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1361. The Official Languages (Amendment) Act that gave statutory form to the assurance of indefinite continuation of English as an associate language was passed in which year?
  1. A. 1967
  2. B. 1963
  3. C. 1976
  4. D. 1987
Answer: 1967
Explanation: The Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967, passed after the 1965 anti-Hindi agitations, amended Section 3 to give English's continued use its present conditional framework.
1362. Section 3(5) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, as amended in 1967, ensures that English continues until what happens?
  1. A. Until the Supreme Court rules on language policy
  2. B. Until resolutions are passed by the Legislature of every State which has not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each House of Parliament
  3. C. Until the President issues an Order under Article 343(2)
  4. D. Until the next Census of India
Answer: Until resolutions are passed by the Legislature of every State which has not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each House of Parliament
Explanation: The 1967 amendment gave statutory effect to Prime Minister Nehru's assurance, so English continues until every non-Hindi State's Legislature and each House of Parliament pass resolutions to discontinue it.
1363. The administrative reports and official papers laid before Parliament are required by Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 to be accompanied by a translation in which language, when drawn in only one of Hindi or English?
  1. A. Only a regional language translation
  2. B. Sanskrit as the classical language of the Union
  3. C. No translation, as Parliament works in two languages
  4. D. The other of the two languages, so that both Hindi and English versions are laid
Answer: The other of the two languages, so that both Hindi and English versions are laid
Explanation: Under Section 3(3)(ii) and Rule 6 of the OL Rules, papers laid before Parliament must be in both Hindi and English.
1364. Which category of Central Government-related bodies is expressly brought under the bilingual requirement of Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, in addition to Ministries and Departments?
  1. A. Private companies that receive any Government grant
  2. B. All Municipal Corporations
  3. C. Corporations or companies owned or controlled by the Central Government
  4. D. Cooperative societies registered under State laws
Answer: Corporations or companies owned or controlled by the Central Government
Explanation: Section 3(3) covers documents issued by a corporation or company owned or controlled by the Central Government or any office of such a corporation or company.
1365. A zonal Railway issues a notice inviting tenders and the tender form for supply of uniforms. Under Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, in which language(s) must the tender form be issued?
  1. A. Hindi only, as Railways are a Central Government body
  2. B. Both Hindi and English
  3. C. English only, as it is a commercial document
  4. D. The regional language of the zone only
Answer: Both Hindi and English
Explanation: Section 3(3)(iii) requires contracts, agreements, licences, permits, notices and forms of tender issued by or on behalf of the Central Government to be bilingual.
1366. Which of the following documents must be issued in both Hindi and English under Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963?
  1. A. Only the internal file notings of a Ministry
  2. B. Only the minutes of departmental promotion committees
  3. C. Only private correspondence of officers
  4. D. Resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative reports and press communiqués issued by the Central Government
Answer: Resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative reports and press communiqués issued by the Central Government
Explanation: Section 3(3) lists resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative or other reports and press communiqués, apart from papers laid before Parliament, contracts, agreements, licences, permits, notices and tender forms.
1367. Section 3(1) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 permits English to continue to be used for which purposes after the appointed day?
  1. A. Only for communication with non-Hindi States
  2. B. Only for judgments of the Supreme Court
  3. C. All official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before that day, and for transaction of business in Parliament
  4. D. Only for the proceedings of the Committee on Official Language
Answer: All official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before that day, and for transaction of business in Parliament
Explanation: Section 3(1) lets English continue 'in addition to Hindi' for the official purposes of the Union for which it was used before 26 January 1965 and for transaction of business in Parliament.
1368. Section 2(b) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 defines 'Hindi' as Hindi in which script?
  1. A. Mahajani script
  2. B. Devanagari script
  3. C. Roman script
  4. D. Kaithi script
Answer: Devanagari script
Explanation: Section 2(b): 'Hindi' means Hindi in Devanagari script.
1369. Under Section 2 of the Official Languages Act, 1963, 'appointed day' is defined as which date?
  1. A. 10 May 1963
  2. B. 15 August 1947
  3. C. 26 January 1950
  4. D. 26 January 1965
Answer: 26 January 1965
Explanation: Section 2(a) defines the 'appointed day' as 26 January 1965, the day after the Article 343(2) fifteen-year period ended.
1370. Sahitya Akademi recognises how many languages for its awards and programmes?
  1. A. 24 languages, including English and Rajasthani along with the 22 scheduled languages
  2. B. 26 languages including Bhojpuri and Tulu
  3. C. 18 languages including Sanskrit
  4. D. 22 languages exactly as in the Eighth Schedule
Answer: 24 languages, including English and Rajasthani along with the 22 scheduled languages
Explanation: Sahitya Akademi (1954) recognises the 22 scheduled languages plus English and Rajasthani, i.e. 24 languages.
1371. The Ninth World Hindi Conference, in 2012, was held in which country?
  1. A. Mauritius (Port Louis)
  2. B. South Africa (Johannesburg)
  3. C. Suriname (Paramaribo)
  4. D. United States (New York)
Answer: South Africa (Johannesburg)
Explanation: The 9th World Hindi Conference was held at Johannesburg in September 2012; New York hosted the 8th in 2007 and Paramaribo the 7th in 2003.
1372. The Tenth World Hindi Conference, held in September 2015, took place at which Indian city?
  1. A. Bhopal
  2. B. Lucknow
  3. C. Nagpur
  4. D. Varanasi
Answer: Bhopal
Explanation: The 10th World Hindi Conference was held in Bhopal (10-12 September 2015).
1373. The first World Hindi Conference, from which World Hindi Day on 10 January derives, was held at which city in 1975?
  1. A. Wardha
  2. B. Delhi
  3. C. Nagpur
  4. D. Port Louis
Answer: Nagpur
Explanation: The first World Hindi Conference was held at Nagpur from 10 to 14 January 1975; World Hindi Day is observed on 10 January from 2006.
1374. The first Hindi Divas (Rashtrabhasha Divas) was celebrated in which year?
  1. A. 1975
  2. B. 1953
  3. C. 1950
  4. D. 1965
Answer: 1953
Explanation: Hindi Divas has been celebrated every year since 14 September 1953.
1375. The Munshi-Ayyangar formula adopted by the Constituent Assembly in 1949 is named after which two members?
  1. A. N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar and Jawaharlal Nehru
  2. B. K.M. Munshi and B.R. Ambedkar
  3. C. Seth Govind Das and R.V. Dhulekar
  4. D. K.M. Munshi and N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Answer: K.M. Munshi and N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar
Explanation: The formula, a compromise between Hindi and English advocates, produced Articles 343-351 of Part XVII.
1376. Hindi Divas is celebrated on 14 September because the Constituent Assembly took which decision on that date in 1949?
  1. A. It listed 14 languages in the Eighth Schedule
  2. B. It adopted Hindi as the national language of India
  3. C. It adopted Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union
  4. D. It passed the Official Languages Act
Answer: It adopted Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union
Explanation: On 14 September 1949 the Constituent Assembly accepted the Munshi-Ayyangar formula, making Hindi in Devanagari the Union's official language; Hindi Divas is observed in commemoration.
1377. Kendriya Hindi Samiti, the apex body for Hindi policy coordination, is chaired by whom?
  1. A. The Speaker of Lok Sabha
  2. B. The Education Minister
  3. C. The Union Home Minister
  4. D. The Prime Minister
Answer: The Prime Minister
Explanation: Kendriya Hindi Samiti, constituted in 1967, is headed by the Prime Minister and advises the Government on policies regarding promotion of Hindi.
1378. The Department of Official Language was created as a separate Department under which Ministry in 1975?
  1. A. Ministry of Home Affairs
  2. B. Ministry of Education
  3. C. Cabinet Secretariat
  4. D. Ministry of Law and Justice
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Department of Official Language, formed in 1975, is a department of the Ministry of Home Affairs and coordinates the Union's implementation of the OL Act and Rules.
1379. The Central Translation Bureau, which translates Government documents into Hindi, functions under which Department?
  1. A. Department of School Education and Literacy
  2. B. Ministry of Culture
  3. C. Department of Legal Affairs
  4. D. Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: Central Translation Bureau, established in 1971, is an attached office of the Department of Official Language and translates Government material into Hindi.
1380. The Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology (CSTT), responsible for evolving Hindi technical vocabulary, was established in which year?
  1. A. 1987
  2. B. 1975
  3. C. 1950
  4. D. 1961
Answer: 1961
Explanation: CSTT was set up in October 1961 under the Ministry of Education to coin standard Hindi and other Indian-language terminology in science, technology and administration.
1381. The Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, set up in 1960 to train Hindi teachers including non-Hindi speakers, has its headquarters at which city?
  1. A. Bhopal
  2. B. Wardha
  3. C. Delhi
  4. D. Agra
Answer: Agra
Explanation: Kendriya Hindi Sansthan, an autonomous body under the Ministry of Education, has its headquarters at Agra.
1382. The Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), which anchors the National Translation Mission, is located in which city?
  1. A. Agra
  2. B. Prayagraj
  3. C. Mysuru
  4. D. Pune
Answer: Mysuru
Explanation: CIIL, established in 1969 and located at Mysuru, hosts the National Translation Mission launched in 2008.
1383. The Three-Language Formula was first evolved at which forum in 1961?
  1. A. The Constituent Assembly
  2. B. The Kothari Commission
  3. C. The Conference of Chief Ministers
  4. D. The Rajya Sabha Committee on Languages
Answer: The Conference of Chief Ministers
Explanation: The Three-Language Formula evolved at the 1961 Chief Ministers' Conference, and was later endorsed by the Kothari Commission (1964-66) and incorporated in the National Policy on Education, 1968.
1384. As per the 2011 Census, which Eighth Schedule language had the second-largest number of mother-tongue speakers after Hindi?
  1. A. Marathi
  2. B. Tamil
  3. C. Bengali
  4. D. Telugu
Answer: Bengali
Explanation: In the 2011 Census, Hindi was the mother tongue of 43.63 per cent of the population, followed by Bengali (about 8 per cent), then Marathi and Telugu.
1385. Which Union Territory-level Act of 2020 made Urdu, Hindi, Kashmiri, Dogri and English the official languages of Jammu and Kashmir?
  1. A. The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020
  2. B. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019
  3. C. The Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 2020
  4. D. The Jammu and Kashmir Linguistic Minorities Act, 2020
Answer: The Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Act, 2020
Explanation: The J&K Official Languages Act, 2020 added Hindi, Kashmiri and Dogri to Urdu and English as official languages of the Union Territory.
1386. Which Eighth Schedule language was declared a Classical Language in 2013?
  1. A. Kannada
  2. B. Sanskrit
  3. C. Odia
  4. D. Malayalam
Answer: Malayalam
Explanation: Malayalam was accorded Classical Language status in 2013, while Odia received it in 2014.
1387. Which classical language was the first to be declared a Classical Language of India, in 2004?
  1. A. Sanskrit
  2. B. Telugu
  3. C. Kannada
  4. D. Tamil
Answer: Tamil
Explanation: Tamil was declared the first Classical Language in October 2004; Sanskrit followed in 2005, Telugu and Kannada in 2008, Malayalam in 2013 and Odia in 2014.
1388. Which Eighth Schedule language was adopted as the second official language of Haryana in 2010?
  1. A. Urdu
  2. B. Punjabi
  3. C. Sindhi
  4. D. Sanskrit
Answer: Punjabi
Explanation: Haryana amended its Official Language Act in 2010 to make Punjabi the additional (second) official language, alongside Hindi.
1389. In Meghalaya, English is the official language. Which two languages were declared associate official languages in 2005?
  1. A. Jaintia and Hmar
  2. B. Mizo and Bodo
  3. C. Khasi and Garo
  4. D. Assamese and Bengali
Answer: Khasi and Garo
Explanation: The Meghalaya State Language Act, 2005 made Khasi and Garo associate official languages alongside English.
1390. Which State has English as its sole official language under the Nagaland Official Languages Act, 1967?
  1. A. Assam
  2. B. Nagaland
  3. C. Sikkim
  4. D. Manipur
Answer: Nagaland
Explanation: Nagaland adopted English as its official language through the Nagaland Official Languages Act, 1967.
1391. The Santhali language of the Eighth Schedule is officially written in which script?
  1. A. Meitei Mayek
  2. B. Kharosthi
  3. C. Sharada
  4. D. Ol Chiki
Answer: Ol Chiki
Explanation: Santhali has its own Ol Chiki script, devised by Pandit Raghunath Murmu, which is used for its official recognition and education.
1392. Which of the following is NOT a language included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution?
  1. A. Maithili
  2. B. Santhali
  3. C. English
  4. D. Dogri
Answer: English
Explanation: English is not an Eighth Schedule language, though it is an associate official language of the Union; Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added in 2003.
1393. How many languages did the Eighth Schedule originally contain at the commencement of the Constitution?
  1. A. 18
  2. B. 12
  3. C. 15
  4. D. 14
Answer: 14
Explanation: The original Eighth Schedule listed 14 languages, including Sanskrit, Urdu and Kashmiri; Sindhi, Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali, Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali were added later.
1394. The Ninety-second Amendment Act, 2003 raised the number of Eighth Schedule languages from 18 to 22. Which four languages did it add?
  1. A. Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali and Sindhi
  2. B. Dogri, Maithili, Nepali and Konkani
  3. C. Bhojpuri, Rajasthani, Tulu and Bodo
  4. D. Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali
Answer: Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali
Explanation: The 92nd Amendment Act, 2003 (in force from 7 January 2004) added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali, completing the present 22 languages.
1395. The Seventy-first Amendment Act, 1992 added which three languages to the Eighth Schedule?
  1. A. Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali
  2. B. Bodo, Dogri and Maithili
  3. C. Konkani, Santhali and Dogri
  4. D. Santhali, Sindhi and Nepali
Answer: Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali
Explanation: The 71st Amendment (1992) added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali, taking the Schedule from 15 to 18 languages.
1396. Sindhi was added to the Eighth Schedule by which Constitutional Amendment, making it the fifteenth language?
  1. A. The Fifty-eighth Amendment Act, 1987
  2. B. The Seventh Amendment Act, 1956
  3. C. The Seventy-first Amendment Act, 1992
  4. D. The Twenty-first Amendment Act, 1967
Answer: The Twenty-first Amendment Act, 1967
Explanation: The 21st Amendment Act, 1967 added Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule, raising the count from 14 to 15.
1397. Article 350A concerns instruction in mother tongue at which stage of education for children belonging to linguistic minority groups?
  1. A. The professional training stage
  2. B. The primary stage of education
  3. C. The higher secondary stage
  4. D. The university stage
Answer: The primary stage of education
Explanation: Article 350A directs every State and local authority to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage to linguistic minority children.
1398. Which Article provides that Parliament's Committee on Official Language report is to be considered by the President after the Commission's recommendations?
  1. A. Article 394A
  2. B. Article 343(1)
  3. C. Article 344(5) and (6)
  4. D. Article 347
Answer: Article 344(5) and (6)
Explanation: Article 344(5) requires the Committee to examine the recommendations and report to the President its opinion; Article 344(6) lets the President issue directions on that report.
1399. The Constitution refers to the Eighth Schedule in which two Articles?
  1. A. Articles 344(1) and 351
  2. B. Articles 29 and 30
  3. C. Articles 345 and 346
  4. D. Articles 120 and 210
Answer: Articles 344(1) and 351
Explanation: The Eighth Schedule is referred to in Article 344(1) (representation of languages in the Commission) and Article 351 (development of Hindi).
1400. Article 351 expresses the Hindi development directive in what legal character?
  1. A. A Fundamental Right of every citizen to demand Hindi
  2. B. A power of the President to ban other languages
  3. C. A directive from the Constitution to the Union, enforceable through policy rather than by courts
  4. D. A Fundamental Duty under Article 51A
Answer: A directive from the Constitution to the Union, enforceable through policy rather than by courts
Explanation: Article 351 appears under 'Special Directives' and casts a duty on the Union to promote Hindi; it is a policy directive, not a justiciable individual right.
1401. After the Committee under Article 344(4) examines the Commission's recommendations and reports to the President, what may the President do under Article 344(6)?
  1. A. Dissolve the Committee of Parliament
  2. B. Issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of the report
  3. C. Directly enact a law on the report
  4. D. Amend the Eighth Schedule by himself
Answer: Issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of the report
Explanation: Article 344(6): after considering the Committee's report, the President may issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of that report.
1402. Which of the following is NOT among the matters on which the Official Language Commission is required by Article 344(2) to make recommendations?
  1. A. The form of numerals for Union official purposes
  2. B. The language to be used in the proceedings of Panchayati Raj institutions
  3. C. Restrictions on the use of English for official purposes
  4. D. The progressive use of Hindi for the official purposes of the Union
Answer: The language to be used in the proceedings of Panchayati Raj institutions
Explanation: Article 344(2) lists progressive use of Hindi, restrictions on English, language for Article 348 courts and legislation, form of numerals, and other matters referred by the President; Panchayati Raj language is not among them.
1403. Where a State Legislature prescribes a language other than English for Bills introduced or Acts passed by it, Article 348(3) requires what?
  1. A. An English translation published in the Official Gazette of the State under the authority of the Governor
  2. B. A Sanskrit translation certified by the Speaker
  3. C. A Hindi translation tabled in Parliament
  4. D. No translation is required
Answer: An English translation published in the Official Gazette of the State under the authority of the Governor
Explanation: Article 348(3) provides that such an English translation, published in the State's Official Gazette under the Governor's authority, is deemed the authoritative English text.
1404. Under Article 348(1)(a), in which language are all proceedings in the Supreme Court and in every High Court to be conducted until Parliament by law otherwise provides?
  1. A. The official language of the State concerned
  2. B. Hindi
  3. C. English
  4. D. Sanskrit
Answer: English
Explanation: Article 348(1)(a) makes English the language of proceedings in the Supreme Court and High Courts, subject to Parliament's law and the Article 348(2) exception for High Courts.
1405. The fifteen-year period of Article 343(2) for continued use of English in Union official work was reckoned from which event?
  1. A. Passing of the Official Languages Act on 10 May 1963
  2. B. Adoption of the Constitution on 26 November 1949
  3. C. The first general election of 1952
  4. D. Commencement of the Constitution on 26 January 1950
Answer: Commencement of the Constitution on 26 January 1950
Explanation: Article 343(2) reckoned fifteen years from the commencement of the Constitution (26 January 1950); the period ended on 25 January 1965 and the Act's provisions began on 26 January 1965.
1406. The international form of Indian numerals is to be used for official purposes of the Union according to which provision?
  1. A. Article 351
  2. B. Article 345
  3. C. Article 349
  4. D. Article 343(1)
Answer: Article 343(1)
Explanation: Article 343(1) says the form of numerals to be used for official purposes of the Union shall be the international form of Indian numerals (1, 2, 3 ...).
1407. Article 30(1) gives all minorities, whether based on religion or language, which right?
  1. A. The right to representation in the Official Language Committee
  2. B. The right to demand an official language in a State
  3. C. The right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice
  4. D. The right to a reserved seat in Parliament
Answer: The right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice
Explanation: Article 30(1) is a Fundamental Right of religious and linguistic minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
1408. Which Article guarantees any section of citizens having a distinct language, script or culture the right to conserve the same?
  1. A. Article 350A
  2. B. Article 347
  3. C. Article 30(1)
  4. D. Article 29(1)
Answer: Article 29(1)
Explanation: Article 29(1), a Fundamental Right, protects the interests of minorities by permitting any section of citizens with a distinct language, script or culture to conserve it.
1409. Which Chapter of Part XVII contains Articles 350, 350A, 350B and 351?
  1. A. Chapter II - Regional Languages
  2. B. Chapter IV - Special Directives
  3. C. Chapter III - Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, etc.
  4. D. Chapter I - Language of the Union
Answer: Chapter IV - Special Directives
Explanation: Chapter IV of Part XVII is titled 'Special Directives' and houses Articles 350 to 351.
1410. Part XVII of the Constitution is titled 'Official Language'. Which Articles together form Chapter II, 'Regional Languages'?
  1. A. Articles 348 to 349
  2. B. Articles 345 to 347
  3. C. Articles 350 to 351
  4. D. Articles 343 to 344
Answer: Articles 345 to 347
Explanation: Part XVII: Chapter I (Language of the Union) Arts 343-344; Chapter II (Regional Languages) Arts 345-347; Chapter III (Language of Courts, etc.) Arts 348-349; Chapter IV (Special Directives) Arts 350-351.
1411. Under Article 343(3), what may Parliament do notwithstanding the fifteen-year period mentioned in Article 343(2)?
  1. A. Restrict English in the Supreme Court by a Presidential notification alone
  2. B. Declare Hindi the national language by executive order
  3. C. Abolish the Eighth Schedule languages by ordinary law
  4. D. By law, provide for the continued use of English, or the Devanagari form of numerals, for specified purposes after the fifteen-year period
Answer: By law, provide for the continued use of English, or the Devanagari form of numerals, for specified purposes after the fifteen-year period
Explanation: Article 343(3) empowers Parliament to provide by law for use of English or the Devanagari form of numerals after the fifteen years; this power was exercised through the Official Languages Act, 1963.
1412. Which Article lays down the language of business in the Legislature of a State, namely the official language(s) of the State or Hindi or English?
  1. A. Article 120
  2. B. Article 210
  3. C. Article 345
  4. D. Article 348
Answer: Article 210
Explanation: Article 210 is the State counterpart of Article 120 and governs the language to be used for business in the State Legislature.
1413. Article 120(1) provides that business in Parliament is transacted in Hindi or English. Who may permit a member who cannot adequately express himself in either to address the House in his mother tongue?
  1. A. The President of India on request
  2. B. The Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People, or the person acting as such
  3. C. The Leader of the House in consultation with the Secretary-General
  4. D. The Prime Minister
Answer: The Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker of the House of the People, or the person acting as such
Explanation: Article 120(1) lets the presiding officer permit a member unable to express himself adequately in Hindi or English to address the House in his mother tongue.
1414. The authoritative Hindi text of the Constitution is provided for in Article 394A. It was inserted by which Amendment Act?
  1. A. The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003
  2. B. The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
  3. C. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
  4. D. The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987
Answer: The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987
Explanation: The 58th Amendment Act, 1987 inserted Article 394A, requiring the President to publish under his authority a Hindi translation of the Constitution, which is deemed its authoritative Hindi text.
1415. Article 351 directs the Union to promote the spread of Hindi so that it may serve as a medium of expression for the composite culture of India. From which language does it primarily direct Hindi to draw its vocabulary?
  1. A. Sanskrit, and secondarily other languages specified in the Eighth Schedule
  2. B. English, and secondarily Sanskrit
  3. C. Persian, and secondarily English
  4. D. Urdu, and secondarily Tamil
Answer: Sanskrit, and secondarily other languages specified in the Eighth Schedule
Explanation: Article 351 asks that Hindi's form, style and expressions assimilate Hindustani and other Eighth Schedule languages, drawing for vocabulary primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
1416. Under Article 350B, to whom does the Special Officer for linguistic minorities report on safeguards provided under the Constitution?
  1. A. To the President, who causes the reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the State Governments
  2. B. To the Chief Justice of India, who publishes them
  3. C. To the Speaker of Lok Sabha only
  4. D. To the Election Commission for State-wise action
Answer: To the President, who causes the reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the State Governments
Explanation: Article 350B(2) requires the Special Officer to report to the President, who has the reports laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the concerned State Governments.
1417. Article 350A, directing facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage, was inserted by which Constitutional Amendment?
  1. A. The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951
  2. B. The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987
  3. C. The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956
  4. D. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
Answer: The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956
Explanation: Articles 350A and 350B were inserted by the Seventh Amendment Act, 1956, following the States Reorganisation Commission's recommendations on linguistic minorities.
1418. Article 350 gives every person the right to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance. In which language may that representation be made?
  1. A. Only in the language of the Eighth Schedule that the officer knows
  2. B. Only in the mother tongue of the officer receiving it
  3. C. Only in English
  4. D. Any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be
Answer: Any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be
Explanation: Article 350 entitles a person to submit a representation to any Union or State officer or authority in any language used in the Union or the State, as applicable.
1419. Article 349 restricts the introduction of certain Bills relating to language in Parliament during the first fifteen years of the Constitution. What is required before such a Bill or amendment is introduced?
  1. A. The previous consent of the Chief Justice of India
  2. B. A resolution from every State Legislature
  3. C. The previous sanction of the President
  4. D. An advisory report from the Attorney General
Answer: The previous sanction of the President
Explanation: Under Article 349, no Bill or amendment relating to the language of Article 343(3) matters could be introduced in either House without the President's previous sanction, and the President could give it only after considering the Commission's report and the Committee's report.
1420. Article 348(2) permits the Governor, with the previous consent of the President, to authorise the use of Hindi in proceedings of the High Court of the State. What is the express limitation?
  1. A. It does not apply to oral arguments by advocates
  2. B. It does not apply to the language used in the cause list
  3. C. It does not apply to judgments, decrees or orders passed by the High Court
  4. D. It does not apply to civil cases at all
Answer: It does not apply to judgments, decrees or orders passed by the High Court
Explanation: The proviso to Article 348(2) says the clause does not apply to any judgment, decree or order passed by the High Court; those continue in English unless Parliament provides otherwise (see Section 7 of the OL Act, 1963).
1421. Under Article 347, on what condition may the President direct that a language spoken by a section of a State's population be officially recognised in that State?
  1. A. When a substantial proportion of the State's population desires it, and the President is satisfied that a demand exists
  2. B. When the Supreme Court gives an advisory opinion
  3. C. When the Governor of the State recommends in writing alone
  4. D. When two-thirds of the State Legislature members belong to that community
Answer: When a substantial proportion of the State's population desires it, and the President is satisfied that a demand exists
Explanation: Article 347 empowers the President to direct recognition throughout or in part of a State of a language spoken by a substantial proportion of its people, if a demand is made.
1422. Article 346 deals with the official language for communication between one State and another, or between a State and the Union. Which language is authorised unless two States agree otherwise?
  1. A. Sanskrit as per the Eighth Schedule
  2. B. The language for the time being authorised for use for official purposes of the Union
  3. C. Only the language of the receiving State
  4. D. The official language of the State that initiates the communication
Answer: The language for the time being authorised for use for official purposes of the Union
Explanation: Article 346 provides that the Union's authorised official language is used for inter-State and State-Union communication; two States may agree to use Hindi for communication between themselves.
1423. Under Article 345, until the Legislature of a State adopts a language for official purposes, which language continues to be used for those purposes in the State?
  1. A. The language already being used for those purposes immediately before the commencement of the Constitution
  2. B. The language of the majority community decided by the Governor
  3. C. Hindi in Devanagari script in all cases
  4. D. The language notified by the Election Commission
Answer: The language already being used for those purposes immediately before the commencement of the Constitution
Explanation: The proviso to Article 345 keeps in use the language already used for official purposes in the State before the Constitution came into force until the State Legislature adopts a language by law.
1424. While making recommendations under Article 344(3), the Commission must have due regard to which of the following considerations?
  1. A. Only the population of Hindi speakers as per the latest Census
  2. B. The preference of the Chief Justice of India and the Speaker of Lok Sabha
  3. C. India's industrial, cultural and scientific advancement and the just claims and interests of persons from non-Hindi speaking areas in public services
  4. D. Only the financial cost of translation to the Union
Answer: India's industrial, cultural and scientific advancement and the just claims and interests of persons from non-Hindi speaking areas in public services
Explanation: Article 344(3) directs the Commission to give due regard to the industrial, cultural and scientific advancement of India and to the just claims and interests of persons belonging to non-Hindi speaking areas regarding public services.
1425. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language under Article 344(4) consists of how many members and from which Houses?
  1. A. 30 members: 20 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha
  2. B. 30 members: 10 from Lok Sabha and 20 from Rajya Sabha
  3. C. 20 members: 10 from each House
  4. D. 40 members: 25 from Lok Sabha and 15 from Rajya Sabha
Answer: 30 members: 20 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha
Explanation: Article 344(4) provides a Committee of thirty members, twenty from the House of the People and ten from the Council of States, elected by single transferable vote under proportional representation.
1426. Sendai Framework Target B aims to substantially reduce, by 2030, the:
  1. A. Number of affected people globally, lowering the average per 100,000 in 2020-2030 compared with 2005-2015
  2. B. Share of budget spent on relief camps
  3. C. Global average disaster mortality per 100,000 only
  4. D. Number of countries lacking a national disaster law
Answer: Number of affected people globally, lowering the average per 100,000 in 2020-2030 compared with 2005-2015
Explanation: Target A addresses mortality, while Target B addresses the number of affected people, with the decade 2020-2030 compared against 2005-2015.
1427. Which is Priority 2 of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030?
  1. A. Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to Build Back Better
  2. B. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
  3. C. Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience
  4. D. Understanding disaster risk
Answer: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
Explanation: The four priorities are: 1 understanding risk, 2 strengthening risk governance, 3 investing in DRR for resilience, 4 enhancing preparedness and Build Back Better.

1428. Sendai Framework Target F relates to:

  1. A. Reducing global disaster mortality
  2. B. Reducing direct disaster economic loss in relation to global GDP
  3. C. Increasing the number of countries with national DRR strategies
  4. D. Substantially enhancing international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support
Answer: Substantially enhancing international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support
Explanation: Target F covers international cooperation to developing countries; the other options correspond to Targets A, E and C respectively.

1429. Sendai Framework Target D seeks to substantially reduce:

  1. A. Urban population density in coastal cities
  2. B. Disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, including health and education facilities
  3. C. Global average per-capita energy consumption
  4. D. Tariff barriers on relief material
Answer: Disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, including health and education facilities
Explanation: Target D deals with reducing damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services, developing their resilience by 2030.
1430. Sendai Framework Target G (to be achieved by 2030) aims to substantially increase the availability of and access to:
  1. A. Satellite-based rail tracking systems
  2. B. Insurance cover for all agricultural households
  3. C. Mobile field hospitals in every district
  4. D. Multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments
Answer: Multi-hazard early warning systems and disaster risk information and assessments
Explanation: Targets A-D are outcome targets (mortality, affected people, economic loss, infrastructure damage); Target G is on multi-hazard early warning systems and risk information.
1431. The Hyogo Framework for Action contained how many priorities for action?
  1. A. Seven
  2. B. Three
  3. C. Four
  4. D. Five
Answer: Five
Explanation: HFA had five priorities; Sendai has four priorities and seven targets.
1432. The Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World was adopted at the first World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction in:
  1. A. 2015
  2. B. 1994
  3. C. 2005
  4. D. 1990
Answer: 1994
Explanation: It was adopted in Yokohama in May 1994, mid-IDNDR.

1433. World Tsunami Awareness Day is observed on:

  1. A. 8 October
  2. B. 5 November
  3. C. 13 October
  4. D. 26 December
Answer: 5 November
Explanation: The UN General Assembly designated 5 November in 2015.

1434. UNISDR was renamed as UNDRR in:

  1. A. 2015
  2. B. 1999
  3. C. 2019
  4. D. 2005
Answer: 2019
Explanation: The UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), headquartered in Geneva, was renamed in 2019.

1435. The Sendai Framework's Target (D) concerns:

  1. A. Increasing international cooperation
  2. B. Reducing the number of affected people
  3. C. Reducing disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services
  4. D. Reducing global disaster mortality
Answer: Reducing disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services
Explanation: A is mortality, B affected people, C economic loss, D infrastructure and services, E strategies, F cooperation, G early warning.
1436. Which type of vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of buildings, roads and bridges to damage?
  1. A. Social vulnerability
  2. B. Physical vulnerability
  3. C. Economic vulnerability
  4. D. Attitudinal vulnerability
Answer: Physical vulnerability
Explanation: Physical vulnerability concerns structures and infrastructure; social concerns groups such as the elderly and disabled.
1437. A disaster that develops gradually over weeks or months, such as drought, is called:
  1. A. Slow-onset disaster
  2. B. Ceremonial disaster
  3. C. Technological disaster
  4. D. Sudden-onset disaster
Answer: Slow-onset disaster
Explanation: Drought and epidemics are slow-onset; earthquakes and flash floods are sudden-onset.
1438. The National Disaster Management Plan 2019 follows which stages of the disaster cycle in its five-year-plan-like organisation?
  1. A. Only response
  2. B. Prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery
  3. C. Awareness only
  4. D. Only relief and rehabilitation
Answer: Prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery
Explanation: The NDMP covers the full disaster management cycle including prevention and mitigation.
1439. The correct way to handle an unattended suspicious bag found after a train accident is to:
  1. A. Hand it to the nearest passenger
  2. B. Throw it away from the track
  3. C. Open it to check the contents
  4. D. Keep people away, not touch it, and inform the bomb disposal squad
Answer: Keep people away, not touch it, and inform the bomb disposal squad
Explanation: Unattended items are treated as potentially dangerous until cleared by trained personnel.
1440. At a rail accident site, preserving the 'last known position' evidence such as signal aspects and point positions is mainly for:
  1. A. The cause-finding statutory inquiry
  2. B. Ticket refunds
  3. C. Compensation assessment alone
  4. D. Media briefing
Answer: The cause-finding statutory inquiry
Explanation: The CRS depends on preserved signalling and track evidence to establish cause.

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