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801. 'Padmavat', an epic in Awadhi composed in 1540, is the work of:
- A. Raskhan
- B. Kabir
- C. Malik Muhammad Jayasi
- D. Amir Khusrau
Answer: Malik Muhammad Jayasi
Explanation: Jayasi's Padmavat tells the story of Rani Padmini and Alauddin Khalji.
802. Which Arabic-language work on India's science, religion and customs was written by Al-Biruni during Mahmud of Ghazni's era?
- A. Shahnama
- B. Kitab-ul-Hind
- C. Tarikh-i-Yamini
- D. Chachnama
Answer: Kitab-ul-Hind
Explanation: Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind (c. 1030) describes Indian science, religion and customs.
803. 'Ain-i-Akbari', a detailed administrative record of Akbar's empire, was written by:
- A. Abul Fazl
- B. Faizi
- C. Badauni
- D. Todar Mal
Answer: Abul Fazl
Explanation: Abul Fazl wrote it as the third volume of the Akbarnama.
804. Who wrote 'Gulamgiri' (1873), a critique of the caste system?
- A. B. R. Ambedkar
- B. Jyotiba Phule
- C. Narayana Guru
- D. Periyar E. V. Ramasamy
Answer: Jyotiba Phule
Explanation: Phule dedicated Gulamgiri to the American abolitionists; he founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
805. 'The Annihilation of Caste' was originally prepared by B. R. Ambedkar as an undelivered address for which body?
- A. Arya Samaj
- B. Hindu Mahasabha
- C. Indian National Congress
- D. Jat-Pat Todak Mandal, Lahore
Answer: Jat-Pat Todak Mandal, Lahore
Explanation: The 1936 address for the Jat-Pat Todak Mandal's Lahore conference was cancelled by the organisers and published by Ambedkar himself.
806. 'Gitarahasya', a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, was written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak during imprisonment at:
- A. Mandalay
- B. Ahmednagar
- C. Yerwada
- D. Cellular Jail
Answer: Mandalay
Explanation: Tilak was imprisoned in Mandalay, Burma, from 1908 to 1914 and wrote Gita Rahasya there.
807. 'Poverty and Un-British Rule in India', which propounded the Drain Theory, was authored by:
- A. M. G. Ranade
- B. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
- C. Dadabhai Naoroji
- D. R. C. Dutt
Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji
Explanation: Naoroji's 1901 work set out the Drain of Wealth theory; R. C. Dutt wrote 'Economic History of India'.
808. Which Indian-American author won the 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction for 'Interpreter of Maladies'?
- A. Bharati Mukherjee
- B. Jhumpa Lahiri
- C. Arundhati Roy
- D. Anita Desai
Answer: Jhumpa Lahiri
Explanation: Lahiri's debut short-story collection won the Pulitzer in 2000.
809. 'Midnight's Children', winner of the 1981 Booker Prize, was written by:
- A. Vikram Seth
- B. Salman Rushdie
- C. Rohinton Mistry
- D. Amitav Ghosh
Answer: Salman Rushdie
Explanation: Rushdie's novel won the Booker of Bookers in 1993 and the Best of the Booker in 2008.
810. Which Hindi novel by Geetanjali Shree, translated by Daisy Rockwell as 'Tomb of Sand', won the International Booker Prize in 2022?
- A. Khali Jagah
- B. Ret Samadhi
- C. Mai
- D. Hamara Shahar Us Baras
Answer: Ret Samadhi
Explanation: It was the first Hindi (and Indian-language) novel to win the International Booker Prize.
811. India's best-ever Asian Games tally of 107 medals came at which edition?
- A. Incheon 2014
- B. Guangzhou 2010
- C. Hangzhou (held 2023)
- D. Jakarta-Palembang 2018
Answer: Hangzhou (held 2023)
Explanation: India won 28 gold, 38 silver and 41 bronze at Hangzhou.
812. Which city hosted the first Asian Games in 1951?
- A. Bangkok
- B. Tokyo
- C. Manila
- D. New Delhi
Answer: New Delhi
Explanation: The Asian Games were first held in New Delhi (1951) and again in 1982.
813. The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna renaming was announced in August 2021. Dhyan Chand's birth anniversary, observed as National Sports Day, is on:
- A. 15 September
- B. 12 January
- C. 29 August
- D. 7 August
Answer: 29 August
Explanation: Dhyan Chand was born on 29 August 1905 at Prayagraj (Allahabad).
814. Who won the 2024 Australian Open men's doubles at age 43, the oldest Grand Slam men's champion in the Open era?
- A. Rohan Bopanna
- B. Mahesh Bhupathi
- C. Leander Paes
- D. Sumit Nagal
Answer: Rohan Bopanna
Explanation: Bopanna partnered Matthew Ebden of Australia to win the title.
815. Which player became the first to score 50 ODI centuries, in the 2023 World Cup semi-final at the Wankhede Stadium?
- A. Rohit Sharma
- B. Shubman Gill
- C. Virat Kohli
- D. Sachin Tendulkar
Answer: Virat Kohli
Explanation: Kohli's 50th ODI hundred came against New Zealand, surpassing Tendulkar's 49.
816. Which captain led India to victory in the 2007 T20 World Cup final against Pakistan at Johannesburg?
- A. M. S. Dhoni
- B. Rahul Dravid
- C. Virat Kohli
- D. Sourav Ganguly
Answer: M. S. Dhoni
Explanation: India won by 5 runs; Dhoni also led them to the 2011 ODI WC and 2013 Champions Trophy.
817. Who took all ten wickets in a Test innings against Pakistan at Delhi in 1999?
- A. Harbhajan Singh
- B. Kapil Dev
- C. Javagal Srinath
- D. Anil Kumble
Answer: Anil Kumble
Explanation: Kumble took 10 for 74 at Feroz Shah Kotla, only the second 10-wicket Test haul after Jim Laker.
818. Who scored the first men's ODI double century, at Gwalior in February 2010?
- A. Rohit Sharma
- B. Virender Sehwag
- C. Chris Gayle
- D. Sachin Tendulkar
Answer: Sachin Tendulkar
Explanation: Tendulkar made 200 not out against South Africa; Rohit Sharma's 264 (Eden Gardens, 2014) is the highest ODI score.
819. Who was the first Indian woman to win a World Championships medal in athletics (bronze, long jump, Paris 2003)?
- A. Jyotirmoyee Sikdar
- B. Kamalpreet Kaur
- C. P. T. Usha
- D. Anju Bobby George
Answer: Anju Bobby George
Explanation: Anju Bobby George's 2003 bronze remains India's only World Championships medal for women in the long jump.
820. P. T. Usha narrowly missed the bronze in the 400 m hurdles at the 1984 Olympics by:
- A. 0.5 seconds
- B. 2/100th of a second
- C. 1/100th of a second
- D. 1/10th of a second
Answer: 1/100th of a second
Explanation: She finished fourth at Los Angeles, missing the medal by 1/100th of a second.
821. Who was the first Indian Formula One driver, debuting in 2005?
- A. Vijay Mallya
- B. Armaan Ebrahim
- C. Karun Chandhok
- D. Narain Karthikeyan
Answer: Narain Karthikeyan
Explanation: Karthikeyan drove for Jordan in 2005; the Indian Grand Prix was held at Buddh International Circuit, Greater Noida (2011-13).
822. Who won the All England Open Badminton Championships in 1980, the first Indian to do so?
- A. Syed Modi
- B. Srikanth Kidambi
- C. Pullela Gopichand
- D. Prakash Padukone
Answer: Prakash Padukone
Explanation: Padukone won in 1980; Gopichand won in 2001.
823. India's first win in the Thomas Cup was achieved in 2022 by beating which team in the final?
- A. Malaysia
- B. Indonesia
- C. China
- D. Denmark
Answer: Indonesia
Explanation: India beat 14-time champions Indonesia 3-0 in Bangkok.
824. Who became India's first chess Grandmaster in 1988?
- A. Dibyendu Barua
- B. Koneru Humpy
- C. Pentala Harikrishna
- D. Viswanathan Anand
Answer: Viswanathan Anand
Explanation: Anand became India's first GM in 1988 and later a five-time world champion.
825. Which Indian chess player became the youngest undisputed World Chess Champion in December 2024, aged 18?
- A. Arjun Erigaisi
- B. R. Praggnanandhaa
- C. Nihal Sarin
- D. D. Gukesh
Answer: D. Gukesh
Explanation: Gukesh beat Ding Liren 7.5-6.5 in Singapore.
826. Who won India's first Olympic medal in 1900 Paris, taking two silvers in athletics?
- A. Jaipal Singh
- B. Norman Pritchard
- C. Dhyan Chand
- D. Balbir Singh Sr.
Answer: Norman Pritchard
Explanation: Norman Pritchard won silver in the 200 m and 200 m hurdles.
827. How many Olympic gold medals has India's men's hockey team won in total?
- A. 9
- B. 7
- C. 8
- D. 6
Answer: 8
Explanation: Golds in 1928, 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964 and 1980.
828. In which Olympics did India's men's hockey team win bronze beating Germany 5-4 after 41 years?
- A. London 2012
- B. Paris 2024
- C. Tokyo 2020
- D. Rio 2016
Answer: Tokyo 2020
Explanation: India beat Germany 5-4 in the Tokyo bronze match; in Paris 2024 they beat Spain 2-1 for a second consecutive bronze.
829. Who was the youngest Indian to win an individual Olympic medal, taking bronze in 57 kg wrestling at Paris 2024?
- A. Aman Sehrawat
- B. Ravi Dahiya
- C. Bajrang Punia
- D. Deepak Punia
Answer: Aman Sehrawat
Explanation: Aman Sehrawat was 21 years and 24 days old when he won bronze.
830. Manu Bhaker became the first Indian to win two medals in a single Olympics (Paris 2024). Her second medal came in:
- A. 25 m pistol women
- B. 10 m air pistol mixed team with Sarabjot Singh
- C. Trap mixed team
- D. 10 m air rifle mixed team
Answer: 10 m air pistol mixed team with Sarabjot Singh
Explanation: Her first bronze was the individual 10 m air pistol; the second was the mixed team event with Sarabjot Singh.
831. Who was the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal (Sydney 2000)?
- A. Saina Nehwal
- B. Karnam Malleswari
- C. Mary Kom
- D. P. V. Sindhu
Answer: Karnam Malleswari
Explanation: Karnam Malleswari took bronze in the 69 kg weightlifting category.
832. Who was the first Indian to win an individual Olympic medal after independence (Helsinki 1952)?
- A. Leander Paes
- B. Karnam Malleswari
- C. Sushil Kumar
- D. K. D. Jadhav
Answer: K. D. Jadhav
Explanation: Khashaba Dadasaheb Jadhav won freestyle wrestling bantamweight bronze in 1952.
833. Neeraj Chopra's gold medal throw at the Tokyo Olympics (held 2021) measured:
- A. 86.67 m
- B. 88.07 m
- C. 87.58 m
- D. 89.45 m
Answer: 87.58 m
Explanation: He threw 87.58 m in Tokyo; in Paris 2024 he won silver with 89.45 m behind Arshad Nadeem's 92.97 m.
834. Who won India's first individual Olympic gold medal, in the 10 m air rifle event at Beijing 2008?
- A. Rajyavardhan Rathore
- B. Gagan Narang
- C. Abhinav Bindra
- D. Vijay Kumar
Answer: Abhinav Bindra
Explanation: Abhinav Bindra's 2008 gold was India's first individual Olympic gold; Neeraj Chopra's 2020 javelin gold is the second.
835. Which body regulates telecommunication tariffs in India, set up by the TRAI Act in 1997?
- A. SEBI
- B. IRDAI
- C. TRAI
- D. CERC
Answer: TRAI
Explanation: The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India was established on 20 February 1997.
836. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was raised under which Act?
- A. National Security Act, 1980
- B. Disaster Management Act, 2005
- C. Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897
- D. Environment Protection Act, 1986
Answer: Disaster Management Act, 2005
Explanation: NDRF was constituted in 2006 under the DM Act 2005 and has battalions drawn from CAPFs.
837. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) was established in 1963 based on the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of:
- A. 1957
- B. 1935
- C. 1950
- D. 1946
Answer: 1946
Explanation: CBI derives its powers from the DSPE Act 1946 and was set up by a Home Ministry resolution on 1 April 1963.
838. The Central Vigilance Commission was set up in 1964 on the recommendation of:
- A. Kothari Committee
- B. Administrative Reforms Commission
- C. Wanchoo Committee
- D. Santhanam Committee
Answer: Santhanam Committee
Explanation: K. Santhanam's Committee on Prevention of Corruption recommended the CVC; it got statutory status in 2003.
839. The National Human Rights Commission was set up under the Protection of Human Rights Act on:
- A. 25 January 1950
- B. 12 October 1993
- C. 10 December 1948
- D. 28 September 1993
Answer: 12 October 1993
Explanation: The NHRC was constituted on 12 October 1993 under the 1993 Act (amended in 2006 and 2019).
840. The Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) was originally raised in 1963 as:
- A. Special Service Bureau
- B. Special Security Brigade
- C. Special Strike Brigade
- D. Seema Suraksha Battalion
Answer: Special Service Bureau
Explanation: SSB was raised after the 1962 war and guards the Indo-Nepal and Indo-Bhutan borders.
841. The CRPF originated in 1939 as:
- A. Imperial Police Reserve
- B. Central Reserve Constabulary
- C. Frontier Police Corps
- D. Crown Representative's Police
Answer: Crown Representative's Police
Explanation: It was raised on 27 July 1939 at Neemuch and renamed CRPF by the CRPF Act 1949.
842. Which is the oldest Central Armed Police Force of India, raised in 1835?
- A. CRPF
- B. ITBP
- C. Assam Rifles
- D. BSF
Answer: Assam Rifles
Explanation: Assam Rifles began as the 'Cachar Levy' in 1835 and is called the 'Friends of the Hill People'.
843. The National Security Guard (NSG) was raised in 1984 in the aftermath of:
- A. Bhopal gas tragedy
- B. Indira Gandhi's assassination
- C. Siachen conflict
- D. Operation Blue Star
Answer: Operation Blue Star
Explanation: NSG, the 'Black Cats', was set up in 1984 after Operation Blue Star; its HQ is in Delhi (Manesar training hub).
844. The National Investigation Agency (NIA) was established in 2008 following which event?
- A. Parliament attack
- B. 26/11 Mumbai attacks
- C. Kandahar hijacking
- D. Akshardham attack
Answer: 26/11 Mumbai attacks
Explanation: The NIA Act 2008 was enacted after the 26 November 2008 Mumbai attacks.
845. The Reserve Bank of India was established on 1 April 1935 under:
- A. Government of India Act, 1919
- B. Companies Act, 1956
- C. RBI Act, 1934
- D. Banking Regulation Act, 1949
Answer: RBI Act, 1934
Explanation: The RBI was nationalised on 1 January 1949; its central office is in Mumbai.
846. Which body replaced the Planning Commission of India on 1 January 2015?
- A. Finance Commission
- B. National Development Council
- C. Economic Advisory Council
- D. NITI Aayog
Answer: NITI Aayog
Explanation: NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is chaired by the Prime Minister.
847. SAARC Secretariat is located at:
- A. Thimphu
- B. Dhaka
- C. Kathmandu
- D. Colombo
Answer: Kathmandu
Explanation: SAARC was established in Dhaka in December 1985; its secretariat has been in Kathmandu since 1987.
848. Where is the secretariat of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) located?
- A. Kuala Lumpur
- B. Bangkok
- C. Singapore
- D. Jakarta
Answer: Jakarta
Explanation: ASEAN was founded in Bangkok on 8 August 1967 but its secretariat is in Jakarta.
849. The New Development Bank set up by the BRICS nations has its headquarters in:
- A. Beijing
- B. Shanghai
- C. Moscow
- D. New Delhi
Answer: Shanghai
Explanation: NDB (2015) is headquartered in Shanghai; the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is in Beijing.
850. The headquarters of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is in:
- A. Paris
- B. Vienna
- C. Geneva
- D. New York
Answer: Vienna
Explanation: IAEA was established in 1957 and is based in Vienna, as is OPEC.
851. Which international organisation has its headquarters at Nairobi and is the UN's environment authority?
- A. UNESCO
- B. UNDP
- C. UNFCCC
- D. UNEP
Answer: UNEP
Explanation: UNEP was established in 1972 after the Stockholm Conference.
852. The International Court of Justice has how many judges?
- A. 12
- B. 21
- C. 15
- D. 9
Answer: 15
Explanation: 15 judges are elected for nine-year terms by the UN General Assembly and Security Council.
853. Which body headquartered at The Hague tries individuals for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity?
- A. International Criminal Court
- B. Permanent Court of Arbitration
- C. International Court of Justice
- D. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
Answer: International Criminal Court
Explanation: The ICC works under the Rome Statute (2002); India is not a party. The ICJ settles disputes between states.
854. Which international body, headquartered in Montreal, regulates civil aviation standards under the Chicago Convention?
- A. IATA
- B. ITU
- C. ICAO
- D. IMO
Answer: ICAO
Explanation: ICAO, a UN specialised agency, is based in Montreal; IATA is an airline trade body also with an office in Montreal but is non-UN.
855. Where is the headquarters of the International Solar Alliance, launched at COP21 in 2015?
- A. Gurugram, India
- B. Paris, France
- C. Abu Dhabi, UAE
- D. New Delhi, India
Answer: Gurugram, India
Explanation: ISA was jointly launched by India and France; its secretariat is at Gurugram, Haryana.
856. Which is the national tree of India?
- A. Peepal
- B. Mango
- C. Neem
- D. Banyan
Answer: Banyan
Explanation: The Indian banyan (Ficus benghalensis) is the national tree; mango is the national fruit.
857. Which national river was declared as such in November 2008?
- A. Narmada
- B. Yamuna
- C. Ganga
- D. Brahmaputra
Answer: Ganga
Explanation: The Ganga was declared the National River on 4 November 2008, along with creation of the National Ganga River Basin Authority.
858. The child sex ratio (0-6 years) in Census 2011 for India was:
- A. 927
- B. 943
- C. 919
- D. 933
Answer: 919
Explanation: It fell from 927 in 2001 to 919 in 2011.
859. Which union territory has the highest literacy rate as per Census 2011 among all states and UTs after Kerala?
- A. Lakshadweep
- B. Mizoram
- C. Goa
- D. Tripura
Answer: Lakshadweep
Explanation: Lakshadweep had 92.28%; Kerala 93.91%; Mizoram 91.58%.
860. The Census of India is conducted under which Act?
- A. Statistics Collection Act, 2008
- B. Representation of the People Act, 1951
- C. Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969
- D. Census Act, 1948
Answer: Census Act, 1948
Explanation: The Census Act 1948 governs the census; it is under the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, MHA.
861. The reference date for the forthcoming Census 2027 (non-snow-bound areas) is:
- A. 1 March 2026
- B. 1 October 2026
- C. 1 March 2027
- D. 1 January 2027
Answer: 1 March 2027
Explanation: Reference date is 00:00 hrs of 1 March 2027 (1 October 2026 for snow-bound areas such as Ladakh, J&K, HP and Uttarakhand).
862. The first synchronous Census of India was conducted in 1881 under which Viceroy?
- A. Lord Lytton
- B. Lord Mayo
- C. Lord Ripon
- D. Lord Curzon
Answer: Lord Ripon
Explanation: The non-synchronous census of 1872 was under Lord Mayo; 1881 under Ripon was the first synchronous one.
863. Census 2011 was the how-manyeth census of India since 1872?
- A. 15th
- B. 16th
- C. 13th
- D. 14th
Answer: 15th
Explanation: It was the 15th national census and the 7th since independence.
864. Which state had the highest population density in Census 2011?
- A. Kerala
- B. West Bengal
- C. Uttar Pradesh
- D. Bihar
Answer: Bihar
Explanation: Bihar had 1,106 persons per sq km in Census 2011; India's density was 382.
865. Which state had the lowest literacy rate (63.82%) in Census 2011?
- A. Bihar
- B. Rajasthan
- C. Jharkhand
- D. Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Bihar
Explanation: Bihar had 63.82%; Kerala led with 93.91%.
866. As per Census 2011, the overall literacy rate of India was:
- A. 70.50%
- B. 65.38%
- C. 74.04%
- D. 79.10%
Answer: 74.04%
Explanation: Male literacy was 82.14% and female 65.46%.
867. Which state recorded the lowest sex ratio (879) in Census 2011?
- A. Delhi
- B. Haryana
- C. Jammu and Kashmir
- D. Punjab
Answer: Haryana
Explanation: Haryana had 879 females per 1,000 males, the lowest among states; Daman and Diu (618) was lowest among UTs.
868. According to Census 2011, India's total population was approximately:
- A. 121.1 crore
- B. 132.4 crore
- C. 110.2 crore
- D. 102.9 crore
Answer: 121.1 crore
Explanation: The provisional/final figure was 1,210,854,977 persons (62.31 crore males and 58.75 crore females).
869. The Indian Rupee symbol (₹) adopted in 2010 was designed by:
- A. Pranab Mukherjee
- B. D. Udaya Kumar
- C. Nandan Nilekani
- D. Raghuram Rajan
Answer: D. Udaya Kumar
Explanation: D. Udaya Kumar's design was chosen in July 2010, combining Devanagari 'र' and Latin 'R'.
870. Which animal was named India's national animal in 1973, replacing the lion?
- A. Leopard
- B. Rhinoceros
- C. Elephant
- D. Tiger
Answer: Tiger
Explanation: Tiger was chosen in 1973, coinciding with launch of Project Tiger on 1 April 1973.
871. India's national aquatic animal, declared in 2009, is:
- A. Saltwater crocodile
- B. Olive ridley turtle
- C. Gharial
- D. Ganges river dolphin
Answer: Ganges river dolphin
Explanation: The Gangetic dolphin (Platanista gangetica) was declared the National Aquatic Animal in October 2009 by the National Ganga River Basin Authority.
872. Which date marks the start of the Indian national calendar (Saka era) year in non-leap years?
- A. 14 April
- B. 21 March
- C. 22 March
- D. 1 January
Answer: 22 March
Explanation: Chaitra 1 falls on 22 March (21 March in leap years); the calendar was adopted on 22 March 1957.
873. 'Vande Mataram' was first sung in a Congress session in 1896 by:
- A. Subramania Bharati
- B. Rabindranath Tagore
- C. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
- D. Sri Aurobindo
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation: Tagore sang it at the 1896 Calcutta session; Bankim wrote it in 1875 and included it in Anandamath (1882).
874. 'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung in public on 27 December 1911 at which event?
- A. Bombay session of the Congress
- B. Brahmo Samaj anniversary at Santiniketan
- C. Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress
- D. Lahore session of the Congress
Answer: Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress
Explanation: It was first sung at the 1911 Calcutta Congress session; Tagore's 'Bharat Bhagya Bidhata' was published in 1912.
875. The national anthem 'Jana Gana Mana' was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on:
- A. 15 August 1947
- B. 26 January 1950
- C. 24 January 1950
- D. 22 July 1947
Answer: 24 January 1950
Explanation: It was adopted on 24 January 1950; the full version plays for about 52 seconds.
876. The width-to-length ratio of the Indian national flag is:
- A. 4:7
- B. 1:2
- C. 2:3
- D. 3:5
Answer: 2:3
Explanation: The Flag Code of India 2002 prescribes a 2:3 ratio.
877. How many spokes does the Ashoka Chakra on the national flag have?
- A. 12
- B. 32
- C. 24
- D. 16
Answer: 24
Explanation: The navy blue chakra has 24 spokes, taken from the Sarnath Lion Capital's wheel.
878. Who designed the Indian national flag, adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 in its present form?
- A. Pingali Venkayya
- B. Annie Besant
- C. Surayya Tyabji
- D. Madam Bhikaji Cama
Answer: Pingali Venkayya
Explanation: Pingali Venkayya designed the original Swaraj flag (1921); the Ashoka Chakra replaced the charkha when the flag was adopted in July 1947.
879. The motto 'Satyameva Jayate' on India's State Emblem is taken from which text?
- A. Mundaka Upanishad
- B. Bhagavad Gita
- C. Katha Upanishad
- D. Rigveda
Answer: Mundaka Upanishad
Explanation: The motto from the Mundaka Upanishad is inscribed in Devanagari below the Lion Capital of Ashoka; the emblem was adopted on 26 January 1950.
880. PM Vishwakarma scheme, launched on 17 September 2023, supports:
- A. Street vendors
- B. Marginal farmers
- C. Traditional artisans and craftspeople
- D. Women self-help groups
Answer: Traditional artisans and craftspeople
Explanation: It provides skill training, toolkit incentive and collateral-free credit to artisans in 18 trades.
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