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641. Which Hockey India league, restarted in 2024, was previously played from 2013 to 2017?
- A. Hockey India League
- B. Super Hockey League
- C. Pro Hockey League
- D. Premier Hockey League
Answer: Hockey India League
Explanation: HIL was revived in December 2024 with a men's and women's league.
642. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna was renamed in August 2021 in honour of:
- A. Major Dhyan Chand
- B. Mary Kom
- C. Kapil Dev
- D. Milkha Singh
Answer: Major Dhyan Chand
Explanation: It is now the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award, India's highest sporting honour.
643. The 'Khelo India Youth Games' were first held in January 2018 in:
- A. Bhopal
- B. Guwahati
- C. New Delhi
- D. Pune
Answer: New Delhi
Explanation: The inaugural edition was in New Delhi; later editions were in Pune (2019), Guwahati (2020) and Panchkula (2021).
644. Who was India's goalkeeper-turned-legend of hockey, who retired after the Paris 2024 Olympics, with two bronze medals?
- A. Harmanpreet Singh
- B. P.R. Sreejesh
- C. Savita Punia
- D. Manpreet Singh
Answer: P.R. Sreejesh
Explanation: Sreejesh won bronze at Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024 and became the junior team coach.
645. Who won India's first Commonwealth Games gold medal in athletics, at Cardiff in 1958?
- A. Joginder Singh
- B. Parduman Singh
- C. Milkha Singh
- D. Gurbachan Singh Randhawa
Answer: Milkha Singh
Explanation: Milkha Singh won the 440 yards, also winning Asian Games golds in 1958 and 1962.
646. India's medal count at the 2022 Birmingham Commonwealth Games was:
- A. 50 (14 gold)
- B. 101 (38 gold)
- C. 66 (26 gold)
- D. 61 (22 gold)
Answer: 61 (22 gold)
Explanation: India finished fourth; the 2010 Delhi Games remain its best with 101 medals.
647. India's medal tally at the 2023 Hangzhou Asian Games was:
- A. 61 (22 gold)
- B. 107 (28 gold)
- C. 70 (16 gold)
- D. 57 (11 gold)
Answer: 107 (28 gold)
Explanation: It was India's best-ever Asian Games haul, up from 70 in Jakarta 2018.
648. The first Asian Games, held in 1951, took place in:
- A. Bangkok
- B. New Delhi
- C. Tokyo
- D. Manila
Answer: New Delhi
Explanation: G.D. Sondhi proposed the Games; India hosted again in 1982.
649. In 1911, Mohun Bagan became the first Indian club to win the IFA Shield by defeating:
- A. Dalhousie AC
- B. Calcutta FC
- C. Royal Scots
- D. East Yorkshire Regiment
Answer: East Yorkshire Regiment
Explanation: Mohun Bagan won 2-1 on 29 July 1911, playing barefoot, a landmark during the freedom struggle.
650. Who was the first Indian footballer to play professionally in Europe, joining Bury FC in 1999?
- A. Baichung Singh
- B. I.M. Vijayan
- C. Bhaichung Bhutia
- D. Sunil Chhetri
Answer: Bhaichung Bhutia
Explanation: Bhutia, the 'Sikkimese Sniper', later played for Mohun Bagan and East Bengal.
651. Sunil Chhetri played his final international match for India on 6 June 2024 against:
- A. Bangladesh
- B. Kuwait
- C. Afghanistan
- D. Qatar
Answer: Kuwait
Explanation: The 0-0 draw at Salt Lake Stadium, Kolkata ended his career with 94 international goals.
652. Which Indian footballer scored a hat-trick against Australia at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics, the first by an Asian at the Games?
- A. Chuni Goswami
- B. Neville D'Souza
- C. P.K. Banerjee
- D. Sailen Manna
Answer: Neville D'Souza
Explanation: India beat Australia 4-2 and finished fourth, coached by Syed Abdul Rahim.
653. In the 2002 NatWest Series final at Lord's, which two batters chased down 326 for India?
- A. Sachin Tendulkar and Rahul Dravid
- B. Harbhajan Singh and Zaheer Khan
- C. Sourav Ganguly and Virender Sehwag
- D. Mohammad Kaif and Yuvraj Singh
Answer: Mohammad Kaif and Yuvraj Singh
Explanation: Kaif's unbeaten 87 and Yuvraj's 69 sealed a 2-wicket win over England on 13 July 2002.
654. Mithali Raj, who retired in 2022, is the highest run-scorer in women's international cricket in which format?
- A. Test
- B. ODI
- C. All three equally
- D. T20I
Answer: ODI
Explanation: Mithali scored 7,805 ODI runs (later passed by others in some listings); she was captain in two World Cup finals.
655. Who captained India to its first Test series win overseas, in New Zealand in 1968?
- A. Ajit Wadekar
- B. Polly Umrigar
- C. Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi
- D. Nari Contractor
Answer: Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi
Explanation: The Nawab of Pataudi Jr. led India to a 3-1 win; Wadekar won in West Indies and England in 1971.
656. India's first Test victory, in 1952, was against England at:
- A. Bombay
- B. Delhi
- C. Madras (Chepauk)
- D. Calcutta
Answer: Madras (Chepauk)
Explanation: India won by an innings and 8 runs at Chepauk, with Vinoo Mankad taking 8 wickets in the 2nd innings.
657. India played its first Test match in 1932 at Lord's; who captained India in that match?
- A. Maharaj Kumar of Vizianagram
- B. Iftikhar Ali Khan Pataudi
- C. Lala Amarnath
- D. C.K. Nayudu
Answer: C.K. Nayudu
Explanation: C.K. Nayudu led India in the 1932 Lord's Test, as the Maharaja of Porbandar had withdrawn.
658. The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) was formed in:
- A. 1932
- B. 1919
- C. 1928
- D. 1947
Answer: 1928
Explanation: BCCI was registered in Madras in December 1928; R.E. Grant Govan was the first president.
659. The 2023 ODI World Cup final, in which India lost to Australia, was held at:
- A. Wankhede Stadium, Mumbai
- B. Eden Gardens, Kolkata
- C. MA Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai
- D. Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
Answer: Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
Explanation: Australia won the final on 19 Nov 2023 by 6 wickets, their sixth title.
660. Which stadium, renamed in February 2021, is the world's largest cricket stadium by capacity (about 1.3 lakh)?
- A. Wankhede Stadium
- B. Melbourne Cricket Ground
- C. Eden Gardens, Kolkata
- D. Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
Answer: Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad
Explanation: It was formerly the Sardar Patel Stadium (Motera) and hosted the 2023 World Cup final.
661. The Vijay Hazare Trophy is India's domestic tournament in which cricket format?
- A. Four-day first-class
- B. Twenty20
- C. One-day (List A)
- D. Test
Answer: One-day (List A)
Explanation: The Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy is the domestic T20 tournament.
662. The Beighton Cup, one of the oldest tournaments in India, is contested in which sport?
- A. Polo
- B. Badminton
- C. Football
- D. Hockey
Answer: Hockey
Explanation: The Beighton Cup (hockey) has been held in Kolkata since 1895; the Aga Khan Cup is another hockey tournament.
663. The Subroto Cup, an international inter-school tournament, is associated with which sport?
- A. Kabaddi
- B. Football
- C. Hockey
- D. Cricket
Answer: Football
Explanation: It is named after Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, the first Indian Air Force chief, and is organised by the IAF.
664. Which Indian paddler won a silver medal in women's singles class 4 table tennis at the Tokyo 2020 Paralympics?
- A. Avani Lekhara
- B. Bhavina Patel
- C. Pranav Soorma
- D. Sonalben Patel
Answer: Bhavina Patel
Explanation: Bhavina Patel won silver in the women's singles class 4 at Tokyo 2020.
665. Who was the first Indian to lead a successful Everest expedition team, in 1965, with nine climbers reaching the summit?
- A. Nawang Gombu
- B. Col. Narendra Kumar
- C. Captain M.S. Kohli
- D. Tenzing Norgay
Answer: Captain M.S. Kohli
Explanation: Captain M.S. Kohli led the 1965 Indian expedition; Nawang Gombu became the first to climb Everest twice (1963, 1965).
666. Who was the first Indian to be appointed Governor-General of independent India?
- A. C. Rajagopalachari
- B. Jawaharlal Nehru
- C. Lord Mountbatten
- D. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: C. Rajagopalachari
Explanation: Rajaji succeeded Mountbatten in June 1948 and was the last Governor-General until 1950.
667. Who was the first Muslim President of the Indian National Congress (1887)?
- A. Hakim Ajmal Khan
- B. Badruddin Tyabji
- C. Maulana Azad
- D. Rahmatullah Sayani
Answer: Badruddin Tyabji
Explanation: Badruddin Tyabji presided over the 1887 Madras session.
668. Who was the first Indian to be elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1885 at Bombay?
- A. W.C. Bonnerjee
- B. Dadabhai Naoroji
- C. Badruddin Tyabji
- D. A.O. Hume
Answer: W.C. Bonnerjee
Explanation: W.C. Bonnerjee presided over the first INC session at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay.
669. Who became the first Indian Miss Universe in 1994?
- A. Harnaaz Sandhu
- B. Lara Dutta
- C. Sushmita Sen
- D. Priyanka Chopra
Answer: Sushmita Sen
Explanation: Sushmita Sen won in Manila in 1994; Lara Dutta (2000) and Harnaaz Sandhu (2021) followed.
670. Who was the first Indian woman to be crowned Miss World (1966)?
- A. Yukta Mookhey
- B. Reita Faria
- C. Aishwarya Rai
- D. Diana Hayden
Answer: Reita Faria
Explanation: Reita Faria, a doctor, was the first Asian Miss World; Aishwarya Rai won in 1994.
671. The song 'Naatu Naatu' from 'RRR' won the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 2023; it was composed by:
- A. Amit Trivedi
- B. M.M. Keeravani
- C. Devi Sri Prasad
- D. A.R. Rahman
Answer: M.M. Keeravani
Explanation: Keeravani composed it with lyrics by Chandrabose; 'The Elephant Whisperers' also won the Documentary Short Oscar.
672. Who was the first Indian to win an Academy (Oscar) Award, for costume design in 'Gandhi' (1982)?
- A. Resul Pookutty
- B. A.R. Rahman
- C. Bhanu Athaiya
- D. Satyajit Ray
Answer: Bhanu Athaiya
Explanation: Bhanu Athaiya shared the 1983 Oscar; Satyajit Ray received an Honorary Oscar in 1992.
673. Who was the first woman Speaker of the Lok Sabha (2009)?
- A. Meira Kumar
- B. Sushma Swaraj
- C. Najma Heptulla
- D. Sumitra Mahajan
Answer: Meira Kumar
Explanation: Meira Kumar, daughter of Jagjivan Ram, was Speaker 2009-14.
674. Who was the first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India (1989)?
- A. Leila Seth
- B. Ruma Pal
- C. M. Fathima Beevi
- D. Sujata Manohar
Answer: M. Fathima Beevi
Explanation: Justice Fathima Beevi was appointed in October 1989 and later became Governor of Tamil Nadu.
675. Who was the first Chief Justice of India after the Constitution came into force?
- A. Mehr Chand Mahajan
- B. H.J. Kania
- C. M. Patanjali Sastri
- D. B.K. Mukherjea
Answer: H.J. Kania
Explanation: Harilal Jekisundas Kania took office on 26 Jan 1950 and served until 1951.
676. Who was the first Chief Election Commissioner of India (1950-58)?
- A. K.V.K. Sundaram
- B. S.P. Sen Verma
- C. Sukumar Sen
- D. T.N. Seshan
Answer: Sukumar Sen
Explanation: Sukumar Sen conducted the first two general elections (1951-52, 1957).
677. Who was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Service, in 1863?
- A. Satyendranath Tagore
- B. Romesh Chunder Dutt
- C. Anandaram Baruah
- D. Surendranath Banerjee
Answer: Satyendranath Tagore
Explanation: Satyendranath Tagore, elder brother of Rabindranath, entered the ICS in 1863.
678. Who was the first woman President of the Indian National Congress (1917)?
- A. Annie Besant
- B. Sarojini Naidu
- C. Nellie Sengupta
- D. Sucheta Kripalani
Answer: Annie Besant
Explanation: Annie Besant presided over the 1917 Calcutta session; Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman (1925, Kanpur).
679. Who was the first Indian woman to scale Everest twice, in 1992 and 1993?
- A. Kamlesh Sharma
- B. Bachendri Pal
- C. Santosh Yadav
- D. Premlata Agarwal
Answer: Santosh Yadav
Explanation: Santosh Yadav, from Haryana, was the first woman in the world to climb Everest twice.
680. Who was the first Indian woman to summit Mount Everest (1984)?
- A. Arunima Sinha
- B. Santosh Yadav
- C. Premlata Agarwal
- D. Bachendri Pal
Answer: Bachendri Pal
Explanation: Bachendri Pal reached the summit on 23 May 1984; Santosh Yadav later climbed it twice (1992, 1993).
681. Who was India's first woman Indian Police Service officer, joining in 1972?
- A. Kanchan Chaudhary
- B. Meera Borwankar
- C. Kiran Bedi
- D. Tajdar Babar
Answer: Kiran Bedi
Explanation: Kiran Bedi joined the IPS in 1972 and later won the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1994).
682. Who became India's first woman Chief Minister (Uttar Pradesh, 1963)?
- A. Sucheta Kripalani
- B. Janaki Ramachandran
- C. Nandini Satpathy
- D. Mayawati
Answer: Sucheta Kripalani
Explanation: Sucheta Kripalani was CM of UP from 1963 to 1967.
683. Who was the first woman Governor of an Indian state (Uttar Pradesh, 1947)?
- A. Sucheta Kripalani
- B. Padmaja Naidu
- C. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
- D. Sarojini Naidu
Answer: Sarojini Naidu
Explanation: Sarojini Naidu served as Governor of the United Provinces from 1947 until her death in 1949.
684. National Tourism Day in India is observed on:
- A. 21 April
- B. 25 January
- C. 12 January
- D. 27 September
Answer: 25 January
Explanation: National Tourism Day is on 25 January; World Tourism Day is on 27 September.
685. International Day of Girl Child (UN) is observed on:
- A. 24 January
- B. 11 October
- C. 8 March
- D. 25 November
Answer: 11 October
Explanation: UNGA designated 11 Oct in 2011; National Girl Child Day in India is 24 January.
686. National Girl Child Day is observed in India on:
- A. 5 September
- B. 8 March
- C. 11 October
- D. 24 January
Answer: 24 January
Explanation: It marks Indira Gandhi's assumption of office as PM on 24 Jan 1966 and has been observed since 2008.
687. World Environment Day (5 June) was established by the UN General Assembly in 1972 in connection with which conference?
- A. Montreal Protocol
- B. Stockholm Conference
- C. Kyoto Protocol
- D. Rio Earth Summit
Answer: Stockholm Conference
Explanation: The UN Conference on the Human Environment opened at Stockholm on 5 June 1972; first WED was in 1974.
688. Human Rights Day (10 December) commemorates the adoption in 1948 of the:
- A. Geneva Convention
- B. ICCPR
- C. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
- D. UN Charter
Answer: Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Explanation: UDHR was adopted by the UNGA in Paris on 10 Dec 1948; Eleanor Roosevelt chaired the drafting committee.
689. World Post Day (9 October) commemorates the founding of which body in 1874?
- A. International Telecommunication Union
- B. International Postal Council
- C. Commonwealth Postal Union
- D. Universal Postal Union
Answer: Universal Postal Union
Explanation: The UPU was founded at Bern in 1874; India joined it in 1876.
690. Shaheed Diwas (23 March) remembers the hanging of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru in which year?
- A. 1930
- B. 1931
- C. 1929
- D. 1928
Answer: 1931
Explanation: They were hanged in Lahore Central Jail on 23 March 1931 in the Lahore Conspiracy Case.
691. National Consumer Day (24 December) marks the assent to which Act in 1986?
- A. Essential Commodities Act
- B. Consumer Protection Act, 1986
- C. Competition Act
- D. Sale of Goods Act
Answer: Consumer Protection Act, 1986
Explanation: The CPA 1986 received Presidential assent on 24 Dec 1986; the Consumer Protection Act, 2019 replaced it.
692. World Hindi Day (10 January) commemorates the first World Hindi Conference held in 1975 at:
- A. Delhi
- B. Mauritius
- C. Nagpur
- D. Allahabad
Answer: Nagpur
Explanation: The first World Hindi Conference was held at Nagpur on 10-14 Jan 1975; Hindi Divas (14 Sept) is separate.
693. World Food Day (16 October) commemorates the founding in 1945 of:
- A. UNICEF
- B. UNESCO
- C. FAO
- D. WHO
Answer: FAO
Explanation: The Food and Agriculture Organization was founded on 16 Oct 1945 and is headquartered in Rome.
694. World Red Cross Day (8 May) marks the birth anniversary of:
- A. Clara Barton
- B. Louis Pasteur
- C. Henry Dunant
- D. Florence Nightingale
Answer: Henry Dunant
Explanation: Dunant, born 8 May 1828, founded the Red Cross and shared the first Nobel Peace Prize (1901).
695. International Yoga Day (21 June) was proclaimed by the UN General Assembly in December of which year?
- A. 2014
- B. 2016
- C. 2010
- D. 2015
Answer: 2014
Explanation: UNGA adopted the resolution on 11 Dec 2014 on India's proposal; first celebrated in 2015.
696. Janjatiya Gaurav Divas (15 November) was declared in 2021 to honour the birth anniversary of:
- A. Tilka Manjhi
- B. Rani Durgavati
- C. Alluri Sitarama Raju
- D. Birsa Munda
Answer: Birsa Munda
Explanation: Birsa Munda was born on 15 Nov 1875; Jharkhand's foundation day also falls on 15 Nov (2000).
697. Veer Bal Diwas (26 December) honours the sacrifice of the:
- A. Sons of Maharana Pratap
- B. Sahibzade (sons) of Guru Gobind Singh
- C. Children of the 1857 revolt
- D. Sons of Shivaji
Answer: Sahibzade (sons) of Guru Gobind Singh
Explanation: Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh were bricked alive at Sirhind in December 1705; the day was declared in 2022.
698. National Energy Conservation Day (14 December) is observed by which body's initiative?
- A. Bureau of Energy Efficiency
- B. Central Electricity Authority
- C. Power Grid Corporation
- D. NTPC
Answer: Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Explanation: BEE was set up in 2002 under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and runs the Star Labelling programme.
699. National Pollution Control Day (2 December) commemorates the victims of which disaster?
- A. Chasnala mine
- B. Bhopal gas tragedy
- C. Chernobyl
- D. Uphaar fire
Answer: Bhopal gas tragedy
Explanation: The Union Carbide methyl isocyanate leak occurred on the night of 2-3 December 1984.
700. National Milk Day (26 November) honours the birth anniversary of:
- A. Tribhuvandas Patel
- B. Norman Borlaug
- C. Verghese Kurien
- D. M.S. Swaminathan
Answer: Verghese Kurien
Explanation: Kurien, 'Father of the White Revolution', led Operation Flood and Amul/GCMMF.
701. Anti-Terrorism Day (21 May) is observed in memory of the death anniversary of:
- A. Beant Singh
- B. Indira Gandhi
- C. Lal Bahadur Shastri
- D. Rajiv Gandhi
Answer: Rajiv Gandhi
Explanation: Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated at Sriperumbudur on 21 May 1991.
702. Good Governance Day (25 December) marks the birth anniversary of:
- A. Madan Mohan Malaviya
- B. Jawaharlal Nehru
- C. Chaudhary Charan Singh
- D. Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Answer: Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Explanation: It was instituted in 2014; Malaviya is also born on 25 December (1861).
703. Kisan Diwas (National Farmers' Day) on 23 December marks the birth anniversary of:
- A. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
- B. Chaudhary Charan Singh
- C. Sardar Patel
- D. Lal Bahadur Shastri
Answer: Chaudhary Charan Singh
Explanation: Charan Singh, 5th PM, was born 23 Dec 1902 and received the Bharat Ratna in 2024.
704. National Doctors' Day (1 July) honours the birth and death anniversary of:
- A. Dr B.C. Roy
- B. Dr Homi Bhabha
- C. Dr S. Radhakrishnan
- D. Dr Rajendra Prasad
Answer: Dr B.C. Roy
Explanation: Bidhan Chandra Roy, West Bengal's second Chief Minister, was born and died on 1 July (1882, 1962); Bharat Ratna 1961.
705. Fire Service Day (14 April) in India commemorates the firefighters who died in the 1944 explosion at which port?
- A. Visakhapatnam Port
- B. Calcutta Port
- C. Bombay Docks
- D. Madras Port
Answer: Bombay Docks
Explanation: The 14 April 1944 Bombay Docks explosion (SS Fort Stikine) killed 66 firefighters.
706. The Pingali Venkayya-designed flag of 1921 originally carried which symbol at the centre?
- A. Charkha (spinning wheel)
- B. Ashoka Chakra
- C. Lotus
- D. Sun
Answer: Charkha (spinning wheel)
Explanation: The 1931 Karachi Congress adopted a saffron-white-green flag with the charkha; the Chakra replaced it in 1947.
707. The 'Vande Mataram' was first sung at a Congress session in 1896 in which city, set to music by Tagore?
- A. Lahore
- B. Madras
- C. Bombay
- D. Calcutta
Answer: Calcutta
Explanation: Tagore sang it at the 1896 Calcutta session; Jana Gana Mana was first sung at the 1911 Calcutta session.
708. The Indian peacock (Pavo cristatus) became the National Bird in:
- A. 1973
- B. 1963
- C. 1950
- D. 1972
Answer: 1963
Explanation: It was declared the national bird in 1963; the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 lists it in Schedule I.
709. The Ganga was declared the National River of India in:
- A. 1986
- B. 2008
- C. 2000
- D. 2014
Answer: 2008
Explanation: The declaration came in November 2008 with the setup of the National Ganga River Basin Authority.
710. Which animal was India's National Animal before the tiger replaced it in 1973?
- A. Leopard
- B. Lion
- C. Rhinoceros
- D. Elephant
Answer: Lion
Explanation: The Indian Board for Wildlife replaced the lion with the tiger in 1973 when Project Tiger began.
711. The National Anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was formally adopted by the Constituent Assembly on:
- A. 26 January 1950
- B. 27 December 1911
- C. 15 August 1947
- D. 24 January 1950
Answer: 24 January 1950
Explanation: Rajendra Prasad announced its adoption on 24 Jan 1950, along with Vande Mataram's equal status.
712. The Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 deals with insults to the National Flag, the Constitution and:
- A. The National Song
- B. The President
- C. The State Emblem
- D. The National Anthem
Answer: The National Anthem
Explanation: The Act penalises insults to the Flag, Constitution and National Anthem (Section 3 prevents obstructing singing of the anthem).
713. The 2022 amendment to the Flag Code of India allowed:
- A. Printing the flag on napkins
- B. Flying the flag day and night by open display, including polyester and machine-made flags
- C. Hoisting the flag at half mast daily
- D. Using the flag as a costume
Answer: Flying the flag day and night by open display, including polyester and machine-made flags
Explanation: The December 2021/July 2022 amendments permitted 24-hour flying and polyester or machine-made flags.
714. The ratio of length to width of the Indian National Flag is:
- A. 3:2
- B. 2:1
- C. 4:3
- D. 5:3
Answer: 3:2
Explanation: The Flag Code specifies a 3:2 ratio with three equal horizontal bands.
715. The Indian National Flag was designed in its original form by:
- A. Pingali Venkayya
- B. Annie Besant
- C. Surayya Tyabji
- D. Madam Bhikaji Cama
Answer: Pingali Venkayya
Explanation: Venkayya designed the flag in 1921; Surayya Tyabji is credited with the final flag with the Dharma Chakra.
716. The motto 'Satyameva Jayate' on the State Emblem of India is taken from the:
- A. Bhagavad Gita
- B. Mundaka Upanishad
- C. Rigveda
- D. Chandogya Upanishad
Answer: Mundaka Upanishad
Explanation: The phrase is from the Mundaka Upanishad and was popularised by Madan Mohan Malaviya.
717. The ₹ symbol of the Indian rupee, adopted in July 2010, was designed by:
- A. Pingali Venkayya
- B. Nandan Nilekani
- C. D. Udaya Kumar
- D. Raghuram Rajan
Answer: D. Udaya Kumar
Explanation: D. Udaya Kumar, then an IIT Bombay research scholar, won the design contest.
718. The next decadal Census of India, after the delayed 2021 exercise, has been notified with a reference date of:
- A. 1 March 2027
- B. 1 April 2025
- C. 1 January 2028
- D. 1 March 2026
Answer: 1 March 2027
Explanation: The reference date is 1 March 2027 (1 Oct 2026 for snow-bound areas), and caste enumeration is included.
719. Census is listed in which List of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution?
- A. Residuary list
- B. Concurrent List
- C. Union List (Entry 69)
- D. State List
Answer: Union List (Entry 69)
Explanation: Entry 69 of the Union List covers 'Census'; the Census Act, 1948 governs its conduct.
720. Which census recorded India's lowest-ever sex ratio of 927?
- A. 1991
- B. 1981
- C. 2001
- D. 1971
Answer: 1991
Explanation: Sex ratio was 927 in 1991 and improved to 933 in 2001 and 943 in 2011.
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