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1361. Which of the following best explains why Article 343(3) empowers Parliament, by law, to provide for the continued use of English even after the fifteen-year period mentioned in Article 343(2)?
- A. Because Hindi was constitutionally barred from ever becoming sole official language
- B. Because the Supreme Court mandated it in a 1950 judgment
- C. To provide constitutional flexibility to Parliament to extend English usage for specified purposes beyond 1965, which was exercised via the Official Languages Act, 1963 itself
- D. Because Article 343(3) applies only to Jammu and Kashmir
Answer: To provide constitutional flexibility to Parliament to extend English usage for specified purposes beyond 1965, which was exercised via the Official Languages Act, 1963 itself
Explanation: Article 343(3) was a forward-looking enabling provision allowing Parliament to legislate for continued use of English by law after 1965 for specified purposes; this power was exercised through the Official Languages Act, 1963 itself, which pre-emptively ensured English's continuation even before the 15-year period expired.
1362. As per the Official Language Rules, 1976, which category of offices is specifically exempted from certain compulsory Hindi correspondence requirements applicable to Region C?
- A. Railway offices in Region C are fully exempt from using Hindi at all
- B. All Region C offices are completely exempt from the Act
- C. Only private contractors are exempt
- D. None; Region C offices follow a relatively relaxed bilingual regime but are not wholly exempt from the Act's basic requirements
Answer: None; Region C offices follow a relatively relaxed bilingual regime but are not wholly exempt from the Act's basic requirements
Explanation: While Region C offices have comparatively relaxed targets (for example, replying in Hindi only to communications received in Hindi, and bilingual forms/documents under Section 3(3)), no category of Central Government office, including Railways, is wholly exempt from the Official Languages Act, 1963's basic requirements.
1363. Which of the following awards/shields does the Railway Ministry/Railway Board institute to recognise zones/units with outstanding performance in Rajbhasa implementation?
- A. The Bharat Ratna
- B. The Arjuna Award
- C. Rajbhasa Shield/Trophy competitions and cash incentive awards for outstanding Hindi implementation
- D. The Param Vir Chakra
Answer: Rajbhasa Shield/Trophy competitions and cash incentive awards for outstanding Hindi implementation
Explanation: Railways, like other Ministries, institute Rajbhasa Shields/Trophies and cash incentive awards annually to recognise zones, divisions, and individual employees for outstanding implementation of official language policy and original Hindi writing.
1364. Under Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, failure to issue a specified document only in English without the mandatory Hindi version renders that document:
- A. Valid only if later ratified by the Hindi Salahkar Samiti
- B. Still fully valid with no consequence at all
- C. Legally deficient/non-compliant, as the Act mandates simultaneous bilingual issuance for such categories
- D. Automatically void and without any legal effect whatsoever
Answer: Legally deficient/non-compliant, as the Act mandates simultaneous bilingual issuance for such categories
Explanation: Section 3(3) makes bilingual issuance mandatory for specified categories of documents; issuing only in English without the Hindi version is non-compliant with the statutory requirement, though case law on consequential invalidity varies and is distinct from mere administrative lapse.
1365. What is the current total number of languages listed in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution?
- A. 25
- B. 18
- C. 22
- D. 14
Answer: 22
Explanation: Following the 92nd Amendment in 2003 (adding Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali), the Eighth Schedule currently lists 22 languages; several demands for further additions (e.g., Bhojpuri, Rajasthani) remain pending as of the latest status.
1366. Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were added to the Eighth Schedule by which Amendment?
- A. The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003
- B. The Constitution (Sixty-first Amendment) Act, 1989
- C. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
- D. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
Answer: The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
Explanation: The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992 added Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali to the Eighth Schedule, bringing the total from 15 to 18 languages.
1367. Sindhi was added to the Eighth Schedule by which Constitutional Amendment?
- A. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
- B. The Constitution (Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015
- C. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
- D. The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003
Answer: The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
Explanation: Sindhi was added to the Eighth Schedule by the Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967, making it the first addition after the original 14 languages listed in 1950.
1368. How many languages were originally included in the Eighth Schedule at the time the Constitution was adopted in 1950?
- A. 18
- B. 8
- C. 22
- D. 14
Answer: 14
Explanation: The Eighth Schedule originally listed 14 languages in 1950; subsequent constitutional amendments (notably the 21st in 1967 adding Sindhi, the 71st in 1992 adding Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali, and the 92nd in 2003 adding Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali) expanded it to the current 22.
1369. Which Schedule of the Constitution lists the 22 languages officially recognised, including Hindi, which is distinct from being 'the' official language of the Union?
- A. The Seventh Schedule
- B. The Ninth Schedule
- C. The Eighth Schedule
- D. The Third Schedule
Answer: The Eighth Schedule
Explanation: The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution lists 22 languages given official recognition; Hindi is one of these 22, but is separately designated as THE official language of the Union specifically under Article 343, distinct from mere Eighth Schedule recognition.
1370. Which Commission, set up under Article 344(1), is distinct from the Committee of Parliament under Article 344(4) in terms of composition?
- A. The Commission has no Chairman, only the Committee does
- B. They are the same body with no distinction
- C. The Official Language Commission consists of a Chairman and members appointed by the President, while the Committee of Parliament consists of thirty Members of Parliament
- D. The Commission consists only of judges, the Committee only of civil servants
Answer: The Official Language Commission consists of a Chairman and members appointed by the President, while the Committee of Parliament consists of thirty Members of Parliament
Explanation: The Official Language Commission under Article 344(1) is appointed by the President with a Chairman and members representing different languages of the Eighth Schedule, whereas the Committee of Parliament under Article 344(4)/Section 4 of the 1963 Act consists of thirty MPs (20 Lok Sabha, 10 Rajya Sabha) who examine the Commission's recommendations.
1371. Which Institute under the Department of Official Language is primarily responsible for conducting the Hindi Teaching Scheme examinations?
- A. Central Hindi Directorate
- B. Sahitya Akademi
- C. Central Hindi Training Institute (Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan)
- D. National Council of Educational Research and Training
Answer: Central Hindi Training Institute (Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan)
Explanation: The Central Hindi Training Institute (Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan), under the Department of Official Language, conducts the Prabodh, Praveen, and Pragya examinations for Central Government employees including Railway staff.
1372. Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages of the Hindi Teaching Scheme run by the Central Hindi Training Institute?
- A. Shiksha
- B. Praveen
- C. Prabodh
- D. Pragya
Answer: Shiksha
Explanation: The Hindi Teaching Scheme has exactly three stages — Prabodh (elementary), Praveen (intermediate), and Pragya (advanced, matriculation-equivalent). 'Shiksha' is not a recognised stage under this scheme.
1373. On which date is Hindi Day (Hindi Diwas) observed annually, and why?
- A. 15 August, Independence Day
- B. 26 January, Republic Day
- C. 14 September, commemorating the Constituent Assembly's 1949 decision adopting Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union
- D. 2 October, Gandhi Jayanti
Answer: 14 September, commemorating the Constituent Assembly's 1949 decision adopting Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union
Explanation: Hindi Diwas is celebrated on 14 September to commemorate the day in 1949 when the Constituent Assembly of India adopted Hindi written in Devanagari script as the official language of the Union, which later became Article 343.
1374. Which of the following best describes the purpose of 'Hindi Pakhwada' (Hindi Fortnight) observed annually by Central Government offices including Railways?
- A. A fortnight when only English is to be used in all offices
- B. A legal requirement to suspend all Hindi correspondence temporarily
- C. A fortnight-long observance (around 14-28 September, Hindi Day being 14 September) to promote awareness, competitions, and renewed commitment to using Hindi in official work
- D. An annual recruitment drive for Hindi teachers
Answer: A fortnight-long observance (around 14-28 September, Hindi Day being 14 September) to promote awareness, competitions, and renewed commitment to using Hindi in official work
Explanation: Hindi Pakhwada is observed around Hindi Day (14 September, commemorating the 1949 Constituent Assembly's adoption of Hindi in Devanagari as the official language) with competitions, workshops, and award ceremonies to promote the progressive use of Hindi in official work.
1375. Which committee/body annually issues the 'Annual Programme' setting targets for correspondence, noting, and training in Hindi for Central Government offices, including Railways?
- A. The Union Public Service Commission
- B. The Comptroller and Auditor General
- C. The Railway Board independently, without reference to the Department of Official Language
- D. The Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: The Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs, issues the Annual Programme every year, setting quantitative targets for Hindi correspondence, noting/drafting, training coverage, and other implementation parameters that Railways and other Ministries must follow.
1376. In which year was the Department of Official Language established as a separate department under the Ministry of Home Affairs?
- A. 1986
- B. 1950
- C. 1963
- D. 1975
Answer: 1975
Explanation: The Department of Official Language was set up in June 1975 with the specific mandate of implementing the constitutional and statutory provisions relating to the official language, and preparing the annual programme for its use.
1377. The Department of Official Language (Rajbhasa Vibhag) functions under which Ministry of the Government of India?
- A. Ministry of Human Resource Development/Education
- B. Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
- C. Ministry of Home Affairs
- D. Ministry of Culture
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Explanation: The Department of Official Language was created in June 1975 and functions as a department of the Ministry of Home Affairs, coordinating and overseeing implementation of Hindi as official language across the Union.
1378. Under Article 344(1), the President is required to constitute the Official Language Commission within how many years from the commencement of the Constitution?
- A. Fifteen years
- B. Five years
- C. Ten years
- D. Two years
Answer: Five years
Explanation: Article 344(1) requires the President to constitute a Commission at the expiration of five years from the commencement of the Constitution, and thereafter at the expiration of ten years, to make recommendations on the progressive use of Hindi.
1379. What triggered the major anti-Hindi agitation in Tamil Nadu in 1965, directly influencing the Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967?
- A. A proposal to rename the state of Madras
- B. A dispute over river water sharing
- C. The introduction of a new national anthem
- D. Apprehension that Hindi would become the sole official language replacing English on 26 January 1965, as per the original Article 343 timeline
Answer: Apprehension that Hindi would become the sole official language replacing English on 26 January 1965, as per the original Article 343 timeline
Explanation: Article 343(2) originally provided for English to continue for 15 years from the commencement of the Constitution, i.e., until 25 January 1965, after which Hindi alone was to become official; fear of this transition sparked large-scale agitation in Tamil Nadu, leading to the 1967 Amendment Act's assurance of indefinite bilingual use.
1380. The Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967 was significant because it:
- A. Abolished the Eighth Schedule
- B. Removed English entirely from Supreme Court proceedings
- C. Made Hindi the sole official language immediately
- D. Provided for the continued use of English alongside Hindi for official purposes of the Union indefinitely, until a resolution to the contrary is passed by all non-Hindi-speaking State legislatures and Parliament
Answer: Provided for the continued use of English alongside Hindi for official purposes of the Union indefinitely, until a resolution to the contrary is passed by all non-Hindi-speaking State legislatures and Parliament
Explanation: The Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967, inserted Section 3 provisions ensuring English continues as an associate official language alongside Hindi indefinitely, until all non-Hindi-speaking States' legislatures and both Houses of Parliament resolve otherwise, addressing the 1965 anti-Hindi agitation.
1381. As per the Official Languages Act, 1963, rules made under Section 8 must be laid before Parliament. What is the procedure prescribed?
- A. Rules need not be laid before Parliament at all
- B. Every rule must be laid before each House of Parliament while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days, and is subject to modification or annulment
- C. Only the Lok Sabha needs to approve the rules
- D. Rules automatically lapse after one year regardless of Parliamentary action
Answer: Every rule must be laid before each House of Parliament while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days, and is subject to modification or annulment
Explanation: Section 8(2) requires every rule made under the Act to be laid before each House of Parliament for a total period of thirty days, during which both Houses may agree to make modifications or annul the rule.
1382. Which authority is empowered under Section 8 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 to make rules for carrying out the purposes of the Act?
- A. The Central Government
- B. The Supreme Court of India
- C. The Election Commission of India
- D. Each State Legislature individually
Answer: The Central Government
Explanation: Section 8 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 empowers the Central Government to make rules for carrying out the purposes of the Act, which culminated in the Official Language Rules, 1976.
1383. What distinguishes 'working knowledge of Hindi' from 'proficiency in Hindi' under the Official Language Rules, 1976?
- A. Proficiency applies only to Region C employees
- B. Working knowledge is a lesser standard sufficient for understanding and basic communication, while proficiency denotes a higher, certified competence to conduct official work entirely in Hindi
- C. They are legally identical terms with no distinction
- D. Working knowledge refers only to spoken Hindi, proficiency only to written Hindi
Answer: Working knowledge is a lesser standard sufficient for understanding and basic communication, while proficiency denotes a higher, certified competence to conduct official work entirely in Hindi
Explanation: 'Working knowledge of Hindi' under the Rules denotes a basic level sufficient to understand and transact routine official business, whereas 'proficiency in Hindi' is a certified higher competence enabling an employee to perform official work entirely in Hindi, relevant for determining obligations under Section 3(4).
1384. The term 'Rajbhasa Karyanvayan Samiti' (Official Language Implementation Committee) at the departmental/zonal level in Railways is primarily tasked with:
- A. Approving the annual railway budget
- B. Recruiting Group A officers
- C. Fixing freight tariffs
- D. Periodically reviewing progress of Hindi implementation within the department/zone and suggesting corrective measures
Answer: Periodically reviewing progress of Hindi implementation within the department/zone and suggesting corrective measures
Explanation: Rajbhasa Karyanvayan Samitis function at various administrative levels (zonal, divisional, workshop) in Railways to periodically review the progress of Hindi implementation and recommend corrective actions to improve compliance.
1385. What is the primary function of a Town Official Language Implementation Committee (TOLIC)?
- A. To appoint Hindi Officers in private companies
- B. To conduct judicial proceedings in Hindi
- C. To draft new central legislation on language policy
- D. To coordinate and review progress in the use of Hindi among all Central Government offices/PSUs/banks located in a particular town
Answer: To coordinate and review progress in the use of Hindi among all Central Government offices/PSUs/banks located in a particular town
Explanation: A TOLIC is formed in towns having a sufficient number of Central Government offices/undertakings to coordinate, review, and promote the implementation of official language policy collectively across those offices located in that town.
1386. Article 347 empowers the President to direct recognition of a language spoken by a substantial proportion of a State's population. This recognition is for what purpose?
- A. To make it the sole official language of India
- B. To grant it Eighth Schedule status automatically
- C. Official recognition throughout that State or any part thereof for such purpose as the President may specify
- D. To replace English in Supreme Court proceedings
Answer: Official recognition throughout that State or any part thereof for such purpose as the President may specify
Explanation: Article 347 allows the President, on being satisfied that a substantial proportion of a State's population desires the use of a language spoken by them to be recognised, to direct that such language shall also be officially recognised throughout the State or part of it for a specified purpose.
1387. Which Article directs the Union to promote the spread of Hindi so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all elements of the composite culture of India?
- A. Article 347
- B. Article 351
- C. Article 350A
- D. Article 343
Answer: Article 351
Explanation: Article 351 directs the Union to promote the spread of Hindi and to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India, by drawing vocabulary primarily from Sanskrit and secondarily from other languages.
1388. Article 350 of the Constitution confers which right in relation to a representation for redress of grievances?
- A. The right to form linguistic associations
- B. The right to free education
- C. The right of every person to submit a representation for redress of grievance in any language used in the Union or State, as the case may be
- D. The right to appeal to the Supreme Court directly
Answer: The right of every person to submit a representation for redress of grievance in any language used in the Union or State, as the case may be
Explanation: Article 350 guarantees every person the right to submit a representation for redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the Union or a State in any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be.
1389. Article 350A of the Constitution places a special obligation on States and local authorities concerning what facility for linguistic minorities?
- A. Providing free legal aid in the mother tongue
- B. Providing facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education
- C. Establishing separate universities for each language
- D. Reserving government jobs for linguistic minorities
Answer: Providing facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education
Explanation: Article 350A casts a duty on every State and local authority to endeavour to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to linguistic minority groups.
1390. Which Article of the Constitution deals specifically with the language to be used in Bills, Acts, Ordinances, Orders, Rules, Regulations and By-laws?
- A. Article 351
- B. Article 350A
- C. Article 348(1)(b)
- D. Article 345
Answer: Article 348(1)(b)
Explanation: Article 348(1)(b) mandates that the authoritative texts of all Bills, Acts, Ordinances, Orders, Rules, Regulations and By-laws at the Union and State level shall be in the English language, unless Parliament otherwise provides.
1391. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language submits its reports to whom, as per Article 344(5)?
- A. The Chief Justice of India
- B. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha only
- C. The President, who causes it to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to State Governments
- D. The Prime Minister only
Answer: The President, who causes it to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to State Governments
Explanation: Article 344(5) requires the Committee to submit its report to the President, who shall cause it to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to all State Governments under Article 344(5)/(6).
1392. Railway zones conduct periodic Rajbhasa inspections of divisions and units primarily to assess compliance with which framework?
- A. Only internal zonal commercial targets
- B. Only RTI Act compliance
- C. The Official Languages Act, 1963 and Official Language Rules, 1976, and Annual Programme targets issued by the Department of Official Language
- D. Only the Railways Act, 1989
Answer: The Official Languages Act, 1963 and Official Language Rules, 1976, and Annual Programme targets issued by the Department of Official Language
Explanation: Rajbhasa inspections assess compliance with the Official Languages Act, 1963, the Official Language Rules, 1976, and the Annual Programme targets (on correspondence, noting, training, etc.) issued every year by the Department of Official Language, Ministry of Home Affairs.
1393. Which incentive scheme encourages Central Government employees to write original books/literature in Hindi on technical/scientific subjects?
- A. The Hindi Teaching Scheme
- B. Incentive Scheme for Original Book Writing in Hindi on technical/scientific subjects run by the Department of Official Language
- C. The Official Language Inspection Scheme
- D. The Town Official Language Implementation Committee Scheme
Answer: Incentive Scheme for Original Book Writing in Hindi on technical/scientific subjects run by the Department of Official Language
Explanation: The Department of Official Language runs an incentive scheme that gives cash awards to Central Government/PSU employees for writing original books on technical or scientific subjects in Hindi, to enrich Hindi technical literature.
1394. The 'Prabodh' stage of the Hindi Teaching Scheme is intended for employees with what level of prior Hindi knowledge?
- A. Employees with little or no prior knowledge of Hindi
- B. Employees who already have matriculation-level Hindi
- C. Only employees from Region A
- D. Only gazetted officers
Answer: Employees with little or no prior knowledge of Hindi
Explanation: Prabodh is the elementary/foundational stage of the three-tier Hindi Teaching Scheme (Prabodh-Praveen-Pragya), designed for non-Hindi-knowing employees starting from scratch.
1395. Region C under the Official Language Rules, 1976 comprises all States and Union Territories NOT included in Region A or B. Which of these falls under Region C?
- A. Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
- B. Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Odisha, and the north-eastern states
- C. Delhi and Himachal Pradesh
- D. Haryana and Rajasthan
Answer: Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Odisha, and the north-eastern states
Explanation: Region C includes all remaining States/UTs such as Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana, and the north-eastern states, where correspondence is predominantly in English with optional Hindi.
1396. Which of the following is classified under 'Region B' as per the Official Language Rules, 1976?
- A. Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh
- B. West Bengal and Assam
- C. Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
- D. Tamil Nadu and Kerala
Answer: Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh
Explanation: Region B comprises Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and the Union Territory of Chandigarh — states with significant Hindi proficiency but not part of the core Hindi belt.
1397. Which of the following correctly lists the states/UTs classified under 'Region A' as per the Official Language Rules, 1976?
- A. West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Tripura
- B. Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi
- C. Punjab, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Chandigarh
- D. Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Delhi
Explanation: Region A under the Official Language Rules, 1976 comprises Bihar, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and the Union Territory of Delhi — the core Hindi-speaking belt.
1398. The Committee of Parliament on Official Language was constituted under Section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 with how many members, and in what proportion from the two Houses?
- A. 15 members, all from Lok Sabha
- B. 40 members, 30 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha
- C. 20 members, 10 from each House
- D. 30 members, 20 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha
Answer: 30 members, 20 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha
Explanation: Section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 provides for a Committee on Official Language consisting of thirty members, twenty from the Lok Sabha and ten from the Rajya Sabha, elected according to the system of proportional representation by means of a single transferable vote.
1399. As per Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963, which of the following documents MUST be issued in both Hindi and English without exception?
- A. Only cabinet minutes
- B. Only personal letters of officers
- C. Only internal office noting
- D. Resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative/other reports, press communiques
Answer: Resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative/other reports, press communiques
Explanation: Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 makes it mandatory that specified categories of documents — resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative and other reports, press communiques, contracts, agreements, licences, permits, tender notices and forms — be issued in both Hindi and English.
1400. Under the Official Language Rules, 1976, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana, and the north-eastern states are classified under:
- A. Region A
- B. These states are entirely outside the Rules' scope
- C. Region B
- D. Region C
Answer: Region C
Explanation: All states and Union Territories not falling within Region A or Region B are classified as Region C, which includes the southern states (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh/Telangana) and the north-eastern states, where correspondence in English predominates with Hindi use being gradually encouraged.
1401. Delhi, as the national capital, is classified under which region of the Official Language Rules, 1976?
- A. Delhi is exempt from the region classification scheme entirely
- B. Region C
- C. Region B
- D. Region A
Answer: Region A
Explanation: Delhi is classified as part of Region A, along with the Hindi-speaking belt states such as Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh, given its status as the seat of the Union Government where Hindi usage requirements are most intensive.
1402. The original Official Language Act, 1963, as enacted (before the 1967 Amendment), provided that English 'may' continue to be used in addition to Hindi for official purposes after 26 January 1965. The 1967 Amendment changed 'may' to which stronger term in relevant respects?
- A. 'Shall' — making continuance of English in addition to Hindi obligatory rather than merely permissive
- B. The word 'English' itself was deleted entirely
- C. No change in wording was made by the 1967 Amendment
- D. The word was changed from 'may' to 'might', a purely stylistic change with no legal effect
Answer: 'Shall' — making continuance of English in addition to Hindi obligatory rather than merely permissive
Explanation: The 1967 Amendment changed Section 3's permissive 'may' to the mandatory 'shall' regarding continued use of English in addition to Hindi, converting a discretionary provision into a binding statutory guarantee, directly responding to the non-Hindi-speaking states' apprehensions after the 1965 agitation.
1403. Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes Article 29 from Article 350A regarding language rights?
- A. Article 29 deals only with religious minorities, while Article 350A deals only with linguistic majorities
- B. Article 350A is a fundamental right enforceable in the Supreme Court, while Article 29 is merely directory
- C. Both Articles are identical in content and effect
- D. Article 29(1) is a fundamental right of any section of citizens to conserve their distinct language, script or culture, whereas Article 350A is a directive-type duty on States to provide primary education facilities in the mother tongue for linguistic minorities
Answer: Article 29(1) is a fundamental right of any section of citizens to conserve their distinct language, script or culture, whereas Article 350A is a directive-type duty on States to provide primary education facilities in the mother tongue for linguistic minorities
Explanation: Article 29(1), a Fundamental Right under Part III, protects any section of citizens' right to conserve their distinct language, script or culture and is enforceable under Article 32. Article 350A, in Part XVII, imposes a non-fundamental-right duty on States/local authorities to endeavour to provide mother-tongue primary education facilities for linguistic minorities.
1404. Article 210, the State Legislature counterpart of Article 120, permits business in a State Legislature to be transacted in the official language(s) of the State, or in Hindi, or in English, with a similar discretionary allowance for a member to use his mother tongue, subject to:
- A. The discretion of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or Chairman of the Legislative Council (or person acting as such)
- B. A binding referendum of the State's electorate
- C. Only the unanimous consent of the entire House
- D. Prior approval of the Union Cabinet
Answer: The discretion of the Speaker of the Legislative Assembly or Chairman of the Legislative Council (or person acting as such)
Explanation: Article 210, mirroring Article 120 at the State level, vests discretion in the Speaker/Chairman (or person so acting) to permit a member unable to adequately express himself in the State's official language(s), Hindi or English to address the House in his mother tongue.
1405. Article 120(1) permits business in Parliament to be transacted in Hindi or in English, provided that the Chairman of the Council of States or Speaker of the House of the People, or person acting as such, may permit a member who cannot adequately express himself in either language to address the House in:
- A. His mother tongue
- B. No other language is ever permitted under any circumstance
- C. Only a foreign language of his choice
- D. Only Sanskrit
Answer: His mother tongue
Explanation: Article 120(1) provides that while Parliamentary business is ordinarily conducted in Hindi or English, the presiding officer has discretion to permit a member unable to adequately express himself in either language to address the House in his mother tongue, accommodating India's linguistic diversity even at the national legislative level.
1406. Article 394A, inserted by the Constitution (Fifty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1987, requires the President to cause to be published:
- A. An audio recording of the Constituent Assembly debates in Hindi
- B. A translation of the Constitution in the Hindi language, signed by the members of the Constituent Assembly, with such translation to be construed as having the same meaning as the original, and provision for Hindi translations of future amendments
- C. An annual report on literacy rates across India
- D. A translation of the Constitution into every Eighth Schedule language
Answer: A translation of the Constitution in the Hindi language, signed by the members of the Constituent Assembly, with such translation to be construed as having the same meaning as the original, and provision for Hindi translations of future amendments
Explanation: Article 394A, inserted in 1987, mandates the President to cause publication of an authoritative Hindi translation of the Constitution as originally adopted and as subsequently amended, with such translation (once published) construed to have the same meaning as the English original in case of difficulty, and every future amendment similarly translated.
1407. Which Chapter of Part XVII, 'Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, etc.', comprises Articles 348 and 349?
- A. Chapter III
- B. Chapter IV
- C. Chapter II
- D. Chapter I
Answer: Chapter III
Explanation: Chapter III of Part XVII, titled 'Language of the Supreme Court, High Courts, etc.', comprises Article 348 (language for the Supreme Court, High Courts, Acts, Bills) and Article 349 (special procedure for enactment of certain laws relating to language).
1408. Which Chapter of Part XVII of the Constitution is titled 'Language of the Union' and comprises Articles 343 and 344?
- A. Chapter III
- B. Chapter II
- C. Chapter IV
- D. Chapter I
Answer: Chapter I
Explanation: Chapter I of Part XVII, titled 'Language of the Union', comprises Article 343 (official language of the Union) and Article 344 (Commission and Committee of Parliament on Official Language) — the foundational two Articles of the entire Part.
1409. Chapter IV of Part XVII of the Constitution, the final chapter in this Part, is titled and covers which subject matter?
- A. 'Language of the Union', covering Articles 343-344
- B. 'Language of the Supreme Court and High Courts', covering Articles 348-349
- C. 'Special Directives', covering Articles 350, 350A, 350B and 351
- D. 'Regional Languages', covering Articles 345-347
Answer: 'Special Directives', covering Articles 350, 350A, 350B and 351
Explanation: Chapter IV of Part XVII, titled 'Special Directives', is the final chapter and covers the grievance-redress right (Article 350), minority-education duty (Article 350A), the Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities (Article 350B), and the directive on Hindi's development (Article 351).
1410. Part XVII of the Constitution ('Official Language') is organised into four Chapters. Chapter II, titled 'Regional Languages', comprises which Article(s)?
- A. Articles 348 and 349
- B. Articles 350, 350A, 350B and 351
- C. Articles 343 and 344
- D. Articles 345, 346 and 347
Answer: Articles 345, 346 and 347
Explanation: Chapter II of Part XVII, 'Regional Languages', comprises Articles 345 (official language of a State), 346 (official language for inter-State/Union communication) and 347 (special provision for a linguistic minority within a State).
1411. Article 350B(1) charges the Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities with the duty to investigate all matters relating to the safeguards provided for linguistic minorities under the Constitution and to:
- A. Directly dismiss errant government officials without inquiry
- B. Issue binding judicial orders enforceable like a High Court decree
- C. Report to the President upon such matters at such intervals as the President may direct, and the President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to State Governments
- D. Draft new constitutional amendments independently
Answer: Report to the President upon such matters at such intervals as the President may direct, and the President shall cause all such reports to be laid before each House of Parliament and sent to State Governments
Explanation: Article 350B(1)-(2) requires the Special Officer to investigate matters relating to safeguards for linguistic minorities and report to the President at such intervals as directed, with the President laying such reports before Parliament and forwarding them to concerned State Governments — an advisory/reporting function, not a judicial or executive enforcement power.
1412. Article 348(1)(b) requires the authoritative text of which of the following to be in English, until Parliament provides otherwise?
- A. Only newspaper editorials
- B. Only school textbooks
- C. All Bills introduced or amendments moved in Parliament or a State Legislature, and all Acts, Ordinances, and orders/rules/regulations/bye-laws issued under the Constitution or any law made by Parliament or a State Legislature
- D. Only private letters between citizens
Answer: All Bills introduced or amendments moved in Parliament or a State Legislature, and all Acts, Ordinances, and orders/rules/regulations/bye-laws issued under the Constitution or any law made by Parliament or a State Legislature
Explanation: Article 348(1)(b) requires that the authoritative texts of Bills, amendments, Acts, Ordinances, and all orders, rules, regulations and bye-laws made under the Constitution or any Central/State law be in the English language, until Parliament by law provides otherwise.
1413. Article 347 empowers the President, on a demand being made, to direct that a language spoken by a substantial proportion of the population of a State shall also be officially recognised for what purpose?
- A. Such purpose, throughout that State or any part thereof, as he may specify
- B. Only for broadcasting on All India Radio
- C. Only for use in that State's judiciary
- D. Only for printing currency notes
Answer: Such purpose, throughout that State or any part thereof, as he may specify
Explanation: Article 347 allows the President, if satisfied that a substantial proportion of a State's population desires the use of a language spoken by them to be officially recognised, to direct that such language shall also be officially recognised throughout the State or part thereof, for such purpose as specified.
1414. Article 345 empowers a State Legislature to adopt, by law, any one or more of the languages in use in the State, or Hindi, for use for all or any of the official purposes of that State, subject to the provisions of:
- A. Article 351
- B. Article 352
- C. Article 348
- D. Article 346
Answer: Article 346
Explanation: Article 345's power to adopt a State's official language is expressly made subject to the provisions of Article 346, which governs the official language for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union, until Parliament provides otherwise.
1415. Under Article 344(6), after considering the report of the Parliamentary Committee, the President may issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of that report. Such directions are issued regarding:
- A. The language to be used for all or any of the official purposes of the Union or a State
- B. The reservation policy in private sector employment
- C. The appointment of Supreme Court judges
- D. The budget allocation for defence
Answer: The language to be used for all or any of the official purposes of the Union or a State
Explanation: Article 344(6) empowers the President, after considering the Parliamentary Committee's report, to issue directions in accordance with the whole or any part of it regarding the language to be used for all or any official purposes of the Union or a State, giving binding force to the recommendations.
1416. Under Article 344(3), in making recommendations under Article 344(2), the Commission is required to have due regard to the industrial, cultural and scientific advancement of India, and the just claims and interests of persons belonging to:
- A. Only Members of Parliament
- B. Only Central Government employees above a certain pay grade
- C. Only foreign nationals residing in India
- D. The non-Hindi-speaking areas, in regard to the services
Answer: The non-Hindi-speaking areas, in regard to the services
Explanation: Article 344(3) obliges the Commission to balance the promotion of Hindi against India's industrial, cultural and scientific advancement and the just claims and interests of persons belonging to non-Hindi-speaking areas in regard to public services, protecting such persons from being disadvantaged by the shift to Hindi.
1417. Article 344(2)(e) requires the Official Language Commission to make recommendations regarding any other matter referred to it by the President relating to:
- A. The management of foreign exchange reserves
- B. The delimitation of parliamentary constituencies
- C. The official language of the Union and the language for communication between the Union and a State or between one State and another
- D. The appointment of judges to the Supreme Court
Answer: The official language of the Union and the language for communication between the Union and a State or between one State and another
Explanation: Article 344(2)(e) is a residuary clause allowing the President to refer any other matter relating to the official language of the Union and the language for inter-governmental communication to the Commission for its recommendations, giving flexibility to the Commission's terms of reference.
1418. Under Article 344(2)(b), the Commission makes recommendations on restrictions on the use of English for which purposes?
- A. International sporting events only
- B. Private business communications only
- C. Non-governmental cultural festivals only
- D. All or any of the official purposes of the Union
Answer: All or any of the official purposes of the Union
Explanation: Article 344(2)(b) requires the Commission to recommend restrictions on the use of the English language for all or any of the official purposes of the Union, working hand-in-hand with clause (a)'s positive mandate on progressive Hindi use.
1419. Under Article 344(2)(a), the Official Language Commission makes recommendations to the President regarding the progressive use of Hindi for the official purposes of:
- A. Only foreign embassies in India
- B. Only private corporations
- C. Only the judiciary
- D. The Union
Answer: The Union
Explanation: Article 344(2)(a) directs the Commission to make recommendations on the progressive use of Hindi for the official purposes of the Union, which forms the core mandate guiding subsequent legislative and executive action including the Official Languages Act, 1963.
1420. The Official Languages (Amendment) Act, 1967 introduced the requirement of a resolution by both Houses of Parliament for discontinuing the use of English, thereby giving English a degree of:
- A. Use restricted exclusively to international diplomacy
- B. Indefinite/permanent continuation as an associate official language, unless a resolution of both Houses decides otherwise
- C. Complete abolition with immediate effect
- D. Only ceremonial use in Supreme Court proceedings
Answer: Indefinite/permanent continuation as an associate official language, unless a resolution of both Houses decides otherwise
Explanation: The 1967 Amendment added a proviso requiring that English could only be discontinued by a resolution passed by the Legislature of every State that had not adopted Hindi as its official language, and by each House of Parliament — effectively ensuring the continued/indefinite use of English until such a near-impossible consensus is achieved.
1421. The anti-Hindi agitation of 1965 in Tamil Nadu is most directly linked to the expiry of which transitional period under the Constitution?
- A. The 10-year period for the first Official Language Commission under Article 344(1)
- B. The 25-year period for state reorganisation
- C. The 5-year period for the first Finance Commission
- D. The 15-year period under Article 343(2) after which English's constitutional guarantee as an additional official language was due to lapse
Answer: The 15-year period under Article 343(2) after which English's constitutional guarantee as an additional official language was due to lapse
Explanation: The 1965 agitation erupted as the 15-year transitional period under Article 343(2) was expiring (26 January 1965), fuelling apprehension in non-Hindi-speaking states, particularly Tamil Nadu, that Hindi would become the sole official language with English withdrawn, prompting Parliament to pass the Official Languages Act, 1963 (anticipatorily) and later strengthen assurances via the 1967 Amendment.
1422. The Official Language Resolution, 1968 inter alia resolved that for the purpose of recruitment to Union services, a candidate should have knowledge of:
- A. Only the regional language of the recruit's home state
- B. No language requirement whatsoever was discussed in the 1968 Resolution
- C. Only Sanskrit, as a mandatory recruitment criterion
- D. Hindi or English, with suitable arrangements for Hindi training after recruitment where required
Answer: Hindi or English, with suitable arrangements for Hindi training after recruitment where required
Explanation: The 1968 Resolution addressed recruitment language requirements and training arrangements, reaffirming the policy of progressive use of Hindi alongside continuing English, with provision for in-service Hindi training for those not already proficient.
1423. 'Vishwa Hindi Diwas' (World Hindi Day) is observed internationally on which date, commemorating the first World Hindi Conference held in 1975?
- A. 14 September
- B. 26 January
- C. 10 January
- D. 21 February
Answer: 10 January
Explanation: Vishwa Hindi Diwas is observed on 10 January each year, marking the anniversary of the first World Hindi Conference held in Nagpur on 10 January 1975, distinct from the domestic 14 September Hindi Diwas.
1424. The Munshi-Ayyangar formula, which broke the Constituent Assembly deadlock on the language question, is primarily associated with the compromise over:
- A. The 15-year transitional continuation of English alongside Hindi as official language, combined with the Devanagari-script, international-numeral formulation
- B. Making Sanskrit the sole official language of India
- C. The complete abolition of English from day one of the Constitution's commencement
- D. Giving each state the power to secede over language disputes
Answer: The 15-year transitional continuation of English alongside Hindi as official language, combined with the Devanagari-script, international-numeral formulation
Explanation: The Munshi-Ayyangar formula resolved the deadlock by providing Hindi in Devanagari script as the official language, with international numerals, while allowing English to continue for 15 years (extendable by Parliament), balancing Hindi-proponents and non-Hindi-speaking members' concerns.
1425. Which of the following languages, despite being spoken by a large population and having a rich literary tradition, is NOT currently included in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution?
- A. Assamese
- B. Odia
- C. Bhojpuri
- D. Sanskrit
Answer: Bhojpuri
Explanation: Bhojpuri, despite being spoken by a very large population across eastern UP, Bihar and the diaspora, remains outside the Eighth Schedule despite long-standing demands for its inclusion, unlike Odia, Assamese and Sanskrit which are all scheduled languages.
1426. In the original Constitution of 1950, how many languages were listed in the Eighth Schedule?
- A. 18
- B. 14
- C. 22
- D. 8
Answer: 14
Explanation: The original Eighth Schedule in 1950 listed 14 languages; the number has since grown to 22 through successive constitutional amendments (1967 Sindhi; 1992 Konkani, Manipuri, Nepali; 2003 Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali).
1427. Which Constitutional Amendment Act added Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule, making it the 15th scheduled language?
- A. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
- B. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
- C. The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003
- D. The Constitution (Forty-second Amendment) Act, 1976
Answer: The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
Explanation: The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967 added Sindhi to the Eighth Schedule, making it the 15th language — the original Eighth Schedule in 1950 had 14 languages.
1428. The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution was most recently expanded to its current count of languages by which Constitutional Amendment, which added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali?
- A. The Constitution (Hundred and First Amendment) Act, 2016
- B. The Constitution (Seventy-first Amendment) Act, 1992
- C. The Constitution (Twenty-first Amendment) Act, 1967
- D. The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003
Answer: The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003
Explanation: The Constitution (Ninety-second Amendment) Act, 2003 added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili and Santhali to the Eighth Schedule, bringing the total number of scheduled languages to 22; the Seventy-first Amendment, 1992 had earlier added Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali.
1429. The phrase 'composite culture of India' appears in the text of which Article of the Constitution?
- A. Article 351
- B. Article 29
- C. Article 335
- D. Article 51A
Answer: Article 351
Explanation: Article 351 explicitly uses the phrase 'composite culture of India' in directing the Union to promote Hindi as a medium of expression for all its elements, embedding a pluralistic vision even within the Hindi-promotion directive.
1430. Article 351 directs the Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all elements of the composite culture of India by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, primarily on the vocabulary of:
- A. Only English and other foreign languages
- B. Only Sanskrit, excluding all other Indian languages
- C. Only Persian and Arabic
- D. Hindustani and other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and secondarily Sanskrit
Answer: Hindustani and other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and secondarily Sanskrit
Explanation: Article 351 directs the Union to secure Hindi's enrichment by assimilating forms, style and expressions from Hindustani and other languages of India specified in the Eighth Schedule, and by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.
1431. Article 350A was inserted into the Constitution by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, in which year?
- A. 1963
- B. 1956
- C. 1976
- D. 1967
Answer: 1956
Explanation: Article 350A was introduced by the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, the same amendment that substantially reorganised the States on linguistic lines, reflecting the close historical link between state reorganisation and minority language protection.
1432. Article 350A casts a duty on every State and every local authority within the State to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage of education to children belonging to:
- A. Linguistic minority groups
- B. Only children whose parents are government officials
- C. Only children of Central Government employees
- D. Only children residing in Region A states
Answer: Linguistic minority groups
Explanation: Article 350A specifically targets linguistic minority groups, requiring the State and local authorities to endeavour to provide adequate facilities for instruction in the mother tongue at the primary stage, and empowers the President to issue necessary directions to any State for securing this.
1433. Article 350 of the Constitution guarantees every person the right to submit a representation for the redress of any grievance to any officer or authority of the Union or a State in:
- A. Any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be
- B. Only Hindi, regardless of the state
- C. Only Sanskrit as the classical language of the Union
- D. Only English in every case
Answer: Any of the languages used in the Union or in the State, as the case may be
Explanation: Article 350 confers on every person the right to submit a representation for redress of grievance in any of the languages used in the Union or the State, ensuring linguistic access to administrative remedies regardless of the official language of that jurisdiction.
1434. Under Article 349, during the period of 15 years from the commencement of the Constitution, no Bill or amendment introducing provisions relating to language mentioned in Article 348 could be moved in Parliament without the previous sanction of:
- A. The President
- B. The Prime Minister alone
- C. The Chief Justice of India
- D. The Speaker of the Lok Sabha alone
Answer: The President
Explanation: Article 349 required that during the 15-year transitional period, any Bill or amendment seeking to make provisions regarding the language to be used for purposes mentioned in Article 348(1) required the previous sanction of the President, who first had to have regard to the recommendations of the Official Language Commission/Parliamentary Committee.
1435. Which of the following accurately distinguishes 'Region A' from 'Region B' under the Official Language Rules, 1976 in terms of the degree of Hindi usage mandated?
- A. There is no practical difference between Region A and Region B requirements
- B. Region B has stricter Hindi requirements than Region A
- C. Only Region C offices are required to use any Hindi at all
- D. Region A offices use Hindi as the predominant working language with near-total Hindi correspondence expected, while Region B offices use Hindi more incrementally alongside continuing substantial English use
Answer: Region A offices use Hindi as the predominant working language with near-total Hindi correspondence expected, while Region B offices use Hindi more incrementally alongside continuing substantial English use
Explanation: Region A states (Hindi-speaking belt) have the most intensive Hindi usage requirements, Region B states (where Hindi has substantial presence but is not the sole dominant language) have a graduated/incremental approach, and Region C (remaining states/UTs) has the most limited mandatory Hindi correspondence requirements, reflecting the varying linguistic realities across India.
1436. The composition of the Committee of Parliament on Official Language under Section 4 of the Official Languages Act, 1963 broadly mirrors the composition prescribed for the Parliamentary Committee under which constitutional Article?
- A. Article 169
- B. Article 344(4)
- C. Article 312
- D. Article 280
Answer: Article 344(4)
Explanation: Section 4 of the 1963 Act establishes the Committee of Parliament on Official Language with a composition (30 members, 20 from Lok Sabha and 10 from Rajya Sabha) consistent with the scheme contemplated for the Parliamentary Committee under Article 344(4), ensuring statutory and constitutional mechanisms work in tandem.
1437. Which of the following documents is NOT among the categories explicitly listed in Section 3(3) of the Official Languages Act, 1963 requiring compulsory bilingual (Hindi and English) issuance?
- A. Personal diary entries of a government servant
- B. General orders, rules, notifications
- C. Contracts and agreements
- D. Administrative and other reports
Answer: Personal diary entries of a government servant
Explanation: A government servant's personal diary is not an official document covered under Section 3(3); the provision covers official categories like resolutions, general orders, rules, notifications, administrative and other reports, press communiques, contracts, agreements, licences, permits, tender notices and forms.
1438. At the Railway Board level, overall policy coordination for official language implementation across all Zonal Railways and Production Units is the responsibility of which Directorate?
- A. The Vigilance Directorate
- B. The Safety Directorate
- C. The Mechanical Directorate
- D. The Rajbhasa (Official Language) Directorate of the Railway Board
Answer: The Rajbhasa (Official Language) Directorate of the Railway Board
Explanation: The Rajbhasa Directorate at the Railway Board coordinates official language policy implementation across all Zonal Railways, Production Units and other Railway establishments, liaising with the Department of Official Language for compliance with the Act and Rules.
1439. The 'Hindi Teaching Scheme' is distinct from the 'Hindi Workshop' programme in that the latter is primarily aimed at:
- A. Teaching the Devanagari script to complete beginners
- B. Teaching English to Hindi-speaking employees
- C. Employees who have already acquired working knowledge of Hindi but need practical training in doing their actual official work (noting/drafting) in Hindi
- D. Training translators in machine translation software only
Answer: Employees who have already acquired working knowledge of Hindi but need practical training in doing their actual official work (noting/drafting) in Hindi
Explanation: Hindi Workshops are organised for officials who already possess working knowledge of Hindi, to give them hands-on practice in noting and drafting official correspondence in Hindi, distinct from the foundational language-learning focus of the Hindi Teaching Scheme.
1440. The nodal institute for conducting correspondence courses and classes under the Hindi Teaching Scheme (Prabodh, Praveen, Pragya) for Central Government employees, including Railway staff, is the:
- A. Central Hindi Directorate (Kendriya Hindi Nideshalaya)
- B. Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysuru
- C. National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language
- D. Central Hindi Training Institute (Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan)
Answer: Central Hindi Training Institute (Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan)
Explanation: The Central Hindi Training Institute (Kendriya Hindi Prashikshan Sansthan), under the Department of Official Language, conducts the Prabodh, Praveen and Pragya examinations and training for Central Government employees nationwide, including through regional centres accessible to Railway staff.
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