AI-based language translation to enable use of Indian languages across digital services
Explanation: Bhashini is the National Language Translation Mission under Digital India, launched in July 2022.
1162. The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), a Government of India institution for language development, is headquartered at:
- A. Mysuru
- B. Pune
- C. Hyderabad
- D. Chennai
Answer: Mysuru
Explanation: CIIL was established in 1969 at Mysuru; it also operates the National Translation Mission (launched 2008).
1163. According to Census 2011, how many people reported Sanskrit as their mother tongue?
- A. 12 crore
- B. 2.5 lakh
- C. 1,000
- D. 24,821
Answer: 24,821
Explanation: Census 2011 recorded 24,821 persons with Sanskrit as mother tongue.
1164. The People's Linguistic Survey of India, led by Ganesh Devy, identified approximately how many living languages?
- A. 22
- B. 1,500
- C. 780
- D. 121
Answer: 780
Explanation: The survey (2010-13) documented 780 languages in India, and noted about 220 had vanished in the preceding five decades.
1165. George Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India (1898-1928) recorded how many languages and dialects?
- A. 22 languages and 100 dialects
- B. 179 languages and 544 dialects
- C. 1,652 languages and 3,000 dialects
- D. 50 languages and 200 dialects
Answer: 179 languages and 544 dialects
Explanation: Grierson's survey recorded 179 languages and 544 dialects.
1166. Bombay State was divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat on:
- A. 26 January 1966
- B. 1 November 1966
- C. 1 November 1956
- D. 1 May 1960
Answer: 1 May 1960
Explanation: The Bombay Reorganisation Act, 1960 created Maharashtra and Gujarat with effect from 1 May 1960.
1167. Which Constitutional Amendment implemented the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 and abolished the A, B, C, D classification of States?
- A. Fifth Amendment
- B. Tenth Amendment
- C. Twelfth Amendment
- D. Seventh Amendment
Answer: Seventh Amendment
Explanation: The Seventh Amendment (1956) replaced the four-fold classification with 14 States and 6 Union Territories; it also inserted Articles 350A and 350B.
1168. The Dar Commission (1948) and the JVP Committee (1948) on reorganisation of States respectively concluded that:
- A. Only Hindi-speaking States be formed
- B. Reorganisation on linguistic basis should be immediately accepted
- C. Reorganisation purely on linguistic basis was not advisable at that time
- D. All princely States be merged into one
Answer: Reorganisation purely on linguistic basis was not advisable at that time
Explanation: Both advised against purely linguistic reorganisation at that time, citing administrative convenience and national unity; the JVP Committee comprised Jawaharlal Nehru, Vallabhbhai Patel and Pattabhi Sitaramayya.
1169. Which was the first State formed on a linguistic basis after Independence (October 1953)?
- A. Kerala
- B. Maharashtra
- C. Andhra State
- D. Karnataka
Answer: Andhra State
Explanation: Andhra State was carved out of Madras State on 1 October 1953 after Potti Sriramulu's fast unto death (he died on 15 December 1952).
1170. The States Reorganisation Commission (1953), which recommended linguistic reorganisation of States, was headed by:
- A. H. N. Kunzru
- B. Fazl Ali
- C. S. K. Dar
- D. K. M. Panikkar
Answer: Fazl Ali
Explanation: The three-member SRC comprised Fazl Ali (chairman), K. M. Panikkar and H. N. Kunzru; its report (1955) led to the States Reorganisation Act, 1956.
1171. Under Rule 2 of the Official Language Rules, 1976, which of the following is included in the term 'Central Government office'?
- A. State Government departments
- B. Private universities
- C. Municipal corporations
- D. Corporations and companies owned or controlled by the Central Government
Answer: Corporations and companies owned or controlled by the Central Government
Explanation: 'Central Government office' includes Ministries, departments, attached and subordinate offices, commissions/committees/tribunals appointed by the Central Government, and corporations or companies owned or controlled by it.
1172. The Eighth Schedule is primarily relevant for which two Constitutional purposes?
- A. Anti-defection and oath
- B. Division of taxes and land reforms
- C. Representation on the Official Language Commission and enrichment of Hindi (Articles 344 and 351)
- D. Allocation of Rajya Sabha seats and tribal areas
Answer: Representation on the Official Language Commission and enrichment of Hindi (Articles 344 and 351)
Explanation: The Eighth Schedule languages matter for Article 344(1) (Commission membership) and Article 351 (enriching Hindi).
1173. Which Article refers to the Eighth Schedule in connection with the assimilation of forms, style and expressions of other Indian languages into Hindi?
- A. Article 343
- B. Article 351
- C. Article 346
- D. Article 120
Answer: Article 351
Explanation: Article 351 asks the Union to develop Hindi by assimilating forms, style and expressions of Hindustani and the languages specified in the Eighth Schedule.
1174. How many Chapters does Part XVII of the Constitution contain, and what is the title of Chapter II?
- A. Four; Regional Languages
- B. Four; Special Directives
- C. Three; Language of the Union
- D. Five; Regional Languages
Answer: Four; Regional Languages
Explanation: Part XVII has four Chapters: I Language of the Union, II Regional Languages, III Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts etc., and IV Special Directives.
1175. Article 348(3) provides that where a State Legislature prescribes a language other than English for its Bills and Acts, an English translation must be:
- A. Published in the Official Gazette of the State
- B. Published only in Delhi
- C. Optional
- D. Kept secret
Answer: Published in the Official Gazette of the State
Explanation: Article 348(3): the translation in English is to be published under the authority of the Governor in the Official Gazette of that State.
1176. The authoritative texts of Bills, Acts and Ordinances of Parliament must, under Article 348(1)(b), be in:
- A. Hindi only
- B. Any Eighth Schedule language
- C. Sanskrit
- D. English (until Parliament by law provides otherwise)
Answer: English (until Parliament by law provides otherwise)
Explanation: Article 348(1)(b) makes English the language of authoritative texts of Bills, Acts, ordinances, orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws until Parliament provides otherwise.
1177. What is the title of Part XVII of the Constitution?
- A. Miscellaneous
- B. Citizenship
- C. Services under the Union and the States
- D. Official Language
Answer: Official Language
Explanation: Part XVII (Articles 343-351) is titled 'Official Language'.
1178. Which Article deals with the language to be used in the Supreme Court, High Courts and for Bills and Acts?
- A. Article 351
- B. Article 347
- C. Article 348
- D. Article 345
Answer: Article 348
Explanation: Article 348 is titled 'Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.'
1179. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT?
- A. Article 347 - recognition of a language spoken by a section of a State's population
- B. Article 350B - Special Officer for linguistic minorities
- C. Article 346 - language of the Supreme Court proceedings
- D. Article 349 - special procedure for enacting language laws
Answer: Article 346 - language of the Supreme Court proceedings
Explanation: Article 346 concerns the official language for inter-State and State-Union communication; Supreme Court language is under Article 348.
1180. Which two Union Ministers resigned in February 1965 during the anti-Hindi agitation in Tamil Nadu?
- A. S. Radhakrishnan and V. K. Krishna Menon
- B. T. T. Krishnamachari and K. Kamaraj
- C. C. Subramaniam and O. V. Alagesan
- D. Y. B. Chavan and Gulzarilal Nanda
Answer: C. Subramaniam and O. V. Alagesan
Explanation: C. Subramaniam and O. V. Alagesan resigned from Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri's Cabinet in February 1965; Shastri then gave assurances on English.
1181. The Tamil Nadu Assembly adopted a two-language policy (Tamil and English) in 1968 under the Chief Ministership of:
- A. M. G. Ramachandran
- B. K. Kamaraj
- C. C. N. Annadurai
- D. J. Jayalalithaa
Answer: C. N. Annadurai
Explanation: C. N. Annadurai's DMK government (from 1967) adopted the two-language policy in 1968, dropping Hindi from the school curriculum.
1182. The anti-Hindi agitations in the Madras Presidency in 1937-39 were provoked by the introduction of compulsory Hindi in schools by the Ministry headed by:
- A. M. Karunanidhi
- B. C. Rajagopalachari
- C. K. Kamaraj
- D. C. N. Annadurai
Answer: C. Rajagopalachari
Explanation: Chief Minister C. Rajagopalachari's 1937 order making Hindi compulsory triggered the first anti-Hindi agitation, associated with Periyar E. V. Ramasamy.
1183. The Constitution does not designate any language as the 'national language'; Hindi is described as:
- A. The language of the Eighth Schedule only
- B. The state language of all States
- C. The official language of the Union
- D. The only language of the judiciary
Answer: The official language of the Union
Explanation: Article 343(1) describes Hindi in Devanagari as the official language of the Union; the Constitution uses no term 'national language'.
1184. In T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court held that for the purposes of Article 30, a linguistic minority is to be determined with reference to:
- A. The State, and not India as a whole
- B. The district
- C. The village
- D. The whole of India
Answer: The State, and not India as a whole
Explanation: The 11-judge Bench held that, since States are organised on linguistic lines, linguistic (and religious) minorities are determined State-wise.
1185. In the case concerning Karnataka's policy on mother-tongue instruction (2014), the Supreme Court Constitution Bench held that the State:
- A. Must abolish English-medium schools
- B. Can compel primary schools to teach only in the mother tongue
- C. Cannot impose mother tongue as the medium of instruction on pupils in primary schools
- D. May ban all linguistic minority schools
Answer: Cannot impose mother tongue as the medium of instruction on pupils in primary schools
Explanation: In State of Karnataka v. Associated Management of English Medium Primary and Secondary Schools (2014), the Court held the State cannot impose mother tongue as the medium of instruction; the choice rests with the child and parents.
1186. The Indira Gandhi Rajbhasa Puraskar Yojana of the Department of Official Language rewards:
- A. Best Hindi film of the year
- B. Best school in Hindi-speaking States
- C. Best performing offices, boards, banks and PSUs in implementing the official language policy
- D. Best foreign scholar of Hindi
Answer: Best performing offices, boards, banks and PSUs in implementing the official language policy
Explanation: The scheme, in force since 1986-87, honours Ministries, departments, banks, undertakings and Town Official Language Implementation Committees for outstanding implementation.
1187. The 11th World Hindi Conference (2018) was held in:
- A. Nadi, Fiji
- B. Bhopal
- C. New York
- D. Port Louis, Mauritius
Answer: Port Louis, Mauritius
Explanation: The 10th conference was at Bhopal (2015), the 11th at Port Louis (2018), and the 12th at Nadi, Fiji (2023).
1188. Where is the headquarters of the World Hindi Secretariat, set up to promote Hindi internationally?
- A. Port Louis, Mauritius
- B. Paramaribo, Suriname
- C. Suva, Fiji
- D. Kathmandu, Nepal
Answer: Port Louis, Mauritius
Explanation: The World Hindi Secretariat is headquartered in Mauritius, operationalised after an India-Mauritius agreement.
1189. How many languages appear in the language panel on the reverse of Indian banknotes, in addition to Hindi and English on the face?
- A. 15
- B. 10
- C. 22
- D. 8
Answer: 15
Explanation: The language panel on the reverse shows the denomination in 15 Indian languages; Hindi and English appear on the main face.
1190. Which non-scheduled language had the largest number of speakers in Census 2011?
- A. Mizo
- B. Tulu
- C. Bhili/Bhilodi
- D. Garo
Answer: Bhili/Bhilodi
Explanation: Bhili/Bhilodi, with about 1.04 crore speakers, was the largest non-scheduled language, followed by Gondi.
1191. Among Scheduled languages, which language had the second largest number of mother-tongue speakers in Census 2011?
- A. Telugu
- B. Tamil
- C. Bengali
- D. Marathi
Answer: Bengali
Explanation: After Hindi (43.63%), Bengali (8.03%) was second, followed by Marathi (6.86%), Telugu (6.70%) and Tamil (5.70%).
1192. According to Census 2011, how many languages (22 scheduled and the rest non-scheduled) were reported in India's linguistic analysis?
- A. 1,652
- B. 121
- C. 22
- D. 200
Answer: 121
Explanation: Census 2011 language data lists 121 languages: 22 scheduled and 99 non-scheduled languages with 10,000 or more speakers.
1193. Which scholar is associated with having championed Hindi's adoption in the Constituent Assembly as a leading proponent and later President of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan?
- A. Maulana Azad
- B. B. R. Ambedkar
- C. Purushottam Das Tandon
- D. Jawaharlal Nehru
Answer: Purushottam Das Tandon
Explanation: Purushottam Das Tandon, a Constituent Assembly member, vigorously advocated Hindi as the national language.
1194. The Nagari Pracharini Sabha, an early institution for promoting Hindi and Devanagari, was founded in 1893 at:
- A. Patna
- B. Delhi
- C. Banaras (Varanasi)
- D. Allahabad
Answer: Banaras (Varanasi)
Explanation: The Nagari Pracharini Sabha was founded in 1893 at Banaras by Shyam Sundar Das and others; it produced the Hindi Shabda Sagar dictionary.
1195. Which freedom-movement-era body, founded in 1918 by Mahatma Gandhi, spread Hindi in southern India?
- A. Hindi Sahitya Sammelan Prayag
- B. Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha
- C. Rashtra Bhasha Prachar Samiti
- D. Nagari Pracharini Sabha
Answer: Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha
Explanation: The Dakshina Bharat Hindi Prachar Sabha (headquartered at Chennai) was founded in 1918 at Gandhi's initiative; Rashtra Bhasha Prachar Samiti, Wardha dates from 1936.
1196. The 'Munshi-Ayyangar formula' is named after K. M. Munshi and:
- A. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
- B. C. Rajagopalachari
- C. T. T. Krishnamachari
- D. S. Radhakrishnan
Answer: N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Explanation: The compromise on the language question in the Constituent Assembly was framed by K. M. Munshi and N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar.
1197. Rules made under Section 8 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 must be laid before:
- A. Each House of Parliament
- B. The Cabinet Secretary
- C. The Supreme Court
- D. The President only
Answer: Each House of Parliament
Explanation: Section 8(2): every rule made under the Act shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament.
1198. Section 6 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 provides for the Hindi translation of:
- A. State Acts or ordinances published in a language other than Hindi
- B. Central Acts only
- C. Supreme Court judgments only
- D. Newspapers
Answer: State Acts or ordinances published in a language other than Hindi
Explanation: Section 6: where a State Legislature has prescribed a language other than Hindi for its Acts, an authorised Hindi translation may be published in the State's Official Gazette.
1199. The Official Languages Act, 1963 describes English as the language which 'may continue to be used' in addition to Hindi for:
- A. Only private use
- B. Only in the Supreme Court
- C. Only in schools
- D. All official purposes of the Union for which it was used before 26 January 1965, and in Parliament
Answer: All official purposes of the Union for which it was used before 26 January 1965, and in Parliament
Explanation: Section 3(1) permits English, in addition to Hindi, for all official purposes of the Union for which it was being used before 26 January 1965, and for the transaction of business in Parliament.
1200. Which of the following Eighth Schedule languages is written in the Devanagari script?
- A. Tamil
- B. Marathi
- C. Gujarati
- D. Punjabi (Gurmukhi)
Answer: Marathi
Explanation: Marathi, Hindi, Sanskrit, Nepali, Konkani (in Goa), Maithili, Bodo and Dogri are commonly written in Devanagari.
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