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3041. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Accused' is
- A. अभियुक्त
- B. परिवादी
- C. साक्षी
- D. न्यायाधीश
Answer: अभियुक्त
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Accused' is rendered as 'अभियुक्त'.
3042. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Complainant' is
- A. अभियुक्त
- B. अभियोजक
- C. साक्षी
- D. परिवादी
Answer: परिवादी
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Complainant' is rendered as 'परिवादी'.
3043. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Investigation (criminal)' is
- A. अन्वेषण
- B. संज्ञान
- C. विचारण
- D. अभियोजन
Answer: अन्वेषण
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Investigation (criminal)' is rendered as 'अन्वेषण'.
3044. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Trial' is
- A. विचारण
- B. अन्वेषण
- C. जाँच-पड़ताल
- D. अपील
Answer: विचारण
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Trial' is rendered as 'विचारण'.
3045. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Prosecution' is
- A. परिवाद
- B. विचारण
- C. अन्वेषण
- D. अभियोजन
Answer: अभियोजन
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Prosecution' is rendered as 'अभियोजन'.
3046. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Affidavit' is
- A. बंधपत्र
- B. घोषणा-पत्र
- C. प्रतिज्ञा-पत्र
- D. शपथ-पत्र
Answer: शपथ-पत्र
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Affidavit' is rendered as 'शपथ-पत्र'.
3047. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Acquittal' is
- A. दोषमुक्ति
- B. दोषसिद्धि
- C. अभिमुक्ति-पत्र
- D. निर्वहन
Answer: दोषमुक्ति
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Acquittal' is rendered as 'दोषमुक्ति'.
3048. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Conviction' is
- A. दंडादेश
- B. दोषमुक्ति
- C. दोषसिद्धि
- D. अभियोजन
Answer: दोषसिद्धि
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Conviction' is rendered as 'दोषसिद्धि'.
3049. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Abetment' is
- A. प्रयत्न
- B. सहअपराध
- C. दुष्प्रेरण
- D. षड्यंत्र
Answer: दुष्प्रेरण
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Abetment' is rendered as 'दुष्प्रेरण'.
3050. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Custody' is
- A. निरोध-पत्र
- B. अभिग्रहण
- C. कारावास
- D. अभिरक्षा
Answer: अभिरक्षा
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Custody' is rendered as 'अभिरक्षा'.
3051. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Non-bailable offence' is
- A. शमनीय अपराध
- B. गंभीर अपराध
- C. असंज्ञेय अपराध
- D. अजमानतीय अपराध
Answer: अजमानतीय अपराध
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Non-bailable offence' is rendered as 'अजमानतीय अपराध'.
3052. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Cognizable offence' is
- A. शमनीय अपराध
- B. संज्ञेय अपराध
- C. असंज्ञेय अपराध
- D. जमानतीय अपराध
Answer: संज्ञेय अपराध
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Cognizable offence' is rendered as 'संज्ञेय अपराध'.
3053. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Cognizance' is
- A. संज्ञान
- B. अभिरक्षा
- C. अन्वेषण
- D. अधिकारिता
Answer: संज्ञान
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Cognizance' is rendered as 'संज्ञान'.
3054. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Jurisdiction' is
- A. अधिकारिता
- B. संज्ञान
- C. अपील
- D. पुनरीक्षण
Answer: अधिकारिता
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Jurisdiction' is rendered as 'अधिकारिता'.
3055. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Repeal' is
- A. निलंबन
- B. प्रतिस्थापन
- C. निरसन
- D. संशोधन
Answer: निरसन
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Repeal' is rendered as 'निरसन'.
3056. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Proviso' is
- A. अनुसूची
- B. स्पष्टीकरण
- C. परंतुक
- D. दृष्टांत
Answer: परंतुक
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Proviso' is rendered as 'परंतुक'.
3057. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Bill' is
- A. संशोधन
- B. अधिनियम
- C. विधेयक
- D. अध्यादेश
Answer: विधेयक
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Bill' is rendered as 'विधेयक'.
3058. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Ordinance' is
- A. अधिनियम
- B. संकल्प
- C. अध्यादेश
- D. विधेयक
Answer: अध्यादेश
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Ordinance' is rendered as 'अध्यादेश'.
3059. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Resolution (a Government order)' is
- A. अध्यादेश
- B. विनियम
- C. संकल्प
- D. अधिनियम
Answer: संकल्प
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Resolution (a Government order)' is rendered as 'संकल्प'.
3060. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Demi-official letter' is
- A. अनौपचारिक टिप्पणी
- B. सरकारी पत्र
- C. अर्द्ध-सरकारी पत्र
- D. कार्यालय ज्ञापन
Answer: अर्द्ध-सरकारी पत्र
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Demi-official letter' is rendered as 'अर्द्ध-सरकारी पत्र'.
3061. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Endorsement' is
- A. अनुस्मारक
- B. पावती
- C. पृष्ठांकन
- D. पुनरीक्षण
Answer: पृष्ठांकन
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Endorsement' is rendered as 'पृष्ठांकन'.
3062. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Corrigendum' is
- A. शुद्धिपत्र
- B. पृष्ठांकन
- C. परिशिष्ट
- D. अनुपूरक
Answer: शुद्धिपत्र
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Corrigendum' is rendered as 'शुद्धिपत्र'.
3063. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Office Memorandum' is
- A. कार्यालय ज्ञापन
- B. अर्द्ध-सरकारी पत्र
- C. कार्यालय आदेश
- D. कार्यालय परिपत्र
Answer: कार्यालय ज्ञापन
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Office Memorandum' is rendered as 'कार्यालय ज्ञापन'.
3064. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Circular' is
- A. संकल्प
- B. परिपत्र
- C. अधिसूचना
- D. ज्ञापन
Answer: परिपत्र
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Circular' is rendered as 'परिपत्र'.
3065. As per the standard administrative/legal glossary (CSTT), the Hindi equivalent of the term 'Notification' is
- A. अधिसूचना
- B. परिपत्र
- C. विज्ञप्ति
- D. अनुस्मारक
Answer: अधिसूचना
Explanation: In the standard official glossary 'Notification' is rendered as 'अधिसूचना'. A notification is published in the Gazette.
3066. Under Article 394A, if any difficulty arises in construing the authoritative Hindi text of the Constitution, what is the remedy?
- A. The Hindi text prevails over the English text
- B. The matter is decided by the Committee of Parliament on Official Language
- C. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha issues a ruling
- D. The President shall cause the Hindi text to be suitably revised
Answer: The President shall cause the Hindi text to be suitably revised
Explanation: Article 394A(2) provides that the Hindi translation shall be construed to have the same meaning as the original; if difficulty arises in construing any part, the President shall cause it to be suitably revised.
3067. Article 394A provides for an authoritative text of the Constitution in Hindi. Which constitutional amendment inserted it?
- A. The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956
- B. The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987
- C. The Constitution (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
- D. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
Answer: The Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987
Explanation: Article 394A was inserted by the Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987, requiring the President to publish the Hindi translation of the Constitution and of every amendment, which is deemed the authoritative Hindi text.
3068. Under the proviso to Article 210(2), for which group of State Legislatures was the period after which 'or in English' would be omitted extended to forty years?
- A. Nagaland, Sikkim and Assam
- B. Punjab, Haryana and Delhi
- C. Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram
- D. Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram
Explanation: The proviso to Article 210(2) substitutes twenty-five years for Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura, and forty years for Arunachal Pradesh, Goa and Mizoram.
3069. Article 120(2) provides that after fifteen years from commencement, the words 'or in English' shall be omitted from Article 120(1). What qualification does it attach?
- A. Unless Parliament by law otherwise provides
- B. Unless the Supreme Court directs otherwise
- C. Unless half of the States object
- D. Unless the Speaker certifies otherwise
Answer: Unless Parliament by law otherwise provides
Explanation: Article 120(2) omits 'or in English' after fifteen years 'unless Parliament by law otherwise provides'. Section 3(1) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 provided for continued use of English for transaction of business in Parliament.
3070. Under Article 120(1), when may a member of Parliament address the House in his mother tongue?
- A. When he cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or English, and the Chairman or Speaker permits
- B. Only during Question Hour
- C. Whenever his mother tongue is an Eighth Schedule language
- D. Only with the prior consent of the President
Answer: When he cannot adequately express himself in Hindi or English, and the Chairman or Speaker permits
Explanation: Article 120(1) provides that business in Parliament shall be transacted in Hindi or English, but the Chairman of the Council of States or the Speaker may permit a member who cannot adequately express himself in either to address the House in his mother tongue.
3071. Article 349's special procedure applied to Bills providing for the language to be used for the purposes mentioned in which clause?
- A. Clause (1) of Article 343
- B. Clause (1) of Article 348
- C. Article 120(1)
- D. Article 345
Answer: Clause (1) of Article 348
Explanation: Article 349 required the President's previous sanction for any Bill or amendment making provision for the language to be used for any of the purposes mentioned in Article 348(1), i.e., courts and authoritative legal texts.
3072. Under Article 349, before granting sanction to introduce a language Bill during the first fifteen years, what was the President required to take into consideration?
- A. The recommendations of the Commission under Article 344(1) and the report of the Committee under Article 344(4)
- B. The views of all State Legislatures
- C. Only the advice of the Attorney General
- D. The opinion of the Supreme Court under Article 143
Answer: The recommendations of the Commission under Article 344(1) and the report of the Committee under Article 344(4)
Explanation: Article 349: the President shall not give sanction to the introduction of any such Bill except after taking into consideration the recommendations of the Commission under Article 344(1) and the report of the Committee under Article 344(4).
3073. Under Article 348(3), where a State Legislature uses a language other than English for its Acts, what is deemed to be the authoritative English text?
- A. A translation certified by the Advocate General
- B. A translation in English published under the authority of the Governor in the Official Gazette of the State
- C. The English version attested by the Speaker of the State Assembly
- D. A translation published by the Union Ministry of Law
Answer: A translation in English published under the authority of the Governor in the Official Gazette of the State
Explanation: Article 348(3) provides that a translation in English published under the authority of the Governor in the Official Gazette of the State shall be deemed to be the authoritative English text.
3074. Under Article 348(2), the Governor may authorise Hindi in the proceedings of a High Court. Which High Court is covered by such authorisation?
- A. Any High Court whose Chief Justice consents
- B. Every High Court in India
- C. Only the Supreme Court's circuit benches in that State
- D. The High Court having its principal seat in that State
Answer: The High Court having its principal seat in that State
Explanation: Article 348(2) allows the Governor of a State, with the previous consent of the President, to authorise Hindi or any other language used for official purposes of the State in proceedings in the High Court having its principal seat in that State.
3075. Article 348(1)(b)(iii) requires the authoritative text of which category of instruments to be in English, until Parliament by law otherwise provides?
- A. Correspondence between States
- B. Judgments of district courts
- C. Orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under the Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or a State Legislature
- D. Annual administration reports of Ministries
Answer: Orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under the Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or a State Legislature
Explanation: Article 348(1)(b) covers (i) Bills and amendments, (ii) Acts and Ordinances, and (iii) orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws issued under the Constitution or under any law made by Parliament or a State Legislature.
3076. For developing Hindi's vocabulary, Article 351 lays down an order of preference. Which is correct?
- A. Only on Sanskrit, without recourse to any other language
- B. Primarily on Hindustani and secondarily on English
- C. Primarily on Eighth Schedule languages and secondarily on Sanskrit
- D. Wherever necessary or desirable, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages
Answer: Wherever necessary or desirable, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages
Explanation: Article 351: the Union shall secure the enrichment of Hindi by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
3077. Article 351 directs the Union to secure the enrichment of Hindi by assimilating forms, style and expressions from which sources, 'without interfering with its genius'?
- A. The official languages of all States under Article 345
- B. English and other foreign languages
- C. Sanskrit alone
- D. Hindustani and the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule
Answer: Hindustani and the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule
Explanation: Article 351 speaks of assimilating, without interfering with its genius, the forms, style and expressions used in Hindustani and in the other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule; for vocabulary it draws primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
3078. Under Article 350B(2), the Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities reports to the President. What must the President then do with these reports?
- A. Cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the Governments of the States concerned
- B. Publish them only in the Official Gazette of the State concerned
- C. Forward them to the Supreme Court for enforcement
- D. Refer them to the Official Language Commission
Answer: Cause them to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the Governments of the States concerned
Explanation: Article 350B(2): the President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to the Governments of the States concerned.
3079. Counting Articles 350A and 350B, how many Articles does Part XVII ('Official Language') of the Constitution contain?
- A. Nine
- B. Ten
- C. Twelve
- D. Eleven
Answer: Eleven
Explanation: Part XVII consists of Articles 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 349, 350, 350A, 350B and 351, i.e., eleven Articles.
3080. Articles 350A and 350B were both inserted into the Constitution in 1956 by the same amendment, which also carried out the States' reorganisation. Which amendment was it?
- A. The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
- B. The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956
- C. The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951
- D. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
Answer: The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956
Explanation: The Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, which implemented the reorganisation of States on linguistic lines, inserted Article 350A (mother-tongue instruction) and Article 350B (Special Officer for linguistic minorities).
3081. Under Article 350A, which authority may issue directions to any State for securing the provision of mother-tongue instruction facilities at the primary stage?
- A. The Union Education Minister
- B. The President
- C. The Governor of the State
- D. The Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
Answer: The President
Explanation: Article 350A, after casting the duty on States and local authorities, adds that the President may issue such directions to any State as he considers necessary or proper for securing the provision of such facilities.
3082. Which Article of the Constitution is titled 'Language to be used in representations for redress of grievances'?
- A. Article 346
- B. Article 350A
- C. Article 350
- D. Article 347
Answer: Article 350
Explanation: Article 350 bears this title and entitles every person to submit a representation for redress of any grievance in any of the languages used in the Union or in the State.
3083. Article 347 is triggered when the President is satisfied that a substantial proportion of a State's population desires the use of a language spoken by them to be recognised. What must precede this satisfaction?
- A. A demand being made in that behalf
- B. A resolution of the State Legislature
- C. A reference by the Supreme Court
- D. A recommendation of the Official Language Commission
Answer: A demand being made in that behalf
Explanation: Article 347 operates 'on a demand being made in that behalf'; the President, if satisfied, may direct that such language shall also be officially recognised throughout the State or any part of it for such purpose as he may specify.
3084. Two States, Bihar and Rajasthan, agree that Hindi shall be the language of communication between them. Under Article 346, what is the effect of such agreement?
- A. The agreement is void unless approved by Parliament
- B. English must still be used, with Hindi as an annexure
- C. Hindi may be used for communication between those two States
- D. The President must first issue a direction under Article 347
Answer: Hindi may be used for communication between those two States
Explanation: Article 346 makes the language authorised for the Union the language of inter-State and State-Union communication, but provides that if two or more States agree that Hindi should be the language of communication between them, that language may be used.
3085. Under Article 345, from which pool of languages may a State Legislature adopt its official language(s)?
- A. Any one or more of the languages in use in the State, or Hindi
- B. Only the language spoken by the majority in the State
- C. Only languages listed in the Eighth Schedule
- D. Only Hindi or English
Answer: Any one or more of the languages in use in the State, or Hindi
Explanation: Article 345 lets the Legislature of a State by law adopt any one or more of the languages in use in the State or Hindi. There is no requirement that the language be in the Eighth Schedule.
3086. Article 345 has a proviso dealing with the position until a State Legislature adopts its official language by law. What does it provide?
- A. Hindi automatically becomes the official language of the State
- B. English continues to be used for those official purposes within the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution
- C. The Governor may choose any Eighth Schedule language by order
- D. The President decides the State's official language
Answer: English continues to be used for those official purposes within the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution
Explanation: The proviso to Article 345 says that until the Legislature otherwise provides by law, English shall continue to be used for those official purposes within the State for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution.
3087. Which of the following was NOT a direction contained in the President's Order of 27 April 1960 issued after the Pant Committee report?
- A. Preparation of standard Hindi terminology for scientific and technical terms
- B. Arrangements for training Central Government employees in Hindi
- C. Immediate discontinuance of English for all official purposes of the Union
- D. Translation of procedural literature and manuals into Hindi
Answer: Immediate discontinuance of English for all official purposes of the Union
Explanation: The 1960 Order dealt with evolving Hindi terminology, translating procedural literature, training employees in Hindi and similar preparatory steps. It did not discontinue English; its continued use was later secured by the Official Languages Act, 1963.
3088. Under Article 344(1), the composition of the Official Language Commission was to include members representing which languages?
- A. Classical languages notified by the Ministry of Culture
- B. The different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule
- C. The official languages of the States adopted under Article 345
- D. Only Hindi and English
Answer: The different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule
Explanation: Article 344(1): the Commission shall consist of a Chairman and such other members representing the different languages specified in the Eighth Schedule as the President may appoint.
3089. Consider: (1) The Committee under Article 344(4) consists of 30 members. (2) The Committee under Section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 also consists of 30 members. (3) Both committees report to the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. Which are correct?
- A. 1 only
- B. 1, 2 and 3
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1 and 2 only
Answer: 1 and 2 only
Explanation: Both committees have 30 members (20 from Lok Sabha, 10 from Rajya Sabha). Both report to the President, not to the Speaker: Article 344(5) and Section 4(3) respectively.
3090. The Official Language Commission of 1955 under Article 344(1) was chaired by B.G. Kher. In which year did it submit its report?
- A. 1959
- B. 1955
- C. 1960
- D. 1956
Answer: 1956
Explanation: The Kher Commission was constituted in 1955 and submitted its report in 1956. That report was then examined by the Committee of Parliament under Article 344(4) chaired by G.B. Pant, which reported in 1959.
3091. Arrange in chronological order: (1) Pant Committee report; (2) Kher Commission constituted; (3) President's Order under Article 344(6); (4) Official Languages Act enacted.
- A. 2, 1, 3, 4
- B. 2, 1, 4, 3
- C. 1, 2, 3, 4
- D. 2, 3, 1, 4
Answer: 2, 1, 3, 4
Explanation: Kher Commission constituted 1955; Pant Committee reported 1959; President's Order under Article 344(6) issued 1960; Official Languages Act enacted 1963.
3092. Article 344(6) begins with a non-obstante clause. Which Article does it expressly override when the President issues directions on the Parliamentary Committee's report?
- A. Article 345
- B. Article 343
- C. Article 348
- D. Article 351
Answer: Article 343
Explanation: Article 344(6) opens 'Notwithstanding anything in Article 343', allowing the President, after considering the Committee's report, to issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of it.
3093. Article 344(5) defines the duty of the Committee of Parliament constituted under Article 344(4). What is that duty?
- A. To appoint members of the Official Language Commission
- B. To hear appeals against orders of the Governor under Article 348(2)
- C. To frame rules for the use of Hindi in Union offices
- D. To examine the recommendations of the Commission and report its opinion on them to the President
Answer: To examine the recommendations of the Commission and report its opinion on them to the President
Explanation: Article 344(5): it shall be the duty of the Committee to examine the recommendations of the Commission constituted under clause (1) and to report to the President their opinion thereon.
3094. Which statement correctly contrasts how members are chosen for the Official Language Commission under Article 344(1) and for the Committee under Article 344(4)?
- A. Commission members are elected by Parliament; Committee members are nominated by the Speaker
- B. Both are appointed by the President
- C. Both are nominated by the Prime Minister
- D. Commission members are appointed by the President; Committee members are elected by the two Houses by proportional representation through single transferable vote
Answer: Commission members are appointed by the President; Committee members are elected by the two Houses by proportional representation through single transferable vote
Explanation: Under Article 344(1) the Chairman and members of the Commission are appointed by the President. Under Article 344(4) the 30 Committee members (20 Lok Sabha, 10 Rajya Sabha) are elected by members of each House by proportional representation by single transferable vote.
3095. Article 344(2)(d) required the Official Language Commission to recommend on which matter concerning numerals?
- A. Numerals to be used in High Court judgments only
- B. The form of numerals to be used for any one or more specified purposes of the Union
- C. Abolition of the international form of Indian numerals
- D. Numerals to be used by State Legislatures
Answer: The form of numerals to be used for any one or more specified purposes of the Union
Explanation: Article 344(2)(d) speaks of 'the form of numerals to be used for any one or more specified purposes of the Union'.
3096. Under Article 344(2)(c), the Official Language Commission was to make recommendations on the language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in which Article?
- A. Article 348
- B. Article 120
- C. Article 350
- D. Article 345
Answer: Article 348
Explanation: Article 344(2)(c) covers the language to be used for all or any of the purposes mentioned in Article 348, i.e., proceedings in the Supreme Court and High Courts and authoritative texts of Bills, Acts and subordinate legislation.
3097. Article 344(1) required the President to constitute an Official Language Commission at two points of time. Counting from 26 January 1950, which pair of years did these correspond to?
- A. 1952 and 1957
- B. 1960 and 1965
- C. 1955 and 1965
- D. 1955 and 1960
Answer: 1955 and 1960
Explanation: Article 344(1) speaks of the expiration of five years, and thereafter ten years, from the commencement of the Constitution, i.e., 1955 and 1960. Only the first (Kher) Commission of 1955 was actually set up.
3098. The fifteen-year period mentioned in Article 343(2) ran from the commencement of the Constitution. On which date did that period come to an end, coinciding with the date on which Section 3 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 came into force?
- A. 26 January 1960
- B. 10 May 1963
- C. 26 January 1965
- D. 15 August 1965
Answer: 26 January 1965
Explanation: The Constitution commenced on 26 January 1950, so the fifteen-year period ended on 26 January 1965. Section 1 of the 1963 Act brought Section 3 into force on that very date, the 'appointed day'.
3099. An SI argues that Devanagari numerals may lawfully replace international numerals in a Union notification today simply because the notification is in Hindi. Under Articles 343(1) and 343(3), what is the correct position?
- A. The international form of Indian numerals is prescribed; Devanagari numerals can be used only for purposes Parliament specifies by law
- B. Devanagari numerals are compulsory in every Hindi document of the Union
- C. The choice of numerals is left to the head of each office
- D. Devanagari numerals are barred from all Union documents without exception
Answer: The international form of Indian numerals is prescribed; Devanagari numerals can be used only for purposes Parliament specifies by law
Explanation: Article 343(1) prescribes the international form of Indian numerals for official purposes of the Union. After the fifteen-year period, Devanagari numerals may be used only for purposes specified by a law of Parliament under Article 343(3).
3100. Article 343(3) empowers Parliament to provide by law for the use, after the fifteen-year period, of which two things for purposes specified in the law?
- A. Hindustani and the Devanagari form of numerals
- B. The English language and the international form of Indian numerals
- C. The English language and the Devanagari form of numerals
- D. Any Eighth Schedule language and the Roman script
Answer: The English language and the Devanagari form of numerals
Explanation: Article 343(3) lets Parliament by law provide for the use, after fifteen years, of (a) the English language or (b) the Devanagari form of numerals for purposes specified in the law. The international form of numerals is already the rule under Article 343(1).
3101. Under Article 343(2), English was to continue for 15 years for which official purposes of the Union?
- A. Only for court proceedings
- B. For all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution
- C. Only for communication with non-Hindi States
- D. Only for correspondence with foreign governments
Answer: For all the official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution
Explanation: Article 343(2) continued English for all official purposes of the Union for which it was being used immediately before the commencement of the Constitution, for 15 years from that commencement (i.e. till 25 January 1965).
3102. Under Article 343(1), what is constitutionally prescribed as the form of numerals for the official purposes of the Union?
- A. The international form of Indian numerals
- B. Devanagari numerals only
- C. Roman numerals
- D. Any form chosen by the Ministry concerned
Answer: The international form of Indian numerals
Explanation: Article 343(1) prescribes the international form of Indian numerals (1, 2, 3...) for the official purposes of the Union. Devanagari numerals may be used only where authorised under the proviso to Article 343(2) or by law under Article 343(3).
3103. A Railway Inspector argues that the Official Language Resolution, 1968 has the force of a statute and that any breach can be prosecuted. Why is this wrong?
- A. It was passed only by the Rajya Sabha
- B. It applies only to State Governments
- C. It is a policy resolution of both Houses of Parliament, binding on the executive as policy, but it creates no offence and prescribes no penalty
- D. The Resolution was struck down in 1970
Answer: It is a policy resolution of both Houses of Parliament, binding on the executive as policy, but it creates no offence and prescribes no penalty
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution lays down policy and is implemented through administrative instructions, the Annual Programme and the Rules. Neither the Resolution nor the Official Languages Act creates any criminal offence; compliance is secured administratively.
3104. Apart from Hindi, what commitment did the Official Language Resolution, 1968 make towards the other languages of the Eighth Schedule?
- A. That they would be written only in Devanagari
- B. That they would be dropped from the Schedule if spoken by under one crore people
- C. That the Government of India, in collaboration with State Governments, would prepare and implement a programme for their coordinated development
- D. That they would replace English in Parliament
Answer: That the Government of India, in collaboration with State Governments, would prepare and implement a programme for their coordinated development
Explanation: Recognising the Eighth Schedule languages as part of India's cultural heritage, the 1968 Resolution committed the Government of India, together with State Governments, to a programme for their coordinated development.
3105. Which of the following pairs the 1968 Official Language Resolution's educational commitment correctly?
- A. Implementing the Three Language Formula — a modern Indian language (preferably a southern language) besides Hindi and English in Hindi-speaking areas, and Hindi with the regional language and English in non-Hindi areas
- B. Compulsory Sanskrit in all Central schools
- C. Abolishing English in schools by 1975
- D. Mother-tongue medium in universities
Answer: Implementing the Three Language Formula — a modern Indian language (preferably a southern language) besides Hindi and English in Hindi-speaking areas, and Hindi with the regional language and English in non-Hindi areas
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution called for the Three Language Formula to be implemented in cooperation with State Governments: in Hindi-speaking areas a modern Indian language, preferably a southern one, besides Hindi and English; in non-Hindi areas Hindi along with the regional language and English.
3106. What did the Official Language Resolution, 1968 resolve about the medium of examination for All India and higher Central Services?
- A. Each State's official language would be the only medium for candidates from that State
- B. All languages in the Eighth Schedule and English would be permitted as alternative media, after ascertaining the views of the UPSC on the future scheme
- C. Only English and Sanskrit would be permitted
- D. Only Hindi would be the medium
Answer: All languages in the Eighth Schedule and English would be permitted as alternative media, after ascertaining the views of the UPSC on the future scheme
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution provided that all languages in the Eighth Schedule and English shall be permitted as alternative media for All India and higher Central Services examinations, after ascertaining the views of the UPSC on the future scheme of examinations.
3107. Under the Official Language Resolution, 1968, what is the general rule about knowledge of Hindi or English at the stage of recruitment to Union services?
- A. Knowledge of either Hindi or English is compulsory, except for specified services/posts needing a high standard of English alone, Hindi alone, or both
- B. Knowledge of Hindi alone is compulsory for all posts
- C. No language knowledge may be required at recruitment
- D. Knowledge of both Hindi and English is compulsory for all posts
Answer: Knowledge of either Hindi or English is compulsory, except for specified services/posts needing a high standard of English alone, Hindi alone, or both
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution made knowledge of either Hindi or English compulsory at the stage of recruitment, except for specially specified services or posts requiring a high standard of knowledge of English alone, Hindi alone, or both.
3108. The Official Language Resolution, 1968 directed that an annual assessment report on the measures taken and progress achieved in the use of Hindi be prepared. Before whom is it to be laid, and to whom sent?
- A. Laid on the Table of both Houses of Parliament and sent to all State Governments
- B. Laid before the Supreme Court and sent to the High Courts
- C. Laid before the Railway Board and sent to the zones
- D. Laid before the Kendriya Hindi Samiti and sent to the UPSC
Answer: Laid on the Table of both Houses of Parliament and sent to all State Governments
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution required the Government of India to prepare a more intensive programme for spreading Hindi and to lay an annual assessment report before both Houses of Parliament and send it to all State Governments. This is the origin of the Annual Programme and the annual assessment report.
3109. Which statement about the Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967 is correct?
- A. It amended Article 343 of the Constitution
- B. It was a Presidential Order under Article 344(6)
- C. It was passed after the 1965 language agitation and gave statutory form to the assurance that English would continue as long as non-Hindi States wished
- D. It made Hindi the sole official language from 1970
Answer: It was passed after the 1965 language agitation and gave statutory form to the assurance that English would continue as long as non-Hindi States wished
Explanation: The 1967 Amendment Act was an ordinary Act of Parliament amending the 1963 Act (not the Constitution). It recast Section 3, adding the bilingual and Section 3(5) safeguards that give statutory force to the assurances given to non-Hindi areas.
3110. Under Section 8 of the Official Languages Act, 1963, every rule made under the Act must be laid before each House of Parliament while in session for a total period of how many days?
- A. Thirty days
- B. Sixty days
- C. Fourteen days
- D. Ninety days
Answer: Thirty days
Explanation: Section 8 requires every rule to be laid before each House, while in session, for a total period of thirty days (in one session or two or more successive sessions); if both Houses agree to modify or annul it, it has effect only in modified form or no effect.
3111. How does Section 7 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 go further than the proviso to Article 348(2)?
- A. It permits Hindi in Supreme Court proceedings
- B. It abolishes the need for the President's consent
- C. Article 348(2) excludes judgments, decrees and orders from the Governor's authorisation, whereas Section 7 allows them to be delivered in Hindi/State language with an accompanying English translation
- D. It makes Hindi the sole language of High Courts
Answer: Article 348(2) excludes judgments, decrees and orders from the Governor's authorisation, whereas Section 7 allows them to be delivered in Hindi/State language with an accompanying English translation
Explanation: The proviso to Article 348(2) says the Governor's authorisation of Hindi in High Court proceedings does not extend to judgments, decrees or orders. Section 7 of the 1963 Act, made by Parliament under Article 348(1), fills that gap, subject to an English translation.
3112. Section 7 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 permits a High Court judgment, decree or order to be delivered in Hindi or the State's official language. What two conditions apply?
- A. A resolution of the State Legislature, and approval of the Bar Council
- B. Authorisation by Parliament, and publication in all Eighth Schedule languages
- C. Authorisation by the Governor with the previous consent of the President, and the judgment must be accompanied by an English translation issued under the authority of the High Court
- D. Consent of the Chief Justice of India, and a Hindi summary
Answer: Authorisation by the Governor with the previous consent of the President, and the judgment must be accompanied by an English translation issued under the authority of the High Court
Explanation: Section 7: the Governor, with the previous consent of the President, may authorise Hindi or the State's official language, in addition to English, for High Court judgments, decrees or orders; such a judgment must be accompanied by an English translation issued under the authority of the High Court.
3113. A State Legislature has prescribed a language other than Hindi for its Acts. Under Section 6 of the Official Languages Act, 1963, which additional translation may be published, and under whose authority?
- A. A Hindi translation (in addition to the English translation under Article 348(3)), under the authority of the Governor in the Official Gazette of the State
- B. An English translation, under the authority of the President
- C. A Hindi translation, under the authority of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha
- D. A Sanskrit translation, under the authority of the Chief Justice of the High Court
Answer: A Hindi translation (in addition to the English translation under Article 348(3)), under the authority of the Governor in the Official Gazette of the State
Explanation: Section 6 allows a Hindi translation of such State Acts/Ordinances, in addition to the English translation under Article 348(3), to be published under the authority of the Governor in the State's Official Gazette; it is then deemed the authoritative Hindi text.
3114. Under Section 5(2) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, what must accompany the authoritative English text of every Bill introduced in Parliament?
- A. A Devanagari transliteration of the English text
- B. A certificate from the Attorney General
- C. A summary in all Eighth Schedule languages
- D. A translation in Hindi authorised in the manner prescribed by rules
Answer: A translation in Hindi authorised in the manner prescribed by rules
Explanation: Section 5(2) requires the authoritative English text of every Bill introduced, and every amendment moved, in Parliament to be accompanied by a Hindi translation authorised as prescribed by rules.
3115. Section 5(1) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 makes which translation the 'authoritative text in Hindi'?
- A. Any translation made by a Rajbhasa Adhikari of a Railway zone
- B. A Hindi translation certified by the Supreme Court
- C. A translation in Hindi, published under the authority of the President in the Official Gazette, of a Central Act, an Ordinance of the President, or an order/rule/regulation/bye-law under the Constitution or a Central Act
- D. A translation published by a State Government in its Gazette
Answer: A translation in Hindi, published under the authority of the President in the Official Gazette, of a Central Act, an Ordinance of the President, or an order/rule/regulation/bye-law under the Constitution or a Central Act
Explanation: Under Section 5(1), the Hindi translation published under the authority of the President in the Official Gazette of a Central Act, Presidential Ordinance, or order/rule/regulation/bye-law under the Constitution or a Central Act is deemed the authoritative Hindi text.
3116. Section 2 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 defines two expressions. Which pair is correct?
- A. 'Region A' and 'Region B'
- B. 'Central Government office' and 'notified office'
- C. 'Working knowledge' and 'proficiency'
- D. 'Appointed day' (26 January 1965 in relation to Section 3) and 'Hindi' (Hindi in Devanagari script)
Answer: 'Appointed day' (26 January 1965 in relation to Section 3) and 'Hindi' (Hindi in Devanagari script)
Explanation: The Act defines only 'appointed day' and 'Hindi'. Regions, working knowledge, proficiency, Central Government office and notified office are defined in Rule 2 of the Official Language Rules, 1976.
3117. Section 3(4) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 states the factors the Central Government must have regard to when making rules on language for official purposes. Which pair is correct?
- A. Quick and efficient disposal of official business and the interests of the general public
- B. Recommendations of State Public Service Commissions and court rulings
- C. Cost of translation and availability of typewriters
- D. Population census and literacy rate
Answer: Quick and efficient disposal of official business and the interests of the general public
Explanation: Section 3(4) lets the Central Government make rules for the language(s) to be used for official purposes, having regard to the quick and efficient disposal of official business and the interests of the general public.
3118. Section 3(4) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 requires that rules framed on language for official purposes must ensure what for persons serving the Union?
- A. That all of them pass the Pragya examination within five years
- B. That only Hindi-proficient persons are promoted
- C. That English-knowing staff receive a special allowance
- D. That persons with proficiency in either Hindi or English can function effectively and are not placed at a disadvantage for lacking proficiency in both
Answer: That persons with proficiency in either Hindi or English can function effectively and are not placed at a disadvantage for lacking proficiency in both
Explanation: Section 3(4) directs that the rules shall ensure that persons serving in connection with the affairs of the Union and having proficiency in either Hindi or English may function effectively and are not placed at a disadvantage on the ground that they lack proficiency in both.
3119. Section 3(2) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 provides that when Hindi or English is used for communication between one Ministry/office of the Central Government and another, a translation in the other language must also be provided. Until when does this requirement continue?
- A. Until the staff of the concerned office have acquired a working knowledge of Hindi
- B. For ten years from 1965 only
- C. Until the Supreme Court adopts Hindi
- D. Until the office is notified as a Region A office
Answer: Until the staff of the concerned office have acquired a working knowledge of Hindi
Explanation: Section 3(2) requires a translation of the communication in the other language to be provided until the staff of the concerned Ministry, Department, office or corporation have acquired a working knowledge of Hindi.
3120. Under the first proviso to Section 3(1) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, in which language must communications between the Union and a State that has NOT adopted Hindi as its official language be made?
- A. Either Hindi or the State's language at the Union's choice
- B. English
- C. Hindi with an English translation
- D. The regional language of that State
Answer: English
Explanation: The first proviso to Section 3(1) requires English for purposes of communication between the Union and a State which has not adopted Hindi as its official language.
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