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4481. Under the BNS, when a group of persons acting in furtherance of the common intention of all kill a person on grounds of race, caste, community, sex, place of birth, language, personal belief or similar grounds, this specific aggravated killing (mob lynching) requires how many or more persons acting in concert, per Section 103(2)?
- A. Ten or more persons
- B. Five or more persons
- C. Two or more persons
- D. Three or more persons
Answer: Five or more persons
Explanation: Section 103(2) BNS specifically defines mob lynching as murder committed by a group of five or more persons acting in concert on the specified discriminatory grounds, punishable with death, life imprisonment, or imprisonment for a term not less than 7 years, plus fine.
4482. Under the BNS, when several persons are engaged/concerned in the commission of a criminal act, and the criminal act is done in furtherance of the common intention of all, each is liable for that act as if done by him alone. This is captured under which section (akin to IPC Section 34)?
- A. Section 3(1)
- B. Section 45
- C. Section 61
- D. Section 3(5)
Answer: Section 3(5)
Explanation: Section 3(5) BNS retains the 'common intention' provision from IPC Section 34, requiring a prearranged plan and participation in furtherance of that shared intention for constructive liability to attach to all participants.
4483. Under the BNS, nothing is an offence merely by reason that it causes, or is intended to cause, or is known to be likely to cause, slight harm which no person of ordinary sense would complain of. This general exception is captured under which section (akin to IPC Section 95)?
- A. Section 26 (act for benefit)
- B. Section 18 (mistake of fact)
- C. Section 21 (accident)
- D. Section 22 (trifling acts)
Answer: Section 22 (trifling acts)
Explanation: Section 22 BNS codifies the de minimis principle for trifling harms, unchanged in substance from IPC Section 95 — a person of ordinary sense would not complain of the harm caused.
4484. Under the BNS, distinguishing Section 19 (act done pursuant to judgment/order of Court) from Section 20 (act justified by law), which statement is accurate?
- A. Both sections are identical in scope and application
- B. Section 19 applies only to police officers, while Section 20 applies only to judges
- C. Section 19 protects acts done in pursuance of a judgment/order of a Court, even if the Court lacked jurisdiction, provided the actor believed in good faith the Court had jurisdiction; Section 20 covers broader acts justified/believed justified by law generally, not tied to a specific court order
- D. Section 20 requires proof of actual jurisdiction, while Section 19 does not require good faith
Answer: Section 19 protects acts done in pursuance of a judgment/order of a Court, even if the Court lacked jurisdiction, provided the actor believed in good faith the Court had jurisdiction; Section 20 covers broader acts justified/believed justified by law generally, not tied to a specific court order
Explanation: Section 19 BNS (akin to IPC 78) specifically protects acts done pursuant to a court judgment/order believed in good faith to be within jurisdiction, while Section 20 (akin to IPC 79) is the broader 'justified by law' exception applicable beyond just court-ordered acts.
4485. Under the BNS, an act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law in doing it, is protected under which section (akin to IPC Section 79)?
- A. Section 26
- B. Section 21
- C. Section 16
- D. Section 20
Answer: Section 20
Explanation: Section 20 BNS retains the 'act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law' exception from IPC Section 79 — e.g., a private citizen's honest but mistaken belief that they are legally authorised to detain a suspect.
4486. Under the BNS, a judge acting judicially in the exercise of a power given to him by law, and believing in good faith that he has that power, is protected under which section (akin to IPC Section 77)?
- A. Section 16
- B. Section 17
- C. Section 21
- D. Section 26
Answer: Section 16
Explanation: Section 16 BNS protects an act of a Judge acting judicially in the exercise of a power which he in good faith believes to be given by law — retained unchanged from IPC Section 77's judicial immunity provision.
4487. Under the BNS, nothing is an offence which is done by accident or misfortune, without any criminal intention or knowledge, in the doing of a lawful act in a lawful manner by lawful means with proper care and caution. This exception is captured under which section (akin to IPC Section 80)?
- A. Section 22
- B. Section 26
- C. Section 19
- D. Section 21
Answer: Section 21
Explanation: Section 21 BNS retains the 'accident in doing a lawful act' exception from IPC Section 80 — requiring the act itself to be lawful, done lawfully, by lawful means, with proper care and caution, and the outcome purely accidental.
4488. Under the BNS, an act done in good faith for a person's benefit, without consent, is protected under which provision, and what is the key limiting condition?
- A. It applies universally regardless of circumstances
- B. Section 26 (akin to IPC Section 92) — protected only if circumstances made it impossible for the person to signify consent (e.g., emergency medical treatment of an unconscious person), and the act was not intended to cause death
- C. No such provision exists in the BNS
- D. It only applies to acts performed by registered medical practitioners
Answer: Section 26 (akin to IPC Section 92) — protected only if circumstances made it impossible for the person to signify consent (e.g., emergency medical treatment of an unconscious person), and the act was not intended to cause death
Explanation: Section 26 BNS (akin to IPC Section 92) protects acts done in good faith for another's benefit without consent, but only where circumstances made obtaining consent impossible and the act was not intended/known to be likely to cause death (subject to further specific exceptions).
4489. Under the BNS, an act which would be an offence if done without a person's consent may not be an offence if done with that person's consent, subject to exceptions. Which of the following situations FALLS OUTSIDE the protection of consent as a general exception?
- A. Consent to a tattoo procedure
- B. Consent to a minor surgical procedure by an adult of sound mind
- C. Consent to a sporting activity carrying inherent risk of injury
- D. Consent given by a child below 12 years of age to an act that may cause death or grievous hurt
Answer: Consent given by a child below 12 years of age to an act that may cause death or grievous hurt
Explanation: Consent given by a person below 12 years of age (or by a person of unsound mind, or under fear/misconception) does not provide valid legal consent for acts likely to cause death or grievous hurt — this exclusion is expressly carried forward from IPC Sections 87-90 into the BNS's consent provisions.
4490. Under the BNS, house-trespass or house-breaking in order to commit an offence punishable with death is punished with which enhanced punishment (akin to IPC Section 449)?
- A. Simple imprisonment up to 6 months
- B. Imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years, plus fine
- C. Community service only
- D. Fine only, up to Rs. 5000
Answer: Imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years, plus fine
Explanation: House-trespass to commit an offence punishable with death attracts the severest enhancement under the BNS's house-trespass provisions — imprisonment for life or up to 10 years plus fine, mirroring IPC Section 449's gravity-linked scheme.
4491. Under the BNS, 'lurking house-trespass by night' and 'house-breaking by night' carry enhanced punishment compared to daytime equivalents. What is the underlying rationale reflected in this graduated scheme (akin to IPC Sections 456-457)?
- A. There is no rationale; night and day trespass carry identical punishment under the BNS
- B. Night-time trespass is only punishable if it also involves theft
- C. Night-time offences are inherently less serious since fewer witnesses are present
- D. Night-time trespass poses greater risk to occupants (who are typically asleep/vulnerable) and greater difficulty of detection/apprehension, justifying deterrent enhancement
Answer: Night-time trespass poses greater risk to occupants (who are typically asleep/vulnerable) and greater difficulty of detection/apprehension, justifying deterrent enhancement
Explanation: The BNS retains the IPC's graduated night/day distinction for house-trespass offences, reflecting the heightened danger to sleeping occupants and the practical difficulty of apprehending offenders under cover of darkness — a rationale directly relevant to RPF night-patrol duties around railway property.
4492. Under the BNS, 'house-trespass' — criminal trespass committed by entering into or remaining in any building used as a human dwelling or for custody of property — is defined under which section, and why is this especially relevant to railway quarters/waiting rooms investigations?
- A. Section 303 — it only applies to theft cases
- B. Section 132 — it only applies to assaults on public servants
- C. Section 305 — it only covers agricultural land
- D. Section 329(3) — it specifically covers buildings used for custody of property, which can extend to railway parcel offices/goods sheds, not just residential dwellings
Answer: Section 329(3) — it specifically covers buildings used for custody of property, which can extend to railway parcel offices/goods sheds, not just residential dwellings
Explanation: Section 329(3) BNS defines house-trespass as criminal trespass by entering/remaining in a building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling, or for custody of property — the 'custody of property' limb extends coverage to railway goods sheds, parcel offices, and similar structures beyond mere residences.
4493. Under the BNS, 'criminal trespass' is defined as entering property in the possession of another with intent to commit an offence, intimidate, insult or annoy, or having lawfully entered, unlawfully remaining with such intent. It is defined under which section (akin to IPC Section 441)?
- A. Section 331
- B. Section 305
- C. Section 329(1)
- D. Section 324
Answer: Section 329(1)
Explanation: Section 329(1) BNS defines criminal trespass, retaining the IPC 441 structure — entry with wrongful intent, or unlawful remaining after lawful entry.
4494. Under the BNS, when comparing punishment for simple theft (Section 303) versus criminal breach of trust by a public servant (Section 316(3)), which statement is accurate?
- A. Criminal breach of trust by a public servant attracts significantly higher punishment (up to life imprisonment) than simple theft (up to 3 years/7 years enhanced), reflecting the aggravated breach of official trust
- B. Breach of trust by a public servant is a compoundable offence with no imprisonment
- C. Both carry identical maximum punishment of 3 years
- D. Simple theft always carries a higher punishment than breach of trust by a public servant
Answer: Criminal breach of trust by a public servant attracts significantly higher punishment (up to life imprisonment) than simple theft (up to 3 years/7 years enhanced), reflecting the aggravated breach of official trust
Explanation: Section 316(3) BNS punishes criminal breach of trust by a public servant, banker, merchant, factor, broker, attorney or agent with imprisonment for life or up to 10 years plus fine — markedly higher than the base theft punishment, reflecting the aggravated breach of a position of trust.
4495. Under the BNS, if a person, being a member of a family or household, misappropriates or dishonestly uses property entrusted to them by a deceased member of that family without any specific entrustment ceremony, they could be liable under which nuanced clause of criminal breach of trust?
- A. There is no such provision; this scenario can never attract criminal breach of trust
- B. This automatically falls under theft since no ceremony occurred
- C. The explanation to criminal breach of trust recognising that a person having possession/control of property at the time of another's death, without express entrustment, may still fall within the relevant provision, distinguished carefully from criminal misappropriation
- D. This can only be prosecuted as cheating
Answer: The explanation to criminal breach of trust recognising that a person having possession/control of property at the time of another's death, without express entrustment, may still fall within the relevant provision, distinguished carefully from criminal misappropriation
Explanation: The BNS retains the nuanced explanation (from IPC Section 405) that dishonest misappropriation by a person who had possession/control of a deceased person's property at the time of death can be treated as a specific aggravated form under Section 316(5), distinct from ordinary criminal misappropriation under Section 314.
4496. Under the BNS, in a scenario where an accused takes property believing (mistakenly but honestly) that they have a legal claim/right to it, which essential ingredient of theft is negated?
- A. Absence of consent, since the owner's consent is presumed in such cases
- B. Nothing is negated; claim of right is irrelevant to theft under the BNS
- C. The property ceases to be 'movable property'
- D. Dishonest intention, since a bona fide claim of right negates the mens rea required for theft even if the claim later turns out to be legally incorrect
Answer: Dishonest intention, since a bona fide claim of right negates the mens rea required for theft even if the claim later turns out to be legally incorrect
Explanation: A bona fide claim of right, even if mistaken, negates dishonest intention — a foundational principle carried forward in BNS theft jurisprudence, since dishonesty requires intent to cause WRONGFUL gain/loss, which is absent when the accused genuinely believes the property is legally theirs.
4497. Under the BNS, when property attached to the earth is severed from the earth (e.g., cutting down a tree, removing fixed railway track fittings) with intent to take it, this severance itself is treated as which point in the theft offence?
- A. It requires the property to be sold before any offence is complete
- B. The moment of severance itself constitutes theft, as the property becomes movable at that instant and the act of severing with dishonest intent completes the offence
- C. It is always classified as mischief, never theft
- D. Severance alone is never an offence; only subsequent physical carrying away matters
Answer: The moment of severance itself constitutes theft, as the property becomes movable at that instant and the act of severing with dishonest intent completes the offence
Explanation: An explanation to the theft provision (retained from IPC Section 378) clarifies that a thing attached to the earth becomes capable of being the subject of theft as soon as it is severed from the earth — directly relevant when an RPF SI investigates theft of fixed railway fittings/cable/track material.
4498. Under the BNS, the definition of 'movable property' (akin to IPC Section 22) for purposes of theft includes corporeal property of every description, EXCEPT which category?
- A. Documents of title
- B. Jewellery and ornaments
- C. Cash and currency notes
- D. Land and things attached to the earth, or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth
Answer: Land and things attached to the earth, or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth
Explanation: Movable property under BNS Section 2(21) (akin to IPC 22) means corporeal property of every description except land and things attached to the earth or permanently fastened to anything attached to the earth — the same exclusion carried forward from the IPC.
4499. Under the BNS, 'fraudulently' is defined (akin to IPC Section 25) as doing an act with intent to defraud, requiring which additional element beyond mere deception?
- A. Proof of actual monetary loss suffered by the victim
- B. An intent to deceive coupled with an intent to cause injury/advantage, per judicial interpretation, distinguishing it from mere dishonest intent focused only on gain/loss
- C. A minimum threshold amount of property involved
- D. No additional element; fraud and dishonesty are legally synonymous under the BNS
Answer: An intent to deceive coupled with an intent to cause injury/advantage, per judicial interpretation, distinguishing it from mere dishonest intent focused only on gain/loss
Explanation: Judicial interpretation (carried forward from IPC jurisprudence, e.g. Dr. Vimla v. Delhi Administration) holds that 'fraudulently' requires deception plus an intent to cause injury to the person deceived (in body, mind, reputation or property), distinguishing it from 'dishonestly,' which centers on wrongful gain/loss of property alone.
4500. Under the BNS, 'dishonestly' is defined (akin to IPC Section 24) as doing an act with intention of causing what?
- A. Damage to public property
- B. Wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person
- C. Any gain, whether lawful or unlawful, to oneself
- D. Fear or intimidation in another person's mind
Answer: Wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person
Explanation: Section 2(9) BNS General Explanations defines 'dishonestly' as doing anything with intention of causing wrongful gain to one person or wrongful loss to another person — unchanged from IPC Section 24, the foundational mens rea element for theft, cheating, criminal breach of trust, and misappropriation offences.
4501. Under the BNS, an RPF SI investigating a case of goods stolen in transit by a railway employee entrusted with their carriage should primarily consider which offence over simple theft, given the entrustment relationship?
- A. Robbery (Section 309), since the goods were in transit
- B. Criminal breach of trust (Section 316), since the accused had lawful entrustment/dominion over the property before dishonestly misappropriating it
- C. Extortion (Section 308), since force was used
- D. Cheating (Section 318), since deception induced delivery
Answer: Criminal breach of trust (Section 316), since the accused had lawful entrustment/dominion over the property before dishonestly misappropriating it
Explanation: The defining test distinguishing theft from criminal breach of trust is whether the accused had lawful possession/entrustment of the property before misappropriating it. A railway employee entrusted with goods who dishonestly converts them commits criminal breach of trust under Section 316 BNS, not theft.
4502. Under the BNS, theft after preparation made for causing death, hurt or restraint in order to commit the theft or to effect escape is punished with enhanced punishment under which section (akin to IPC Section 382)?
- A. Section 304
- B. Section 303
- C. Section 305
- D. Section 306
Answer: Section 304
Explanation: Section 304 BNS punishes theft where the offender has made preparation for causing death, hurt or wrongful restraint to any person in order to commit the theft or to effect escape after committing it, with rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years plus fine.
4503. Under the BNS, theft of property from a railway carriage, or from luggage in transit — while charged as ordinary theft — could attract which additional enhancing element under Section 305 given the location, relevant to railway crime specifically?
- A. It converts into criminal breach of trust regardless of facts
- B. It automatically becomes dacoity
- C. No enhancement applies since railway carriages are exempt from Section 305
- D. Theft in a 'building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or for custody of property' attracts enhanced punishment; a railway carriage used to store/carry goods can qualify as a place of custody of property under this enhancing provision
Answer: Theft in a 'building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or for custody of property' attracts enhanced punishment; a railway carriage used to store/carry goods can qualify as a place of custody of property under this enhancing provision
Explanation: Section 305 BNS (akin to IPC Section 380) enhances theft punishment up to 7 years where the theft is committed in any building, tent or vessel used as a human dwelling or for custody of property — a goods van/parcel compartment used for custody of property can fall within this enhanced category, a nuance highly relevant to RPF investigations.
4504. Under the BNS, whoever knowingly disobeys any rule regarding quarantine, or knowingly disobeys a law/order regarding notification/reporting of an outbreak of a dangerous epidemic disease, could attract which category of public-health offence?
- A. Extortion under Section 308
- B. Disobedience to an order lawfully promulgated by a public servant (Section 223), read with public-health specific provisions
- C. Criminal breach of trust under Section 316
- D. Culpable homicide under Section 105
Answer: Disobedience to an order lawfully promulgated by a public servant (Section 223), read with public-health specific provisions
Explanation: Section 223 BNS (akin to IPC Section 188) punishes disobedience to a lawfully promulgated order by a public servant, which covers quarantine/epidemic notification directions — a provision used in tandem with public-health-specific statutes.
4505. Under the BNS, sale of noxious food or drink, knowing it to be noxious, is punished under which section, distinct from the adulteration offence?
- A. Section 274
- B. Section 277
- C. Section 270
- D. Section 275
Answer: Section 275
Explanation: Section 275 BNS punishes the sale of noxious food/drink knowing it to be noxious, as a distinct offence from Section 274's adulteration — both relevant to railway food safety enforcement.
4506. Under the BNS, adulteration of food or drink intended for sale, rendering it noxious, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 272), relevant to railway catering investigations?
- A. Section 270
- B. Section 281
- C. Section 277
- D. Section 274
Answer: Section 274
Explanation: Section 274 BNS retains the offence of adulterating food/drink intended for sale so as to make it noxious, punishable with imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine up to Rs. 5000, or both.
4507. Under the BNS, negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter likely to cause injury to any person (akin to IPC Section 285) is punished under which section, relevant to fire hazards on trains/stations?
- A. Section 125
- B. Section 270
- C. Section 277
- D. Section 281
Answer: Section 277
Explanation: Section 277 BNS punishes negligent conduct with respect to fire or combustible matter endangering human life, with imprisonment up to 6 months, fine up to Rs. 1000, or both.
4508. Under the BNS, obstructing a public way or public line of navigation by an act or omission causing common injury/danger/annoyance to the public is punished under which section as 'public nuisance' (akin to IPC Section 268)?
- A. Section 270 (definition) with Section 271 (punishment)
- B. Section 281
- C. Section 196
- D. Section 125
Answer: Section 270 (definition) with Section 271 (punishment)
Explanation: Section 270 BNS defines 'public nuisance' and Section 271 prescribes punishment (fine up to Rs. 1000) — retaining the IPC 268/290 structure, relevant to obstruction of railway platforms/tracks causing public inconvenience.
4509. Under the BNS, doing an act so rashly or negligently as to endanger human life or personal safety of others without a specifically enumerated category (akin to IPC Section 336) is covered under which section?
- A. Section 281
- B. Section 106
- C. Section 125
- D. Section 121
Answer: Section 125
Explanation: Section 125 BNS punishes an act endangering life or personal safety of others by rashness/negligence, with graduated punishment (up to 6 months if no hurt caused, up to 5 years if grievous hurt caused) — a general provision distinct from the specific driving-related Section 281.
4510. Under the BNS, an act endangering life or personal safety of others, such as rash driving on a public way, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 279)?
- A. Section 106
- B. Section 125
- C. Section 285
- D. Section 281
Answer: Section 281
Explanation: Section 281 BNS retains the offence of rash driving/riding on a public way endangering human life, punishable with imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine up to Rs. 1000, or both.
4511. Under the BNS, whoever causes hurt endeavouring to commit suicide, thereby causing hurt to another person, could be examined alongside which new BNS provision decriminalising attempt to suicide itself?
- A. The BNS, like the Mental Healthcare Act 2017 approach, does not separately criminalise mere attempt to suicide as it did not carry forward IPC Section 309 as a standalone offence in the way IPC did before the 2017 Act's presumption clause
- B. The BNS increased punishment for attempt to suicide compared to the IPC
- C. The BNS made attempt to suicide a strict liability offence with mandatory imprisonment
- D. The BNS merged attempt to suicide with culpable homicide
Answer: The BNS, like the Mental Healthcare Act 2017 approach, does not separately criminalise mere attempt to suicide as it did not carry forward IPC Section 309 as a standalone offence in the way IPC did before the 2017 Act's presumption clause
Explanation: Note: candidates must be careful here — the BNS Section 226 actually retains an offence for attempt to suicide to compel/restrain a public servant from discharge of duty (akin to IPC 309 read with specific intent), but general attempt to suicide without such aggravating intent is not penalised as a standalone offence, consistent with the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017's decriminalisation approach.
4512. Under the BNS, wrongful confinement of a person for three or more days is punished with enhanced punishment under which section, relevant when an RPF SI investigates unlawful detention of a passenger?
- A. Section 128
- B. Section 127(2)
- C. Section 126
- D. Section 131
Answer: Section 127(2)
Explanation: Section 127(2) BNS enhances punishment for wrongful confinement for 3 or more days (up to 2 years), with further graduated enhancements for confinement of 10 days or more, and for confining a person whose liberation the confiner knows is not sought, mirroring IPC 343-346.
4513. Under the BNS, wrongful restraint — voluntarily obstructing a person so as to prevent that person from proceeding in a direction in which they have a right to proceed — is defined under which section (akin to IPC Section 339)?
- A. Section 126
- B. Section 127
- C. Section 130
- D. Section 128
Answer: Section 126
Explanation: Section 126 BNS defines wrongful restraint (obstructing a person's right of way) and wrongful confinement (a more severe form, keeping a person within circumscribed limits), retaining the IPC 339/340 structure.
4514. Under the BNS, assault or criminal force with intent to dishonestly take movable property, or to commit theft, is punished with which enhanced provision compared to simple assault (akin to IPC Section 356)?
- A. Section 128
- B. Section 131
- C. Section 130
- D. Section 129
Answer: Section 131
Explanation: Section 131 BNS punishes assault/criminal force in an attempt to commit theft of property carried by a person, or to wrongfully confine a person, with imprisonment up to 3 years, fine, or both — an enhanced provision relevant to chain-snatching/luggage-snatching at railway stations.
4515. Under the BNS, 'assault' is defined as a gesture or preparation intending or knowing it likely to cause any person present to apprehend criminal force. It is defined under which section (akin to IPC Section 351)?
- A. Section 127
- B. Section 129
- C. Section 130
- D. Section 128
Answer: Section 129
Explanation: Section 129 BNS defines 'assault' as a preparatory gesture creating apprehension of criminal force, distinct from criminal force itself (Section 128) — assault does not require actual physical contact.
4516. Under the BNS, 'criminal force' is defined as intentionally using force to any person without consent, in order to cause an offence, or knowing it likely to cause injury/fear/annoyance. It is defined under which section (akin to IPC Section 350)?
- A. Section 128
- B. Section 121
- C. Section 132
- D. Section 130
Answer: Section 128
Explanation: Section 128 BNS defines 'criminal force,' retaining the IPC 350 definitional structure, distinguished from mere 'force' (Section 127) by the absence of consent and presence of intent/knowledge of likely consequence.
4517. Under the BNS, voluntarily causing hurt to deter any person from a public duty is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 332), directly relevant when a person assaults an RPF SI to obstruct an inspection?
- A. Section 118
- B. Section 132
- C. Section 115
- D. Section 121
Answer: Section 121
Explanation: Section 121 BNS punishes voluntarily causing hurt to deter a public servant from his duty, or to prevent/deter any person from lawfully apprehending an offender, with imprisonment up to 3 years (up to 10 years for grievous hurt) — squarely applicable when an RPF SI is assaulted during duty.
4518. Under the BNS, causing miscarriage without the woman's consent (akin to IPC Section 313) — as opposed to causing miscarriage with her consent — attracts which distinguishing feature in punishment?
- A. It attracts significantly higher punishment, extending up to imprisonment for life, since consent is treated as a mitigating factor absent here
- B. Lack of consent converts the offence into culpable homicide automatically
- C. Consent is irrelevant to the BNS framework for miscarriage offences
- D. Both are punished identically regardless of consent
Answer: It attracts significantly higher punishment, extending up to imprisonment for life, since consent is treated as a mitigating factor absent here
Explanation: The BNS retains IPC's graduated scheme: causing miscarriage with the woman's own consent is punished less severely (Section 88-89 range) than causing miscarriage without her consent, which is treated far more seriously given the absence of the woman's will, extending up to life imprisonment.
4519. Under the BNS, enticing/taking away or detaining a married woman with criminal intent (akin to IPC Section 498) is punished under which section?
- A. Section 82
- B. Section 84
- C. Section 81
- D. Section 85
Answer: Section 84
Explanation: Section 84 BNS retains the offence of enticing, taking away or detaining a married woman with criminal intent, punishable with imprisonment up to 2 years, fine, or both.
4520. Under the BNS, the offence of 'mock marriage' or marrying again during the lifetime of a husband/wife (bigamy) is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 494)?
- A. Section 84
- B. Section 82
- C. Section 80
- D. Section 81
Answer: Section 81
Explanation: Section 81 BNS punishes marrying again during the lifetime of a husband or wife, with imprisonment up to 7 years and fine, subject to the exception where the prior marriage has been declared void by a competent court.
4521. Under the BNS, a marriage ceremony fraudulently gone through without lawful marriage, dishonestly/fraudulently deceiving the other party into believing they are lawfully married, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 496)?
- A. Section 80
- B. Section 84
- C. Section 81
- D. Section 82
Answer: Section 82
Explanation: Section 82 BNS punishes fraudulently going through a marriage ceremony without lawful marriage, with imprisonment up to 7 years and fine — retained in the BNS chapter on offences relating to marriage.
4522. Under the BNS, fraudulently or dishonestly using a false property mark, or counterfeiting a property mark used by another with intent to cause it to be believed genuine, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Sections 482-483)?
- A. Section 322
- B. Section 324
- C. Section 336
- D. Section 318
Answer: Section 322
Explanation: Section 322 BNS retains the offence of using a false property mark or counterfeiting a genuine one, punishable with imprisonment up to 1 year, fine, or both — relevant to fraudulent marking of railway goods/cargo.
4523. Under the BNS, counterfeiting a Government stamp is punished under which section, with severity comparable to currency counterfeiting (akin to IPC Section 255)?
- A. Section 336
- B. Section 178
- C. Section 197
- D. Section 338
Answer: Section 178
Explanation: Counterfeiting Government stamps is covered within the BNS's consolidated currency/stamp-related provisions around Section 178, punishable with imprisonment for life or up to 10 years.
4524. Under the BNS, counterfeiting a currency-note or bank-note, or being in possession of counterfeit currency knowing it to be counterfeit, is punished under which sections (akin to IPC Sections 489A-489D)?
- A. Sections 336-340
- B. Sections 178-182
- C. Sections 111-113
- D. Sections 316-318
Answer: Sections 178-182
Explanation: Sections 178-182 BNS consolidate offences relating to counterfeiting currency notes/bank notes — including making, using, possessing, and making/possessing instruments/materials for counterfeiting — mirroring IPC 489A-489E.
4525. Under the BNS, using as genuine a forged document or electronic record, knowing it to be forged, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 471), with the same punishment as forgery itself?
- A. Section 318
- B. Section 336
- C. Section 340
- D. Section 338
Answer: Section 340
Explanation: Section 340 BNS punishes using a forged document/electronic record as genuine, knowing/having reason to believe it forged, with the same punishment as if he had forged it — directly relevant to fraudulent railway/ID documents.
4526. Under the BNS, forgery of a valuable security, will, or authority to adopt/make a will is punished with enhanced punishment under which section (akin to IPC Section 467)?
- A. Section 340
- B. Section 338
- C. Section 336
- D. Section 316
Answer: Section 338
Explanation: Section 338 BNS punishes forgery of a valuable security/will/authority to adopt a son or to make a will, with imprisonment for life or up to 10 years plus fine — the most severe forgery provision, akin to IPC Section 467.
4527. Under the BNS, 'forgery' is defined as making a false document or electronic record, or part of one, with intent to cause damage/injury, or to support a claim/title, or to commit fraud. It is defined under which section (akin to IPC Section 463)?
- A. Section 318
- B. Section 316
- C. Section 336(1)
- D. Section 340
Answer: Section 336(1)
Explanation: Section 336(1) BNS defines forgery, retaining the IPC 463 definitional structure while expressly including 'electronic record' alongside 'document' to account for digital forgery.
4528. Under the BNS, non-attendance in obedience to an order from a public servant legally competent to issue such order (akin to IPC Section 174) is punished under which section, relevant when a summoned witness fails to appear before an RPF SI?
- A. Section 209
- B. Section 207
- C. Section 213
- D. Section 210
Answer: Section 209
Explanation: Section 209 BNS retains the offence of non-attendance in obedience to a summons/order from a public servant legally competent to require attendance, punishable with simple imprisonment up to 1 month or fine or both.
4529. Under the BNS, a public servant who frames an incorrect document with intent to cause injury to any person (akin to IPC Section 167) is punished under which section?
- A. Section 200
- B. Section 199
- C. Section 233
- D. Section 202
Answer: Section 200
Explanation: Section 200 BNS retains the offence of a public servant framing an incorrect document with intent to cause injury, punishable up to 3 years and fine — relevant to fraudulent official records in departmental investigations.
4530. Under the BNS, a public servant, in a case in which he is not legally bound by law to keep secret, discloses information given to him in his official capacity, and thereby causes injury, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 166)?
- A. Section 199
- B. Section 210
- C. Section 202
- D. Section 233
Answer: Section 199
Explanation: Section 199 BNS retains the offence of a public servant disobeying a direction of law intending to cause injury to any person, covering disclosure/misuse of official information causing harm.
4531. Under the BNS, criminal intimidation — threatening another with injury to person, reputation or property to cause alarm or to compel an act — is defined and punished under which section (akin to IPC Sections 503-506)?
- A. Section 303
- B. Section 356
- C. Section 351
- D. Section 132
Answer: Section 351
Explanation: Section 351 BNS defines and punishes criminal intimidation, retaining the IPC 503/506 structure with enhanced punishment for threats of death/grievous hurt, and anonymous intimidation attracting higher punishment.
4532. Under the BNS, the offence of 'defamation' is retained (akin to IPC Section 499) under which section, and what is a key procedural change relevant to community service sentencing?
- A. Section 111 — treated as organised crime
- B. Section 356 — simple imprisonment up to 2 years, fine, or both, or community service, as punishment options
- C. Section 101 — treated as culpable homicide
- D. Section 303 — imprisonment up to 7 years mandatorily
Answer: Section 356 — simple imprisonment up to 2 years, fine, or both, or community service, as punishment options
Explanation: Section 356 BNS retains defamation with the same simple imprisonment up to 2 years/fine/both structure as IPC 500, but notably adds 'community service' as an explicit alternative sentencing option — one of the BNS's new community-service-eligible offences.
4533. Under the BNS, a person who intentionally gives false information about the commission of an offence, or the identity of an offender, without lawful excuse, misleading investigation, could be charged under which provision especially relevant to railway crime reporting?
- A. Section 303 (theft)
- B. Section 101 (murder)
- C. Section 217 (furnishing false information to a public servant)
- D. Section 111 (organised crime)
Answer: Section 217 (furnishing false information to a public servant)
Explanation: Section 217 BNS is the general provision punishing false information to a public servant (including an investigating officer like an RPF SI), which is exactly the provision engaged when a complainant or witness deliberately misleads a railway crime investigation.
4534. Under the BNS, harbouring an offender who has committed an offence, knowing or having reason to believe he has committed it, with intent to screen him from legal punishment (akin to IPC Section 212), is a distinct offence from Section 238. What is the key distinguishing act?
- A. Impersonating the offender in court
- B. Filing a false FIR against the offender
- C. Bribing a witness to change testimony
- D. Harbouring/concealing the offender himself, as opposed to destroying evidence or giving false information about the offence
Answer: Harbouring/concealing the offender himself, as opposed to destroying evidence or giving false information about the offence
Explanation: Harbouring/concealment of the offender himself is punished under a separate BNS provision analogous to IPC Section 212, distinct from Section 238's focus on disappearance of evidence — both are 'public justice' offences but target different acts.
4535. Under the BNS, causing disappearance of evidence of an offence, or giving false information touching it with intent to screen the offender, is punished under which section, with punishment linked to the gravity of the principal offence (akin to IPC Section 201)?
- A. Section 238
- B. Section 227
- C. Section 237
- D. Section 230
Answer: Section 238
Explanation: Section 238 BNS graduates punishment based on the gravity of the offence being screened — e.g., up to 7 years if the principal offence is punishable with death, reflecting IPC Section 201's tiered structure.
4536. Under the BNS, the offence of destroying a document with intent to prevent it from being produced as evidence (akin to IPC Section 204) is covered under which provision?
- A. Section 227
- B. Section 233
- C. Section 230
- D. Section 238
Answer: Section 238
Explanation: Section 238 BNS punishes causing disappearance of evidence of an offence, or giving false information to screen an offender, and also covers destruction of documents meant to be produced as evidence — retaining the substance of IPC Sections 201/204.
4537. Under the BNS, giving or fabricating false evidence with intent to cause any person to be convicted of a capital offence is punished with which enhanced punishment (akin to IPC Section 194)?
- A. Simple imprisonment up to 6 months
- B. Imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years plus fine, and if an innocent person is actually executed as a result, the offender himself is liable to death or the same punishment
- C. Community service only
- D. A flat fine only, since false evidence is a compoundable offence
Answer: Imprisonment for life or rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years plus fine, and if an innocent person is actually executed as a result, the offender himself is liable to death or the same punishment
Explanation: Section 230 BNS retains IPC Section 194's severe treatment: false evidence intending capital conviction attracts life imprisonment/10 years plus fine, escalating to death (or same sentence as the wrongly executed innocent) if that innocent person is actually executed as a result.
4538. Under the BNS, a person who, being bound by an oath/affirmation to state the truth, makes a false statement which he knows or believes to be false, commits the offence of which category (akin to IPC Section 191)?
- A. Cheating
- B. Criminal breach of trust
- C. Fabricating false evidence
- D. Giving false evidence
Answer: Giving false evidence
Explanation: This is the offence of 'giving false evidence' under Section 227 BNS (akin to IPC Section 191) — knowingly or believingly making a false statement while legally bound by oath/affirmation to state the truth.
4539. Under the BNS, resistance to the taking of property by the lawful authority of a public servant is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 183)?
- A. Section 233
- B. Section 217
- C. Section 221
- D. Section 218
Answer: Section 218
Explanation: Section 218 BNS retains the offence of resistance to lawful taking of property by a public servant's authority, punishable with imprisonment up to 1 month, or fine, or both.
4540. Under the BNS, a person legally bound to give information to a public servant on a subject, who knowingly furnishes false information relating to that subject, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 182)?
- A. Section 216
- B. Section 213
- C. Section 217
- D. Section 233
Answer: Section 217
Explanation: This scenario (false information causing public servant to use lawful power to another's injury, or use his own labour improperly) falls under Section 217 BNS, which consolidates the false-information offences previously spread across IPC Sections 177 and 182.
4541. Under the BNS, refusing to answer a question or sign a statement demanded by a public servant legally competent to demand it (akin to IPC Sections 179-180) is covered under which provision?
- A. Section 210 and Section 211
- B. Section 213 and Section 214
- C. Section 221 and Section 132
- D. Section 217 and Section 233
Answer: Section 213 and Section 214
Explanation: Section 213 BNS (refusing to answer a public servant's lawful question) and Section 214 (refusing to sign a statement) retain the IPC 179-180 structure — offences directly relevant to RPF SIs recording statements during investigation.
4542. Under the BNS, furnishing false information to a public servant, knowing it to be false and intending to cause that public servant to act in a manner prejudicial to public interest, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 177)?
- A. Section 233
- B. Section 210
- C. Section 211
- D. Section 217
Answer: Section 217
Explanation: Section 217 BNS retains the offence of furnishing false information to a public servant, punishable up to 6 months (or up to 2 years if it causes the public servant to use lawful power to the injury of another).
4543. Under the BNS, intentional omission to produce a document to a public servant by a person legally bound to produce it is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 175)?
- A. Section 233
- B. Section 211
- C. Section 207
- D. Section 210
Answer: Section 210
Explanation: Section 210 BNS punishes intentional omission to produce a document/electronic record to a public servant by a person legally bound to do so, an offence relevant to RPF investigations where witnesses/suspects withhold required documents.
4544. Under the BNS, absconding to avoid service of summons or other proceeding from a public servant is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 172)?
- A. Section 233
- B. Section 207
- C. Section 206
- D. Section 221
Answer: Section 207
Explanation: Section 207 BNS retains the offence of absconding to avoid service of summons/proceeding, with enhanced punishment where the summons relates to appearance before a Court, akin to IPC Section 172.
4545. Under the BNS, wearing the dress or carrying any token used by a public servant with fraudulent intent that it may be believed he is such public servant is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 171)?
- A. Section 206
- B. Section 202
- C. Section 205
- D. Section 204
Answer: Section 206
Explanation: Section 206 BNS punishes wearing the dress or carrying any token resembling one used by a public servant, with fraudulent intent, with imprisonment up to 3 months, or fine up to Rs. 2000, or both — distinct from Section 205's actual personation offence.
4546. Under the BNS, personation of a public servant — pretending to hold a particular office as a public servant, knowing it to be false — is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 170)?
- A. Section 233
- B. Section 204
- C. Section 205
- D. Section 202
Answer: Section 205
Explanation: Section 205 BNS punishes personating a public servant, with imprisonment up to 2 years and fine — a provision directly relevant when investigating impersonation of RPF/police officers.
4547. Under the BNS, a public servant unlawfully engaging in trade in respect of which they are legally prohibited from trading (akin to IPC Section 168) is punished under which section?
- A. Section 221
- B. Section 202
- C. Section 198
- D. Section 233
Answer: Section 202
Explanation: Section 202 BNS retains the offence of a public servant unlawfully engaging in trade, punishable with imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine, or both.
4548. Under the BNS, a public servant who, corruptly or maliciously, makes or pronounces an order/judgment/decree he knows to be contrary to law is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 219)?
- A. Section 221
- B. Section 233
- C. Section 132
- D. Section 217
Answer: Section 233
Explanation: Section 233 BNS retains the offence of a judicial/public officer corruptly making a legally erroneous order/report/decision, punishable with imprisonment up to 7 years and fine.
4549. Under the BNS, voluntarily obstructing a public servant in the discharge of public functions, without necessarily using assault or criminal force, is punished under which distinct, lesser section compared to Section 132?
- A. Section 221
- B. Section 133
- C. Section 132
- D. Section 211
Answer: Section 221
Explanation: Section 221 BNS (akin to IPC Section 186) punishes voluntary obstruction of a public servant in discharge of public functions, with a lesser punishment (up to 3 months/fine/both) than the assault-based Section 132, since no force is involved.
4550. Under the BNS, the offence of 'assault or criminal force to deter a public servant from discharge of duty' is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 353), and why is this provision especially relevant to RPF personnel on duty?
- A. Section 121 — because it deals exclusively with railway offences
- B. Section 111 — because obstruction of RPF is treated as organised crime
- C. Section 132 — it directly protects on-duty public servants, including RPF personnel, from assault/force aimed at obstructing lawful duty
- D. Section 303 — because it is treated as an aggravated form of theft
Answer: Section 132 — it directly protects on-duty public servants, including RPF personnel, from assault/force aimed at obstructing lawful duty
Explanation: Section 132 BNS punishes assault or criminal force to deter a public servant from discharge of duty, with imprisonment up to 2 years, fine, or both. Since RPF personnel are public servants performing statutory duties, obstruction/assault on them while on duty squarely attracts this provision.
4551. Under the BNS, unlawfully going armed in public, causing alarm to the public as to the person's intention or the intention of any other person, is a new/consolidated offence under which section?
- A. Section 194
- B. Section 196
- C. Section 197
- D. Section 195
Answer: Section 195
Explanation: Section 195 BNS punishes wearing garb/carrying tokens resembling that of a member of an organisation with fraudulent intent, and also covers going armed to cause public alarm, expanding/consolidating scattered IPC provisions on public order.
4552. Under the BNS, a public servant lawfully commanding an unlawful assembly to disperse and it fails to do so — knowingly joining or continuing in such an assembly after it has been commanded to disperse is punished under which provision (akin to IPC Section 145)?
- A. Section 193
- B. Section 189
- C. Section 191
- D. Section 192
Answer: Section 192
Explanation: Section 192 BNS punishes knowingly joining or continuing in an unlawful assembly which has been commanded to disperse, with imprisonment up to 6 months, fine, or both — retaining the IPC 145 principle.
4553. Under the BNS, being hired or engaging oneself to take part in an unlawful assembly or riot is a specific aggravated offence under which provision (akin to IPC Section 150)?
- A. Section 191
- B. Section 189
- C. Section 193
- D. Section 192
Answer: Section 193
Explanation: Section 193 BNS punishes hiring, engaging or employing persons to take part in unlawful assembly/riot, treating such hired participants and their employer with the same punishment applicable as members of the assembly.
4554. An RPF SI must distinguish 'unlawful assembly' from a mere 'riot' for correct charge framing. Which statement correctly captures the distinction under the BNS?
- A. Rioting requires five or more persons while unlawful assembly requires only two
- B. There is no legal distinction; the two terms are used interchangeably in the BNS
- C. Unlawful assembly is the static offence of assembling with a common object; rioting requires that force or violence actually be used by the assembly or its members in prosecuting that object
- D. Unlawful assembly always requires possession of a deadly weapon; rioting does not
Answer: Unlawful assembly is the static offence of assembling with a common object; rioting requires that force or violence actually be used by the assembly or its members in prosecuting that object
Explanation: Mere assembly with a common object under Section 189 constitutes unlawful assembly; the offence escalates to rioting under Section 191 only when force or violence is actually exercised by the assembly or any member in pursuit of the common object.
4555. Under the BNS, affray — fighting by two or more persons in a public place disturbing public peace — is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 159-160)?
- A. Section 196
- B. Section 194
- C. Section 191
- D. Section 189
Answer: Section 194
Explanation: Section 194 BNS defines and punishes affray (fighting by two or more persons disturbing public peace in a public place) with imprisonment up to 1 month, or fine up to Rs. 1000, or both.
4556. Under the BNS, Section 197 introduces a new sub-clause specifically criminalising which category of conduct beyond the traditional false-statement offence, reflecting a modern concern absent from the original IPC 1860?
- A. Making/publishing false or misleading information jeopardising the sovereignty, unity, integrity or security of India
- B. Illegal betting on cricket matches
- C. Forging railway tickets using digital means
- D. Cyberstalking a public servant
Answer: Making/publishing false or misleading information jeopardising the sovereignty, unity, integrity or security of India
Explanation: Section 197(1)(d) BNS newly criminalises making or publishing false or misleading information jeopardising the sovereignty, unity and integrity, or security of India — a provision with no IPC 1860 equivalent, reflecting concerns about disinformation/national security.
4557. Under the BNS, making, publishing or circulating statements/rumours/reports that are false, with intent to cause fear/alarm or to incite offences against the State or public tranquility, is covered under which provision (akin to IPC Section 505)?
- A. Section 353
- B. Section 197(1)
- C. Section 152
- D. Section 196
Answer: Section 197(1)
Explanation: Section 197(1) BNS (akin to IPC Section 505) punishes making/circulating false statements/rumours likely to cause public fear, incite offences against the State, or promote enmity between groups.
4558. Under the BNS, promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony, is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 153A)?
- A. Section 353
- B. Section 152
- C. Section 196
- D. Section 197
Answer: Section 196
Explanation: Section 196 BNS retains the offence of promoting enmity between groups on grounds of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, caste or community, punishable with up to 3 years imprisonment (5 years if committed in a place of worship).
4559. Under the BNS, 'rioting' is defined as force or violence used by an unlawful assembly or any member thereof in prosecution of the common object. It is punished under which section (akin to IPC Section 147)?
- A. Section 191(1)
- B. Section 189
- C. Section 190
- D. Section 192
Answer: Section 191(1)
Explanation: Section 191(1) BNS defines rioting (force/violence by an unlawful assembly) and Section 191(2) prescribes punishment of imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both — consolidating IPC Sections 146-147 into one provision.
4560. Under the BNS, 'common object' as the basis of constructive liability for members of an unlawful assembly (akin to IPC Section 149) is codified under which section?
- A. Section 192
- B. Section 190
- C. Section 189
- D. Section 191
Answer: Section 190
Explanation: Section 190 BNS provides that every member of an unlawful assembly is guilty of an offence committed by any member in prosecution of the common object, or which members knew was likely to be committed — the constructive liability principle from IPC Section 149.
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